Um Aplicativo Android como Recurso Didático para Ensino e Aprendizagem de Ondas Eletromagnéticas

This work has as objective to develop an application for mobile devices with the Android operating system. This research came from the following question: what are the contributions of the use of the Android application for improving the teaching and learning of content related to electromagnetism? The research was based on the theory of Lev Vygotsky, in particular mediation. For the development of the application, it was used the Android Studio program, which is currently the official platform of Google for this purpose. The target audience of the research were students of the third series of regular middle school, in the year 2018. As a result, we obtained an evolution of the initial state of the students to the state after students learn about the application, being that the first class where the research was conducted, the average number of groups who responded to the lists of exercises increased from 7.33 to 9.56, already the second class, the average number of correct answers went from 5.56 to 7.11 and the third class, the average number of correct answers went from 5.25 to 8.75, showing that in all classes there was an improement in the understanding of the concepts presented in the educational product.Esse trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis com o sistema operacional Android. Essa pesquisa partiu da seguinte questão: quais as contribuições do uso do aplicativo Android para a melhoria do ensino e do aprendizado dos conteúdos relacionados ao eletromagnetismo? A pesquisa foi fundamentada na teoria de Lev Vygotsky, em especial a mediação. Para o desenvolvimento do aplicativo, foi utilizado o programa Android Studio, que atualmente é a plataforma oficial do Google para esse fim. O publico alvo da pesquisa foram alunos da terceira série do ensino médio regular, no ano de 2018. Como resultados, obteve-se uma evolução do estado inicial dos alunos para o estado após os alunos conhecerem o aplicativo, sendo que na primeira turma onde a pesquisa foi realizada, a média dos grupos que responderam às listas de exercícios passou de 7,33 para 9,56, já a segunda turma, a média de acertos passou de 5,56 para 7,11 e na terceira turma, a média de acertos passou de 5,25 para 8,75, mostrando que em todas as turmas houve uma melhoria no entendimento dos conceitos apresentados no produto educacional

Making the ecological brick using powder residues of Ceramic Tiles

The residues generated by the ceramic factories, among the most varied types, represent a large part of the waste produced and the one that comes from the production of red ceramics such as tiles and bricks, reflects in great part of all the constituents of these residues. The use of tailings is becoming an increasingly common practice, often because it does not have a correct final destination and in some places, there is a shortage of natural materials. The present work aims to study the addition of residues of ceramic tiles dust in the characteristics and properties of ecological brick. A literature review on the topic was carried out, in addition to granulometric characterizations, absorption tests, thermal comfort and simple compression. After carrying out the tests, the possibility of using it as a component of the ecological brick and using it in the region of Teresina-PI was studied. The samples produced with tile powder residue showed excellent results, therefore, through this study it was possible to prove that the reuse of these residues is valid for use in civil construction

Standard Electrocardiographic Data of Peccaries (Tayassu tajacu)

