Dynamics of inelastic and reactive gas-surface collisions

The dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions in atomic beam-surface scattering are presented. The inelastic scattering of hyperthermal rare gaseous atoms from three alkali halide surfaces (LiF, NaCl, GI)was studied to understand mechanical energy transfer in unreactive systems. The dynamics of the chemical reaction in the scattering of H(D) atoms from the surfaces of LIF(001) and the basal plane of graphite were also studied

Re/Os constraint on the time-variability of the fine-structure constant

We argue that the accuracy by which the isochron parameters of the decay $^{187}{\rm Re}\to ^{187}{\rm Os}$ are determined by dating iron meteorites may not directly constrain the possible time-dependence of the decay rate and hence of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. From this point of view, some of the attempts to analyze the Oklo constraint and the results of the QSO absorption lines are re-examined.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; v2, revised top sentence on p.

Regional (continental) security: emphases of 2022

The intensification of the processes of globalization, regionalization, geopoliticization and the desire of countries to integrate into the world financial, economic and social-political space lead to the emergence of new challenges and dangers and intensification of existing ones in the field of regional political and security cooperation. The strengthening of military activity on the territory of sovereign countries, the lack of a peaceful settlement of regional conflict situations, and the growth of tension and instability require regional cooperation in the fight against common threats on the basis of ensuring the implementation of the principles of international law. Regarding the results of the research on the features of ensuring regional (continental) security under the influence of challenges and threats in 2022, it has been established that there are four groups from among the countries of the world that are characterized by common features of ensuring regional (continental) security, namely: highly developed countries that are able to ensure a high level of security, the efficiency of its management and the stability of state governance; countries with a relatively high level of development that ensure high standards of regional (continental) security, however, significant efforts are directed to solving security issues; countries with an intermediate level of development that are significantly influenced by other countries and are in a state of struggle for the redistribution of spheres of influence; countries with a low level of development that have not completed the process of transformational restructuring and require strengthened measures in order to ensure regional (continental) security

The Simulation of Human Movement by Computer

This paper is concerned with a software simulation of movement of the human body. This simulation is being designed to drive a system for computer animation as part of a larger program concerned with the translation of movement notation into animated graphics. The simulation is based on a model of the human body as a network of special-purpose processors -- one processor situated at each joint of the body -- each with an instruction set designed around a set of primitive movement concepts. We shall discuss the extent to which all these processors may employ the same architecture and the function of the network structure

CRITERIA FOR QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INDICATORS OF THE IMPACT OF PLANNED ACTIVITIES ON THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

In order to assess the impact of planned activities on the environment of mining enterprises, it is necessary to realize that the impact factors are very diverse in terms of characteristics. Therefore, during the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports of planned activities, developers are faced with the problem of defining, classifying and quantifying the impact of planned activities on the environment. A qualitative assessment of impacts without reference to an assessment scale is insufficiently informative. In this regard, the authors set a goal to develop a method of comprehensive assessment of the impact of the planned activity of mining enterprises on the environment, where the quantitative measurement of each impact on the environment will be based on the assessment of the environmental consequences of the planned activity according to defined single criteria. The work contains a list of mandatory and additional criteria for the impact of the planned activity on the environment, which should be determined during the development of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report. The types of influence of these criteria are determined and their characteristics are provided. Each of the types of impact is evaluated in points on the scale of ecological danger. A scale for evaluating the total danger of the impact of the planned activity was developed with five degrees of danger: low, moderate, medium, high, extremely high. The results of the study can become the basis for assessing the consequences of the activities of mining enterprises within the framework of conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment of the planned activity, and will also make it possible to make a qualitative scientific forecast of possible environmental changes as a result of the implementation of this or that economic decision

Leading practices of energy innovation development in the context of digitalization of production on the basis of Industry 4.0

В межах оновлення державних концепцій для досягнення Глобальних цілей сталого розвитку та формування засад для розповсюдження проривних технологій в умовах становлення Четвертої промислової революції, в різних країнах впроваджуються оновлені стратегії та програми для досягнення цих завдань як комплексно, так і окремо. У статті досліджено низку глобальних ініціатив для забезпечення енергетичного переходу в напрямі сталого розвитку, що передбачає інноваційний розвиток енергетики для досягнення кліматичної нейтральності. Визначені основні програми та заходи для забезпечення функціонування механізмів розвитку енергетичних інновацій, що дозволить зміцнити промислово-технологічний розвиток держави. Структуровано світові ініціативи для забезпечення інноваційного розвитку економіки та енергетики. Досліджено програми та заходи як для забезпечення розвитку Індустрії 4.0, так і для інноваційного розвитку енергетики. Визначені основні підходи для забезпечення інноваційного розвитку енергетики на засадах принципу комплексності. Запропоновано реалізувати такі ключові етапи в межах державного регулювання для ефективного забезпечення розвитку енергетичних інновацій як 1) моніторинг сучасних програм та ініціатив країн з різною структурою промислового розвитку 2) визначення спільних ознак та ідентифікація унікальних характеристик та заходів; 3) співставлення світових програм з українськими та визначення можливості їх реалізації; 4) узагальнення кращих світових практик та особливостей їх впровадження; 5) імплементація світових практик в Україні з врахуванням існуючого потенціалу та поставлених цілей сталого розвитку. Ідентифіковано основні проблеми України на шляху до інноваційного розвитку енергетичного сектору та надано основні рекомендації щодо їх вирішення.The article examines global initiatives to ensure the energy transition towards sustainable development, which involves innovative energy development to achieve climate neutrality. The main programs and activities to ensure the functioning of mechanisms for the development of energy innovations, which will strengthen the industrial and technological development of the state were analysed. Global initiatives have been structured separately to ensure the development of Industry 4.0 and the innovative development of energy. The main features, directions and activities of providing energetics innovative development based on the principle of complexity are defined. Stages of realization of state regulation for effective maintenance of development of energy innovations are established. The main problems of Ukraine on the way to innovative development of the energy sector are identified and the main recommendations for their solution are given

Dissecting Solvent Effects on Hydrogen Bonding

The experimental isolation of H‐bond energetics from the typically dominant influence of the solvent remains challenging. Here we use synthetic molecular balances to quantify amine/amide H‐bonds in competitive solvents. Over 200 conformational free energy differences were determined using 24 H‐bonding balances in 9 solvents spanning a wide polarity range. The correlations between experimental interaction energies and gas‐phase computed energies exhibited wild solvent‐dependent variation. However, excellent correlations were found between the same computed energies and the experimental data following empirical dissection of solvent effects using Hunter's α/β solvation model. In addition to facilitating the direct comparison of experimental and computational data, changes in the fitted donor and acceptor constants reveal the energetics of secondary local interactions such as competing H‐bonds