Transcriptome analysis of Taenia solium cysticerci using Open reading Frame ESTS (ORESTES)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human infection by the pork tapeworm <it>Taenia solium </it>affects more than 50 million people worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. Cysticercosis which arises from larval encystation can be life threatening and difficult to treat. Here, we investigate for the first time the transcriptome of the clinically relevant cysticerci larval form.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) produced by the ORESTES method, a total of 1,520 high quality ESTs were generated from 20 ORESTES cDNA mini-libraries and its analysis revealed fragments of genes with promising applications including 51 ESTs matching antigens previously described in other species, as well as 113 sequences representing proteins with potential extracellular localization, with obvious applications for immune-diagnosis or vaccine development.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The set of sequences described here will contribute to deciphering the expression profile of this important parasite and will be informative for the genome assembly and annotation, as well as for studies of intra- and inter-specific sequence variability. Genes of interest for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are described and discussed.</p

Penfigóide bolhoso. Relato de caso

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Artrite séptica em cão. Relato de caso

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Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

WHO Critical Priority Escherichia coli as One Health Challenge for a Post-Pandemic Scenario: Genomic Surveillance and Analysis of Current Trends in Brazil.

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant and third generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogens is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings. The rapid spread of critical priority pathogens in Brazil is notably worrying, considering its continental dimension, the diversity of international trade, livestock production, and human travel. We conducted a nationwide genomic investigation under a One Health perspective that included Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and nonhuman sources, over 45 years (1974-2019). One hundred sixty-seven genomes were analyzed extracting clinically relevant information (i.e., resistome, virulome, mobilome, sequence types [STs], and phylogenomic). The endemic status of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive strains carrying a wide diversity of variants, and the growing number of colistin-resistant isolates carrying -type genes was associated with the successful expansion of international ST10, ST38, ST115, ST131, ST354, ST410, ST648, ST517, and ST711 clones; phylogenetically related and shared between human and nonhuman hosts, and polluted aquatic environments. Otherwise, carbapenem-resistant ST48, ST90, ST155, ST167, ST224, ST349, ST457, ST648, ST707, ST744, ST774, and ST2509 clones from human host harbored and genes. A broad resistome to other clinically relevant antibiotics, hazardous heavy metals, disinfectants, and pesticides was further predicted. Wide virulome associated with invasion/adherence, exotoxin and siderophore production was related to phylogroup B2. The convergence of wide resistome and virulome has contributed to the persistence and rapid spread of international high-risk clones of critical priority E. coli at the human-animal-environmental interface, which must be considered a One Health challenge for a post-pandemic scenario. A One Health approach for antimicrobial resistance must integrate whole-genome sequencing surveillance data of critical priority pathogens from human, animal and environmental sources to track hot spots and routes of transmission and developing effective prevention and control strategies. As part of the Grand Challenges Explorations: New Approaches to Characterize the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Program, we present genomic data of WHO critical priority carbapenemase-resistant, ESBL-producing, and/or colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and nonhuman sources in Brazil, a country with continental proportions and high levels of antimicrobial resistance. The present study provided evidence of epidemiological and clinical interest, highlighting that the convergence of wide virulome and resistome has contributed to the persistence and rapid spread of international high-risk clones of E. coli at the human-animal-environmental interface, which must be considered a One Health threat that requires coordinated actions to reduce its incidence in humans and nonhuman hosts

MIOPLASTIA EXPERIMENTAL DO ESFÍNCTER ANAL EXTERNO COM Fascia lata AUTÓLOGA, EM CÃES

A incontinência fecal em cães e gatos é uma situação na qual o proprietário tem dificuldades para resolver as conseqüências advindas desta lesão, e geralmente os pacientes são submetidos à eutanásia. Algumas técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas na esfincteroplastia são passíveis de complicações como estenose anal ou incontinência fecal. Este experimento teve como objetivo reconstituir o músculo esfíncter anal externo em cães, após iatrogenização da incontinência fecal. Foram utilizados 10 cães hígidos, machos, sem raça definida, com peso variando entre 9 a14 kg. Após incisão de pele circundando a abertura anal, procedeu-se a miectomia bilateral de esfíncter anal externo, iatrogenizando-se a incontinência fecal, a qual foi diagnosticada por meio de avaliação física diária. Trinta dias após, os pacientes foram novamente preparados para cirurgia asséptica e submetidos à esfincteroplastia anal externa com o uso de Fascia lata autológa medindo 8 cm de comprimento e 0,5 cm de largura, em média. Os dez cães incontinentes, em decorrência da miectomia do esfíncter anal externo, apresentaram controle da emissão de fezes em 10 dias após a realização da esfincteroplastia e mantiveram-se assim durante os dois meses de observação póscirúrgica. Dessa maneira concluiu-se que a mioplastia do esfíncter anal externo com Fascia lata autóloga, representa um procedimento eficaz de simples e rápida aplicação, podendo ser utilizado rotineiramente para restabelecer a continência fecal em cães. Experimental myoplasty of the external anal sphincter with autologous Fascia lata in dogs Abstract Fecal incontinence in dogs and cats is a hard condition for owners to solve the consequences of this lesion, being patients usually subjected to euthanasia. Some surgical techniques used in sphincteroplasty are prone to complications such as anal stenosis or fecal incontinence. This experiment objectified to reconstruct the external anal sphincter in dogs after iatrogeny of the fecal incontinence. Ten healthy male dogs of undefined breed, weight ranging from 9 to 14 kg, were used. After dermal incision surrounding the anal opening, bilateral myectomy of the external anal sphincter was performer, with iatrogeny of fecal incontinence, diagnosed by daily physical evaluation. Thirty days later, patients were again prepared for aseptic surgery and went under external anal sphincteroplasty using autologous Fascia lata averaging 8 cm long and 0,5 cm wide. Ten incontinent dogs, due to external anal sphincter myectomy, presented fecal control in ten days after surgery and for the two subsequent months of follow-up. In conclusion, myoplasty of external anal sphincter using autologous Fascia lata is a simple and effective treatment that can be used in fecal incontinence in dogs