Risk adjustment in a life insurance portfolio

Mestrado em Actuarial ScienceDesde que a IFRS 17 foi emitida, o estudo e compreensão de todas as suas componentes tem sido uma tarefa desafiante para o quadro segurador, principalmente o cálculo das componentes do passivo. A sua complexidade e abordagem baseada em princípios representa um desafio para todas as companhias, consultores e outros stakeholders. Com isso em mente, este estágio teve como objetivo principal a compreensão de uma das suas componentes, o Risk Adjustment, que pode ser comparado à Margem de Risco de Solvência II. O Risk Adjustment representa a compensação que uma entidade requer para suportar a incerteza dos riscos não financeiros. Assim, este relatório pretende perceber e ilustrar dois potenciais métodos para calcular o Risk Adjustment numa carteira de Vida. O primeiro usa a Fórmula Standard de Solvência II num específico grupo de seguros de vida. O segundo usa o Método de Estimação de Máxima Verossimilhança para calcular os parâmetros das distribuições do valor atual dos fluxos de caixa dos riscos não financeiros, para encontrar o Value at Risk e o Tail Value at Risk, e posteriormente, o Risk Adjustment.Since IFRS 17 was issued, the study and understanding of all its components have been a critical task in the insurance framework, particularly the components of the liability's measurement. Its complexity and principle-based approach represent a challenge for all insurance companies, regulators, consultants, and other stakeholders. With that in mind, this internship had the foremost goal of understanding one of its components, the Risk Adjustment, which has some similarities with Solvency II's Risk Margin. The Risk Adjustment represents the compensation an entity requires for bearing the uncertainty regarding non-financial risks. Therefore, this report aims to understand and illustrate two potential methods to compute the Risk Adjustment in a Life Insurance Portfolio. The first one uses the Standard Formula of Solvency II to a specific life insurance group. The second uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach to find the parameters of the distributions of the present value of the cash flows of non-financial insurance risks to find the Value at Risk and the Tail Value at Risk, and posteriorly, the Risk Adjustment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desenvolvimento de metodologias de biologia molecular para a deteção de Cynara scolymus e Silybum marianum em suplementos alimentares à base de plantas

Dissertação de mestrado em Segurança Alimentar, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de CoimbraAs plantas Cynara scolymus L. (Alcachofra) e a Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Cardo mariano) têm sido frequentemente incluídas em suplementos alimentares devido às suas propriedades benéficas para a saúde. De acordo com a Diretiva 2002/46/CE, os suplementos alimentares são considerados alimentos, não sendo por isso sujeitos a qualquer avaliação de segurança, qualidade ou eficácia antes da sua comercialização. Esta limitação no seu controlo pode facilitar potenciais adulterações, como a troca intencional ou acidental de material vegetal. Deste modo, metodologias analíticas específicas, tais como as baseadas na análise de ADN constituem ferramentas fundamentais para a avaliação da autenticidade destes produtos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na deteção de alcachofra e cardo mariano em suplementos alimentares para a perda de peso, usando as técnicas de PCR qualitativa e PCR em tempo real com análise por high resolution melting (HRM). Para tal, foram utilizadas sementes destas plantas, catalogadas por bancos de germoplasma (nacional e internacionais), e de espécies filogeneticamente próximas a estas, totalizando 43 espécies de plantas medicinais, e 17 suplementos alimentares contendo alcachofra e/ou cardo mariano. Os extratos de ADN de todas as amostras de plantas e suplementos alimentares foram amplificados por PCR qualitativa, tendo como alvo regiões nucleares (18S rRNA) e dois genes cloroplastidiais (rbcL e matK). Os primers EG-F/EG-R desenhados na região nuclear foram os que apresentaram maior universalidade e capacidade de amplificação do ADN das amostras de suplementos. A especificidade dos primers com alvo numa região genómica da C. scolymus foi testada por PCR qualitativa, verificando-se que estes permitiam a amplificação de diferentes espécies do género Cynara. A aplicação do método possibilitou a deteção de Cynara spp. em algumas das amostras de suplementos alimentares. O desenvolvimento de um sistema de PCR em tempo real com análise HRM permitiu discriminar a C. scolymus das restantes espécies, com um nível de confiança acima de 99,4% e, ainda, confirmar a presença inequívoca de C. scolymus nos suplementos testados (nível de confiança >98,8%). Para a deteção de S. marianum, conseguiu-se desenvolver um método de PCR qualitativa específico para a espécie, mas a sua aplicação não permitiu detetar a presença de cardo mariano nos suplementos alimentares analisadosCynara scolymus L. (artichoke) and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Marian thistle) are frequently included in plant food supplements (PFS), owing to their beneficial health properties. According to Directive 2002/46 / EC, food supplements are defined as foods, so they are not subject to any quality, efficacy or safety assessments prior to their commercialisation. Thus, these products are often subjected to fraudulent practices, such as the intentional or accidental exchange of plant material. To assess their authenticity, the development of reliable and specific analytical methods is of utmost importance. With this work, it was intended the development of DNA-based methods, namely qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting analysis (HRM) for the detection of C. scolymus and S. marianum in food supplements for weight loss. For this purpose, seeds from these plants and other genetically related species provided by banks cataloged germplasm (national and international), totalising 43 medicinal plants, and 17 plant food supplements, containing artichoke and/or thistle, were used in this study. DNA extracts from all samples of plants and food supplements were amplified by PCR qualitative, targeting the nuclear regions (18S rRNA) and two plastidial genes (rbcL and matK). The EG-F/EG-R primers that were designed a conserved nuclear region showed the greatest universality, enabling positive amplification of PFS. The specificity of the primers targeting the genomic region of C. scolymus was assayed by qualitative PCR, allowing the amplification of different species from Cynara genus. The application of the proposed qualitative PCR enabled the detection of Cynara spp. in some samples of PFS. The development of a real time PCR system coupled with HRM analysis allowed to discriminate C. scolymus from other species with a high level of confidence (99.4%). Using the proposed system, it was also possible to identify the presence of C. scolymus in the tested PFS (level of confidence >98.8%). For the detection of S. marianum, it was developed a species-specific qualitative PCR method, but its application did not allow detecting the presence of thistle in the PFS under study

