Data from a systematic review of crowdsourcing of research data from wildlife tourism photographs and comments shared on social networking sites

This data descriptor summarizes the process applied and data gathered from 50 publications/papers reporting on the use of photography generated by tourists, tour operators and members of the public, with a particular focus on the crowdsourcing of photographs through online platforms and social networking sites (SNSs) as a method of research for wildlife conservation and ecotourism. The papers were collected in a systematic literature review to inform a pilot study of the feasibility of using SNSs to crowdsource georeferenced photographs of endangered Bornean Pygmy Elephants (Elephas maximus borneensis) taken by ecotourists along the Lower Kinabatangan River region of Sabah, Malaysia. Papers were sourced using the Murdoch University Findit online-search tool to search over 100 databases, including Proquest, Scopus and Web of Science. The criteria for a paper to be included in the review (and shared via the dataset attached to this this data descriptor) were that it was peer-reviewed, published in English, between 1997 and the 31 December 2017, had the full text accessible online and reported on a study or studies that utilized photographs that tourists, tour operators and/or members of the public generated and shared via SNSs or online platforms

On semistable principal bundles over a complex projective manifold, II

Let (X, \omega) be a compact connected Kaehler manifold of complex dimension d and E_G a holomorphic principal G-bundle on X, where G is a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over C. Let Z (G) denote the center of G. We prove that the following three statements are equivalent: (1) There is a parabolic subgroup P of G and a holomorphic reduction of the structure group of E_G to P (say, E_P) such that the bundle obtained by extending the structure group of E_P to L(P)/Z(G) (where L(P) is the Levi quotient of P) admits a flat connection; (2) The adjoint vector bundle ad(E_G) is numerically flat; (3) The principal G-bundle E_G is pseudostable, and the degree of the charateristic class c_2(ad(E_G) is zero.Comment: 15 page

Quantitative Behavioural Reasoning for Higher-order Effectful Programs: Applicative Distances (Extended Version)

This paper studies the quantitative refinements of Abramsky's applicative similarity and bisimilarity in the context of a generalisation of Fuzz, a call-by-value $\lambda$-calculus with a linear type system that can express programs sensitivity, enriched with algebraic operations \emph{\`a la} Plotkin and Power. To do so a general, abstract framework for studying behavioural relations taking values over quantales is defined according to Lawvere's analysis of generalised metric spaces. Barr's notion of relator (or lax extension) is then extended to quantale-valued relations adapting and extending results from the field of monoidal topology. Abstract notions of quantale-valued effectful applicative similarity and bisimilarity are then defined and proved to be a compatible generalised metric (in the sense of Lawvere) and pseudometric, respectively, under mild conditions

Use of emergency departments by children and young people following telephone triage: a large database study

Background Although one objective of NHS 111 is to ease the strain on urgent and emergency care services, studies suggest the telephone triage service may be contributing to increased demand. Moreover, while parents and caregivers generally find NHS 111 satisfactory, concerns exist about its integration with the healthcare system and the appropriateness of advice. This study aimed to analyse the advice provided in NHS 111 calls, the duration between the call and ED attendance, and the outcomes of such attendances made by children and young people (C&YP). Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out of C&YP (≤17) attending an ED in the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK following contact with NHS 111 between 1 April 2016 and 31 March 2017. This linked-data study examined NHS 111 calls and ED outcomes. Lognormal mixture distributions were fit to compare the time taken to attend ED following calls. Logistic mixed effects regression models were used to identify predictors of low-acuity NHS 111-related ED attendances. Results Our study of 348 401 NHS 111 calls found they were primarily concerning children aged 0–4 years. Overall, 13.1% of calls were followed by an ED attendance, with a median arrival time of 51 minutes. Of the 34 664 calls advising ED attendance 41% complied, arriving with a median of 38 minutes—27% of which defined as low-acuity. Although most calls advising primary care were not followed by an ED attendance (93%), those seen in an ED generally attended later (median 102 minutes) with 23% defined as low-acuity. Younger age (<1) was a statistically significant predictor of low-acuity ED attendance following all call dispositions apart from home care. Conclusion More tailored options for unscheduled healthcare may be needed for younger children. Both early low-acuity attendance and late high-acuity attendance following contact with NHS 111 could act as useful entry points for clinical audits of the telephone triage service

Cooling the optical-spin driven limit cycle oscillations of a levitated gyroscope