Background:Peccaries (Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) are wild suiformes that belong to the Tayassuidae family. Electrocardiography is an important technique for cardiovascular evaluation. Analysis of various intervals, segments, complexes and waveforms of electrocardiographic (ECG) traces aids in the diagnosis of cardiac alterations and in the differentiation of congenital and acquired heart diseases from physiological cases. However, in wild animal medicine, the various patterns of normality and the evaluation of electrical traces associated with heart disease have not yet been sufficiently elucidated. The purpose of this study was to characterize the electrocardiographic (ECG) traces of peccaries sedated using ketamine and xylazine.Materials, Methods & Results:Fourteen healthy adult animals that were subjected to digital ECG examination were used. Animals with evidence of systemic diseases, cardiovascular abnormalities (murmurs or arrhythmias), or any degree of valve insufficiency observed on echocardiogram and animals that exhibited excessive stress during the examination were excluded from the study. All animals presented with a normal sinus rhythm. A combination of 15 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride and 3 mg/kg of midazolam maleate was applied intramuscularly for chemical immobilization. The animals were manipulated after 15 min, when the onset of the anaesthetic effect was verified, for a duration of 45 min, and no reinforcement dose was necessary to complete the electrocardiographic examination.  No significant differences were observed in the P-wave duration, PR interval and QT interval between genders (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the amplitudes of the P and R waves between males and females (P > 0.05). The observed P waves were small, monophasic and positive. The QRS complex was positive in the DI, DII, DIII, aVF, V4 and V10 derivations and negative in the aVR, aVL, V1 and V2 derivations. In 71% of the animals, the T wave showed negative polarity in the DI, DII, DIII, aVL, aVF, and V10 derivations and positive polarity in the aVR, V1, V2 and V4 derivations. The ST segment was isoelectric in 100% of the animals. GraphPad Prism 7 (La Jolla, CA, USA) software was used to analyze the data, with non-parametric tests used to test for differences in the variables between the sexes. In these tests, a P-value of 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.Discussion:Although studies on the cardiac electrophysiology of wild animals have previously shown good results for several species, this is the first study concerning the standardization ECG traces for peccaries. However, due to the wild nature of these animals, their manipulation for handling and data collection purposes is only feasible under chemical containment, although other studies have used non-anaesthetized agoutis. It is not known to what extent these results may have been influenced by the effects of stress. Drugs used for this function may have direct effects on cardiac function. Therefore, the presumed normal ECG values, as well as the recognition of changes due to drug or iatrogenic interactions, are of fundamental importance.  This protocol provided high-quality anaesthetized peccary ECG traces, allowing reliable measurements of waves and intervals and assessment of the cardiac rhythm and heart rate. The surface registry digital ECG recording technique used with chemical containment allowed good monitoring and rapid acquisition and was well tolerated by the animals. 

Analysis of the resistance of the interlocked floor (paver) of concrete with the addition of the mass.

New elements are needed to contribute to the idea of not reusing the materials, but rather improving their use, the massará for example is known in the region of Teresina-PI is a connecting material, of little consistency, easily disaggregatable (friable), containing white silica pebbles and of little utilização in the region. The interlocked concrete floor presents peculiar characteristics among which are those that configure it as a floor. The work analyzes through a mechanical strength and water absorption test the capacity that the interlocked concrete floor with the addition of massará in its composition offers in relation to bear load. Two traces with massará will be tried and then specimens will be molded to obtain the results of mechanical tests and characterization of the material in the laboratory. After the tests, it was observed the possibility of using it as components in the production of interlocked laying blocks used in construction companies of Teresina - PI

Presumed Normal Hemodynamic Values of the Arteries in the Final Third Period of Gestation in Bitches

