High School Choice in New York City: A Report on the School Choices and Placements of Low-Achieving Students

School choice policies, a fixture of efforts to improve public education in many cities. aim to enable families to choose a school that they believe will best meet their child's needs. In New York City, choice and the development of a diverse portfolio of options have played central roles in the Department of Education's high school reform efforts. This report examines the choices and placements of New York City's lowest-achieving students: those scoring among the bottom 20 percent on standardized state tests in middle school. Focusing on data from 2007 to 2011, the report looks at who these low-achieving students are, including how their demographics compare to other students in NYC, the educational challenges they face, and where they live. The bulk of the report reviews low-achieving students' most preferred schools and the ones to which they were ultimately assigned, assessing how these schools compare to those of their higher-achieving peers. The findings show that low-achieving students attended schools that were lower performing, on average, than those of all other students. This was driven by differences in students' initial choices: low-achieving students' first-choice schools were less selective, lower-performing, and more disadvantaged. Overall, lower-achievingand higher-achieving students were matched to their top choices at the same rate. Importantly, both low- and higher-achieving students appear to prefer schools that are close to home, suggesting that differences in students' choices likely reflect, at least in part, the fact that lower-achieving students are highly concentrated in poor neighborhoods, where options may be more limited

Gastric Residuals in Neonates: Evidence-Based Practice Approach

The immature body systems of premature infants continue to be challenging and ever changing. Caregivers work to find effective ways to provide adequate nutrition and to find a feeding regimen each neonate tolerates. Many health care providers are faced with the question of intolerance and its meaning. One of the most concerning problems in feeding a neonate is the presence of gastric residuals or pre-feeding aspirates. There are many other symptoms associated with intolerance; however, this paper will focus on those associated with gastric residuals

The Effect of Pre-Sterile Medium PH Photoperiod and N\u3csub\u3e6\u3c/sub\u3e-(2-Isopentenyl)-Adenine (2IP) on Shoot Production During Stage II Micropropagation of Rhododendrons

The number of shoots produced during a six week subculture of two Rhododendron sp., cultivars Rocket and Gibraltar was the same for both 16 and 24 hour photoperiods under cool white fluorescent lights, whereas significantly fewer shoots were produced under a 10 hour photoperiod for ‘Rocket.\u27 Increasing concentrations of N6- (2-isopentenyl)- adenine (2iP) from 0 to 32 μMin Anderson\u27s medium resulted in proportional increases in shoot number. When shoots were cultured in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2iP, shoot multiplication was increased significantly over shoots cultured with 2iF alone. No interaction affecting shoot multiplication was found between photoperiod and 2iP levels. Adjustment of Anderson\u27s, medium to a pre-sterile pH of 4.5 resulted in increased shoot production in ‘Gibraltar\u27, however no difference in shoot production was noted for -Rocket\u27 or ‘Cunningham\u27s White\u27. Shoots from both of those cultivars, modified the medium from a pH of 5.7 to pH 4.5 after five weeks in culture. Increasing daylength from 10 to 24 hours, resulted in a significant drop in pH of the culture medium