Birefringent microspheres, trapped in vacuum and set into rotation by circularly polarised light, demonstrate remarkably stable translational motion. This is in marked contrast to isotropic particles in similar conditions. Here we demonstrate that this stability is obtained because the fast rotation of these birefringent spheres reduces the effect of azimuthal spin forces created by the inhomogeneous optical spin of circularly polarised light. At reduced pressures, the unique profile of these rotationally averaged, effective azimuthal forces results in the formation of nano-scale limit cycles. We demonstrate feedback cooling of these non-equilibrium oscillators, resulting in effective temperatures on the order of a milliKelvin. The principles we elaborate here can inform the design of high-stability rotors carrying enhanced centripetal loads or result in more efficient cooling schemes for autonomous limit cycle oscillations. Ultimately, this latter development could provide experimental access to non-equilibrium quantum effects within the mesoscopic regime.Yoshihiko Arita, Stephen H. Simpson, Graham D. Bruce, Ewan M. Wright, Pavel Zemánek, Kishan Dholaki

Some Varieties of Equational Logic (Extended Abstract)

... been a major theme of Joseph Goguen’s research, perhaps even the major theme. One strand of this work concerns algebraic datatypes. Recently there has been some interest in what one may call algebraic computation types. As we will show, these are also given by equational theories, if one only understands the notion of equational logic in somewhat broader senses than usual. One moral of our work is that, suitably considered, equational logic is not tied to the usual first-order syntax of terms and equations. Standard equational logic has proved a useful tool in several branches of computer science, see, for example, the RTA conference series [9] and textbooks, such as [1]. Perhaps the possibilities for richer varieties of equational logic discussed here will lead to further applications. We begin with an explanation of computation types. Starting around 1989, Eugenio Moggi introduced the idea of monadic notions of computation [11, 12

The citric acid cough threshold and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide on ascent to high altitude

SummaryVentilatory control undergoes profound changes on ascent to high altitude. We hypothesized that the fall in citric acid cough threshold seen on ascent to altitude is mediated by changes in the central control of cough and would parallel changes in central ventilatory control assessed by the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). Twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent measurements of HCVR and citric acid sensitivity at sea level and during a 9 day sojourn at 5200m. None of the subjects had any evidence of respiratory infection. Citric acid cough threshold fell significantly on ascent to 5200m. The slope, S, of the HCVR increased significantly on ascent to 5200m and during the stay at altitude. There was no correlation between citric acid sensitivity and HCVR. We conclude that the change in citric acid cough threshold seen on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is unlikely to be mediated by changes in the central control of cough. Sensitivity to citric acid may be due to early subclinical pulmonary edema stimulating airway sensory nerve endings

Patient ethnicity and three psychiatric intensive care units compared: the Tompkins Acute Ward Study

Background: Psychiatric Care Units provide care to disturbed patients in a context of higher security and staffing levels. Although such units are numerous, few systematic comparisons have been made, and there are indications that ethnic minority groups may be over-represented. Aim: To compare the rates of adverse incidents and patterns of usage of three Psychiatric Intensive Care Units. Method: The study used a triangulation or multi-method design, bringing together data from official statistics, local audit and interviews conducted with staff. Results: Intensive care patients were more likely to be young, male, and suffering a psychotic disorder, as compared to general acute ward patients. Caribbean patients were twice as likely, and Asian patients half as likely, to receive intensive care (age, gender and diagnosis controlled). There were large differences in service levels, staffing, team functioning and adverse incidents between the three units. Various aspects of physical security were important in preventing absconds. Conclusions: More evaluative research is required in order to define effective service levels, and to explore the nature of the interaction between ethnicity and inpatient care provision during acute illness

Quantitative Behavioural Reasoning for Higher-order Effectful Programs: Applicative Distances

International audienceThis paper studies quantitative refinements of Abramsky's applica-tive similarity and bisimilarity in the context of a generalisation of Fuzz, a call-by-value λ-calculus with a linear type system that can express program sensitivity, enriched with algebraic operations à la Plotkin and Power. To do so a general, abstract framework for studying behavioural relations taking values over quantales is introduced according to Lawvere's analysis of generalised metric spaces. Barr's notion of relator (or lax extension) is then extended to quantale-valued relations, adapting and extending results from the field of monoidal topology. Abstract notions of quantale-valued effectful applicative similarity and bisimilarity are then defined and proved to be a compatible generalised metric (in the sense of Lawvere) and pseudometric, respectively, under mild conditions

A computational analysis of lower bounds for big bucket production planning problems

In this paper, we analyze a variety of approaches to obtain lower bounds for multi-level production planning problems with big bucket capacities, i.e., problems in which multiple items compete for the same resources. We give an extensive survey of both known and new methods, and also establish relationships between some of these methods that, to our knowledge, have not been presented before. As will be highlighted, understanding the substructures of difficult problems provide crucial insights on why these problems are hard to solve, and this is addressed by a thorough analysis in the paper. We conclude with computational results on a variety of widely used test sets, and a discussion of future research