Background: Doppler ultrasonography enables the investigation of vascular blood flow indexes in gestational assessment, being able to detect vascular resistances that can affect fetal and maternal circulation, such as cases of placental insufficiency, associated with fetal cerebral oxygenation deficit and fetal distress. The study aims to assume hemodynamically normal values in the final third of gestation in bitches, of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries, correlating the obtained Doppler velocimetric indexes, for the assessment of the feto-placental circulation, and prediction of fetal viability indexes, fetal centralization and probable date of delivery.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty healthy bitches were examined in the final third of gestation (40-60 days). These were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography at 2 times (T): T1: between 40-50 days; T2: between 51-60 of gestation. At each time point, the peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) used to obtain the pulsatility (IP) and resistivity (IR) indexes of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries of fetuses were evaluated. Also, the systole/diastole (S/D) ratio of these vessels was evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test, using a P value equal to 5%. A significant difference was observed between velocities and Doppler velocimetric indexes between the 2 phases of the gestational final third in all studied vessels. There was an increase in the values of PSV and EDV and a decrease in the indexes, as the probable date of delivery approached. The analysis of the umbilical cord IR showed an increase from P1 to P2 (P < 0.05), while the IP decreased at the same time. For all studied variables there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the uteroplacental artery, similarly to the umbilical artery, the PSV and EDV values showed an increase between P1 and P2, while the S/D ratio decreased up to 60 days of gestation (P2). The IR and IP of these vessels decreased during the study interval in pregnant bitches. The studied variables showed a statistically significant difference when analyzed comparatively between P1 and P2 (P < 0.05). As for the middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery, the PSV and EDV values increased until the end of pregnancy. Likewise, the Doppler velocimetric values and the S/D ratio decreased until the end of pregnancy (P2).Discussion: The hemodynamic values obtained for the umbilical artery and uterine artery were significantly different between 40 and 50 days of gestation (P1) and 50 and 60 days of gestation (P2), with a decrease in vascular resistance and an increase in velocities. It can be related to a greater association of maternal-fetal blood perfusion, due to the increased demand for the development of the fetus. The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) also showed changes between P1 and P2, with an increase in PSV and EDV in the final third of pregnancy, and the S/D ratio was reduced, differing significantly between P1 and P2. The systolic (PSV) and diastolic (EDV) flow velocities of the internal carotid artery increased progressively, while the IR, IP and the S/D ratio decreased, between the evaluated periods (P1 and P2), providing greater flow in canine fetuses, maintaining normal heart rate, indicating positive fetal viability. Keywords: Doppler, gestational ultrasound, bitches, fetal circulation, umbilical artery, internal carotid, fetal middle cerebral artery

Tromboembolismo em artéria femoral direita de um felino: análise dopplervelocimétrica

O tromboembolismo arterial é definido como a formação de um trombo na circulação sanguínea, que se desloca e provoca a obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo no interior de uma artéria. Essa obstrução pode causar lesões isquêmicas em diversos órgãos, de acordo com a sua localização. A artéria femoral é um dos principais vasos na perfusão dos membros pélvicos de felinos e trombos nessa região podem comprometer a função desse membro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a análise dos parâmetros Doppler de um felino com tromboembolismo em artéria femoral direita em estágio avançado e com indícios de isquemia. A ultrassonografia Doppler demonstrou um estreitamento do lúmen dos vasos e velocidade reduzida no interior da artéria femoral, sugerindo um quadro de tromboembolismo. A ultrassonografia Doppler foi um método eficaz na detecção e no prognóstico de tromboembolismo da artéria femoral de um felino

Tromboembolismo em artéria femoral direita de um felino: análise dopplervelocimétrica

O tromboembolismo arterial é definido como a formação de um trombo na circulação sanguínea, que se desloca e provoca a obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo no interior de uma artéria. Essa obstrução pode causar lesões isquêmicas em diversos órgãos, de acordo com a sua localização. A artéria femoral é um dos principais vasos na perfusão dos membros pélvicos de felinos e trombos nessa região podem comprometer a função desse membro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a análise dos parâmetros Doppler de um felino com tromboembolismo em artéria femoral direita em estágio avançado e com indícios de isquemia. A ultrassonografia Doppler demonstrou um estreitamento do lúmen dos vasos e velocidade reduzida no interior da artéria femoral, sugerindo um quadro de tromboembolismo. A ultrassonografia Doppler foi um método eficaz na detecção e no prognóstico de tromboembolismo da artéria femoral de um felino

Fetal Distress during the Last Third of Pregnancy in Bitches - Evaliation by Doppler Ultrasound Imaging

