Levels of β2-microglobulin, IL-8, TNFα, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-Selectin in HIV infected patients (HIV+) after 12 years of successful cART compared to HIV negative controls.

<p>Please note that β2-microglobulin is shown on a logarithmic Y-axis. Means were compared using Mann-Whitney test and depicted as boxplots with Tukey whiskers (1.5 times the interquartile distance or to the highest or lowest point, whichever is shorter). * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.001.</p

Variables independently associated with admission biomarkers reflecting endothelial glycocalyx and cell activation and/or damage, and endothelial cell junction function (syndecan-1, sE-selectin, thrombomodulin and sVE-cadherin, respectively) by backwards multivariate linear regression analysis in 163 patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

<p>Regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), p-values and adjusted R² are displayed, with p-values <0.05 shown in bold. Predicted changes in syndecan-1 (ng/ml, reflecting glycocalyx damage), sE-selectin (ng/ml, reflecting endothelial activation), Thrombomodulin (ng/ml, reflecting endothelial cell injury) and sVE-cadherin (ng/ml, reflecting endothelial junction disruption) associated with one unit increase in the explanatory variables (age (1 year older), BMI, number of defibrillations (NS all over, data not shown), time from OHCA to ROSC (min), pH, STEMI (yes), p-adrenaline and p-noradrenaline (10-fold higher, NS all over, data not shown), syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, sE-selectin and VE-cadherin (all 2-fold higher). NS, non-significant. NA, non-applicable.</p><p>Variables independently associated with admission biomarkers reflecting endothelial glycocalyx and cell activation and/or damage, and endothelial cell junction function (syndecan-1, sE-selectin, thrombomodulin and sVE-cadherin, respectively) by backwards multivariate linear regression analysis in 163 patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.</p

Kaplan-Meier plots displaying 180-day mortality in 163 OHCA patients stratified according to median levels (high vs. low) of A) plasma (p)-adrenaline and B) Serum thrombomodulin at hospital admission.

<p>Chi-square and p-values for log-rank tests are shown.</p

Correlations between admission levels of syndecan-1 or thrombomodulin, reflecting endothelial glycocalyx and cell damage, respectively, and plasma (p)-adrenaline (pg/ml) (A and D), administered adrenaline (mg) (B and E) and pH (C and F) in 163 OHCA patients

<p>P- and rho-values for Spearman´s correlations are displayed.</p

Demography, medical history, characteristics of the cardiac arrest, patient admission characteristics and outcome in all patients (n = 163) and in patients stratified according to admission serum thrombomodulin (high (>median) vs. low (≤median), n = 160) admitted to a tertiary university hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

<p>Data are presented as medians (IQR) or n (%). Patients stratified according to the median serum level of thrombomodulin at admission were compared by Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square/Fisher´s exact tests as appropriate, with p-values <0.05 shown in bold. AMI, acute myocardial infarction. TIA, transient ischemic attack. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. CABG, coronary artery bypass graft. Location: R, place of residence; P, public place; O, other. CPR, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Shockable rhythm: ventricular fibrillation, nonperfusing ventricular tachycardia, unknown rhythm responsive to shock, perfusing rhythm after bystander-initiated defibrillation; non-shockable rhythm: asystole, pulseless electrical activity, unknown rhythm not responsive to shock. ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation. ECG (electrocardiography) findings: U, unchanged from previously/normal; S, ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI); L, left bundle branch block; A, atrial fibrillation or flutter; O, other. Discharge facility: O, other hospital/intensive care unit; R, rehabilitation facility; H, home; CPC, Cerebral Performance Category (1–2 designates good outcome); mRS, modified Rankin Scale (0–3 designates good outcome).</p><p>Demography, medical history, characteristics of the cardiac arrest, patient admission characteristics and outcome in all patients (n = 163) and in patients stratified according to admission serum thrombomodulin (high (>median) vs. low (≤median), n = 160) admitted to a tertiary university hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).</p

Physiology and standard biochemistry in nine healthy volunteers before (0 h), during (4 h) and after (6 h) induction of experimental endotoxemia by means of a 4 h 0.5 ng/kg/hour LPS-infusion.

<p>Data are presented as means±SD. Data from volunteers were compared by repeated-measures analyses (RM) and Tukey post hoc tests: p<0.05 for 0 h vs. 4 h^a, 0 h vs. 6 h^b and 4 h vs. 6 h^c. P-values <0.2 are shown and in bold if p<0.05.</p><p>HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen saturation; SBE, standard base excess; WBC, white blood cells; CRP, c-reactive protein; AT, antithrombin; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio. NS, non-significant; ND, not done.</p

Functional hemostatic assays in whole-blood (impedance aggregometry (Multiplate), Thrombelastography (TEG), Functional fibrinogen) and plasma (TEG with or without addition of tPA to induce fibrinolysis) in nine healthy volunteers before, during and after induction of experimental endotoxemia by means of a 4 h LPS-infusion (0.5 ng/kg/hour).

<p>Data are presented as means±SD. Data from volunteers were compared by repeated-measures analyses (RM) and Tukey post hoc tests: p<0.05 for 0 h vs. 4 h^a, 0h vs. 6 h^b and 4 h vs. 6 h^c. P-values <0.2 are shown and in bold if p<0.05.</p><p>Different platelet agonists were applied in the Multiplate tests: TRAPtest, thrombin-receptor activating peptide; ADPtest, ADP; COLtest, collagen; ASPItest, arachidonic acid; TEG, thrombelastography; R, reaction time; Angle, α angle; MA, maximum amplitude; G, shear elastic modulus strength; CLT, clot lysis time; Ly30/60, percent lysis 30/60 min after MA;</p><p>tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator. NS, non-significant.</p

Representative profiles of TEG and modified TEG analyses in healthy volunteers before (t = 0), during (t = 4 h) and after (t = 6 h) experimental endotoxemia induced by a 4-hour continuous intravenous infusion of purified <i>Escherichia coli</i> LPS (infusion rate 0.5 ng/kg/hour).

<p>TEG and Functional Fibrinogen were analyzed in whole blood whereas plasma TEG was analyzed in plasma with or without addition of 1.8 nM tPA to induce lysis of the clot i.e., allowing extended evaluation of clot resistance to fibrinolysis.</p