Low Temperature Tolerance of Seven Different Species of the Drosophila

The effects of low temperature upon organisms with special emphasis on insects have been an open field for research since the early part of 1800. The opinions of various workers agree that insect freezing has not been studied extensively as plant freezing. The large economic losses from tender plants and the consequent desire to develop hardy varieties have no counterpart in applied entomology with the exception of some work concerning the insecticidal effects of low temperature over given periods of time. The Drosophila is ideally suited for experimental work and particularly where one is concerned with the relation of temperature tolerance of insects. For many years Genetists claim this insect as being the best specimen for use in the field of Genetics due to its reproductive ability, variation, and response to diferent conditions. Numerous of these experiments have been concerned with the effects of low and high temperatures on various characteristics of the Drosophila. It is also believed that the Drosophila is ideal for other experimentation

Methods for Controlling Plant Foliage Diseases.

4p

Physical emergence

An examination of the physical development of characters through improvisation and experimentation. The physical process of acting is a vital part of creating characters for the stage. This thesis is about the discovery of the value of that system, and finding a trust in the process of physical character development

Texas Citrus Disease Management.

4 p

Texas Citrus Disease Management.

4 p

A concrete matrix field description of some Galois fields

AbstractWe provide a concrete description of some factor rings of the polynomial ring k[X], k a field, as fields of matrices, namely of the factor rings k[X]/(Xn−X−1) for which n is such that the polynomial Xn−X−1 is irreducible in k[X]. These factor rings include the Galois fields GF(pn) for which Xn−X−1 is irreducible in Zp[X]. Both MAGMA and MAPLE show that there are many such fields

Playing-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Children Learning Instrumental Music: The Association Between Problem Location and Gender, Age, and Music Exposure Factors

Purpose: Playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP) are common in adult musicians, and risk factors include gender, music exposure, and particularly instrument type. Emerging evidence suggests PRMP are common in children and adolescents and that risk factors may be similar. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PRMP, both symptoms and disorders, and PRMP location in children and adolescents as well as the associations with gender, age, and music exposure factors such as type and number of instruments and playing time. Methods: This study surveyed 731 children (460 females), aged 7 to 17 years, studying instrumental music in government schools in Perth, Australia. Lifetime and monthly symptoms, monthly disorders (inability to play an instrument as usual), and PRMP location were examined. Chi-squared analyses were used to evaluate associations between gender, age, music exposure, and PRMP outcomes. Logistic regression evaluated the independent association of these potential risk factors with PRMP prevalence and location.Results: Sixty-seven percent of students reported PRMP symptoms at some point, 56% reported them within the last month, and 30% reported an inability to play as usual within the last month. After adjustment for gender and age, the type of instrument played (upper and lower strings, woodwind, and brass) was significantly associated with all PRMP (p<0.005) and playing three instruments was protective against monthly symptoms (OR 0.43, p=0.05). The right (24%) and left (23%) hand/elbow and neck (16%) were the most commonly reported PRMP locations, with females affected significantly more than males Prevalence of PRMP increased with age for neck (p<0.001), mid-back (p=0.007), low back (p<0.001), right hand/elbow (p=0.008), and mouth (p=0.011). PRMP prevalence for the left hand/elbow and right and left shoulders demonstrated high rates across all childhood ages. Odds ratios for the risk of PRMP in different locations varied by instrument played. Conclusions: The high prevalence and location of PRMP are important issues for child and adolescent instrumentalists. Gender, age, and music exposure are associated with PRMP risk and need to be addressed to ensure musicians' personal well-being and musical longevity

Benchmarking SMMEs' management performance in the built environment of Gauteng province, South Africa

In South Africa, small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) are characterised by poor management, weak entrepreneurial performance and low global competitiveness, among other challenges. The primary objective of this article is to identify reasons for this poor performance of SMMEs in the building construction industry. Secondary objectives were to evaluate, benchmark and rank the management performance of SMMEs in this industry. An evaluative, comparative, analysis research design was constructed to do the research. A total of 326 employees from 64 randomly selected SMMEs participated in a self-assessment evaluation process. The Performance Excellence Self-assessment Questionnaire (PESQ) was used to collect primary data. Secondary data on the models of management performance was obtained from relevant publications. The study established management performance benchmarks for SMMEs in the Built Environment. SMMEs in the study area in South Africa do not benchmark their management performance against world-class and SADC best practices. The three lowest ranked criteria out of the eleven management performance criteria evaluated were social responsibility, business processes, and planning and strategy. These criteria were the main causes of poor management performance of SMMEs. The study concluded with a summary of management performance scores and recommendations for improving productivity and benchmarking of SMMEs in the building construction industry against international comparative levels