Background: Diagnostic ultrasound has revolutionized obstetric practice. Doppler techniques provided in vivo studies of the fetus-placental and uterus-placental circulations, in an increasingly precise manner. The assessment of fetal well-being is essential in obstetric practice, however, in veterinary medicine, there is a deficit of ultrasound parameters related to fetal distress. The main of this research was to determine the hemodynamic characteristics and behavior, through Doppler ultrasonography, of maternal-fetal vessels during the final third of gestation in bitches with fetuses under stress, as well as correlating them with each other and with fetal distress. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: An observational, prospective study was carried out, in which 30 healthy bitches were examined, during the last third of pregnancy, with fetuses under fetal distress. Fetuses were evaluated in 2 stages: (1st): 50-54 days and (2nd): 55-60 days of gestation. All fetuses were calmly assessed, one by one, and fetal heart rate (FHR) was measured 5 times, for at least 3 min, to identify and confirm fetal distress. At least 3 fetuses were evaluated in each bitch and each measurement was performed in triplicate, setting a hemodynamic mean for each value evaluated. The flow pattern in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), internal carotid artery (ICA) and umbilical artery (UA) was evaluated. The analyzed vessel was initially visualized in B mode, followed by evaluation by color and spectral Doppler. The variables observed were: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and the resistivity (RI) and pulsatility (PI) index, as well as the systole/diastole ratio (S/D). The analysis of RI and PI of the umbilical artery showed a statistically significant difference between the mean values ​​found for the times studied, increasing from time 1 to time 2. For middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries, PI, RI and the relationship systole/diastole (S/D), showed a statistically significant difference between the mean values ​​found for the times studied, decreasing from time 1 to time 2. Discussion: Fetal heart rate (HR) findings are considered normal above 200 beats per minute (bpm), only if preceded by acceleration and deceleration. This fact confirms the presence of fetal stress, by this parameter, for the fetuses in the present study. Corroborating the picture of fetal distress, another study concluded that HR tends to increase up to 20 days before delivery, a fact that did not occur in the study in question, where animals in the same gestational period were evaluated. Recent research has concluded that an elevated umbilical artery PI at 28 weeks of gestation, in the absence of fetal growth restriction or prematurity, is associated with some adverse cognitive findings in 12-year-olds children. In the present study, a progressive increase in this index was observed throughout the final third of pregnancy. Although the pups were not monitored after birth, this data serves as a warning for veterinarians, and can be useful in the assessment and diagnosis of possible postnatal nervous alterations. Like what was found in the present study, a study reported that from the 4th week to birth, the PSV of the umbilical artery (UA) increased almost linearly, with high significance. For the middle cerebral arteries, the PI showed a statistically significant difference between the mean values ​​found for the times studied, however, decreasing throughout the final third of pregnancy. Keywords: Imaging diagnosis, obstetrics, reproduction, clinical medicine.Background: A ultrassonografia diagnóstica revolucionou a prática obstétrica. As técnicas de Doppler propiciaram estudos in vivo das circulações feto-placentária e útero-placentária, de forma cada vez mais precisa. A avaliação do bem-estar fetal é fundamental na prática obstétrica, no entanto, em medicina veterinária, observa-se um déficit de parâmetros ultrassonográficos relacionados ao sofrimento fetal. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar as características hemodinâmicas e o comportamento, por meio de ultrassonografia Doppler, de vasos maternofetais durante o terço final da gestação de cadelas com fetos sob estresse, bem como correlaciona-los entre si e com o sofrimento fetal. Material, Métodos e Resultados: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, prospectivo, onde foram examinadas 30 cadelas saudáveis, durante o último terço de gestação, com fetos sob estresse fetal. Os fetos foram avaliados em dois tempos: (1º): 50-54 dias e (2º): 55-60 dias de gestação. Todos os fetos foram avaliados com calma, um a um, e a frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) foi mensurada cinco vezes, por pelo menos três minutos, para identificação e confirmação do estresse fetal. Parte superior do formulárioForam avaliados pelo menos três fetos em cada cadela e cada mensuração foi realizada em triplicata, configurando uma média hemodinâmica para cada valor avaliado. Avaliou-se o padrão de fluxo em artéria cerebral média (ACM), artéria carótida comum (ACC) e cordão umbilical (CU). O vaso analisado foi inicialmente visualizado em modo B, seguindo-se com a avaliação por Doppler colorido e espectral. As variáveis observadas foram: velocidade de pico sistólico (VPS), velocidade diastólica final (VDF) e os índices de resistividade (IR) e de pulsatilidade (IP), bem como a relação sístole / diástole (S/D). A análise do IR e IP do cordão umbilical, demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os valores médios encontrados para os tempos estudados, aumentando do tempo 1 para o tempo 2. Para as artérias cerebral média e carótida comum, o IP, o IR e a relação sístole / diástole (S/D), demonstraram diferença estatística significativa entre os valores médios encontrados para os tempos estudados, diminuindo do tempo 1 para o tempo 2. Discussão: Achados de frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) são considerados normais acima de 200 batimentos por minuto (bpm), apenas se precedida de aceleração e desaceleração. Tal fato confirma a presença de estresse fetal, por este parâmetro, para os fetos do presente estudo. Corroborando o quadro de sofrimento fetal, outro estudo concluiu que a FCF tende a aumentar até 20 dias antes do parto, fato este que não ocorreu no trabalho em questão, onde foram avaliados animais no mesmo período gestacional. Recente pesquisa concluiu que um IP da artéria umbilical elevado na gestação de 28 semanas, na ausência de restrição do crescimento fetal ou prematuridade, está associado a alguns achados cognitivos adversos em crianças de 12 anos.&nbsp;No presente estudo, observou-se um aumento progressivo deste índice ao longo do terço final de gestação. Apesar de não ter sido realizado o acompanhamento dos filhotes após o nascimento, este dado serve como alerta para médicos veterinários, e pode ser útil na avaliação e diagnóstico de possíveis alterações nervosas pós-natal. Semelhante ao encontrado no presente estudo, um trabalho relatou que da quarta semana ao nascimento, a VPS da artéria umbilical (AU) aumentou quase linearmente, com significância elevada. Para as artérias cerebral média, o IP demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os valores médios encontrados para os tempos estudados, no entanto, diminuindo ao longo do terço final de gestação

Consumo excessivo de bebidas potencialmente erosivas: implicações a saúde pública / Excessive consumption of potentially erosive beverages: implications for publichealth

A frequente e desenfreada ingestão de bebidas industrializadas como sucos, néctar e refrescos, vêm sendo apontadas como causadoras de algumas patologias na cavidade bucal, pois dependendo do pH da bebida, pode-se haver perda de minerais importantes para os dentes e, ainda, promover a instalação de cárie, conforme a frequência da ingestão e quantidade de açúcar presente. Desse modo, a dieta pode ser considerada como um dos fatores extrínsecos enquanto agente causador da erosão dental. Desse modo, esse artigo visa realizar um levantamento da produção científica atual referente ao temas relacionando as implicações à saúde pública induzida pelo consumo excessivo de bebidas potencialmente erosivas. Para alcançar tal objetivo faz-se uso de uma revisão sistemática, cujo princípio é produzir dados a partir da literatura sobre determinado tema, para além da revisão tecemos reflexões sobre as implicações e soluções no estudo do tema em questão.Os dados mostram uma relação alarmante de ação entre determinados alimentos e as consequentes alterações na estrutura dentária, recentes pesquisas buscam relacionar o consumo excessivo de determinados alimentos sobre a saúde dentaria e seus demais fatores relacionados á saúde pública. Além, do desacordo com a análise critica da rotulagem de alimentos, verificou-se que esta bebidada estava caracterizada como "néctar" e com concentração de suco de 10%, porém, para ser classificado nesse tipo, essa concentração deve ser maior do que 20%. Pôde-se concluir que há necessidade de ação conjunta de nutricionistas, odontologistas e de órgãos de fiscalização sobre determinados alimentos, com destaque para as bebidas industrializadas em virtude de sua ação sobre o surgimento desmineralização e erosão do esmalte dentário, além de desconformidades com a legislação vigente a respeito das especificações na embalagem, interferindo nos direitos do consumidor