Valorization of plant materials by Supercritical fluid technology

The aim of this work was to obtain extracts from two plants, namely Pterospartum tridentatum (Carqueja) and Waltheria indica, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), a green solvent. ScCO2 was used pure or with added co-solvent ethanol. The essential oils from these plants have economic value due to their content in compounds with medicinal properties. For comparison, extraction assays were performed using Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water. The highest yields of extraction were obtained when using infusion/water - 22,5% for Carqueja and 25,0% for W. indica – followed by Soxhlet/ethanol - 21,5% for Carqueja and 22,4% for W. indica. In the case of extractions with scCO2, higher yields of extraction were obtained at 500 bar than 350 bar at a temperature of 40 ºC – 1.28% and 0.64%, respectively. These values went up when at the same temperature and 300 bar, ethanol was added to CO2 as co-solvent – maximum of 4.36% for Carqueja and 14 wt.% ethanol, and maximum of 3.13% for Waltheria indica and 10 wt.% of ethanol. Extraction assays were also carried out by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water from Carqueja and W. indica previously extracted with scCO2, with or without co-solvent ethanol. The trend observed was an increase in yields of extraction when Soxhlet/ethanol was used, suggesting that scCO2 was able to remove from both plants compounds that the Soxhlet/ethanol method cannot extract. In the case of infusion/water, the trend observed was a decrease in yields of extraction relative to the values obtained with the original plant material, suggesting that scCO2 was able to remove from both plants some compounds that are also extracted by the infusion/water method. Taking into consideration that polyphenols are the major class of compounds present in Carqueja and in W. indica, the extracts obtained were analyzed with a view to quantifying total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity, the latter through values of EC50 (half maximum effective concentration). The best results for Carqueja were 64, 67 and 118 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of plant and for extracts obtained with scCO2/ethanol, Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively, and for Waltheria indica 10, 77 and 91 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of plant and for extracts obtained with scCO2/ethanol, Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively. The EC50 values were always very high (unfavorable) for extracts from both plants obtained by scCO2/ethanol extraction, and were of ca. 1 and 0.4 g of extract per g of DPPH (radical used in this assay) for Carqueja extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively, and 2 and 0.3 g of extract per g of DPPH for Waltheria indica extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively. A preliminary characterization of Carqueja extracts performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) had already evidenced the presence of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol, as well as fatty acids, triglycerides and terpenes in extracts obtained by scCO2, Soxhlet/ethanol and Soxhlet/n-hexane extraction. This work can be considered a first approach to the use of supercritical technology to obtain extracts from Carqueja and W. indica

Historical Stained Glass Painting Techniques Technology and preservation

The aim of this project is the study of the painting techniques applied on stained glass, namely blue enamels, sanguine red and grisaille. The research and interpretation of several historical treatises dated to between the 12th and the 18th centuries was performed, with a study of the production technology of the selected painting techniques, from the preparation of the pigment to the preparation of the paint. With this in mind, selected raw materials used in the productions of blue enamels were characterized, followed by the reproduction of selected historical recipes of blue enamels, sanguine red and grisaille. Parameters such as firing temperature, grinding and binding agents used to apply the paint on glass were considered. The methodology selected was based on the chemical and morphological characterization of both reproduced powder and paint samples by means of a multi-analytical approach. In addition to the reproduction of the selected painting techniques, corrosion studies of blue enamel powder and paint samples were performed in order to provide new insights on the corrosions mechanisms involved. The results obtained were compared with selected painted stained-glass fragments from Portuguese collections, mainly the ones located in Batalha Monastery, Charola from Convento de Cristo in Tomar and Pena National Palace in Sintra. The present study concluded that the choice of the raw materials to the production of the paint, the binder used to apply the paint, and parameters such as firing temperature and heating rate, had an impact on the outcome, resulting on a better adhesion of the paint layer to the base glass. The use of zaffer as a colouring agent does not allow determination of the outcome of the paint, while adding powdered glass such as smalt gives to the glass painter the opportunity to know the final result before firing. As for sanguine red paint, it is concluded that the final outcome of the paint is strongly influenced by the heating rate. In addition, the use of gum arabic as a binder, or in the pigment itself, provides a better adhesion of the paint layer to the base glass. Regarding the grisaille painting, the main differences between the recipes lay on the composition of the lead-based glass and on the ratios between this and the colouring agents. Furthermore, it was also possible to conclude that there is an evolution of the morphology of the grisailles towards a higher homogeneity of the surface. The corrosion studies performed on blue enamels allowed to conclude that with the lixiviation of the alkaline components of the enamel, cobalt will be influenced by other neighbouring ions, leading to a change of colour. In some cases, Pb2+ ions may also be the responsible for this colour change, with the formation of lead white. The results obtained were in a good agreement with the characterization of the selected case studies, evidencing the importance of the intersection between the written sources and the laboratory work

Abordagem farmacológica da lesão pulmonar induzida por isquémia - reperfusão

Dissertação de mest., Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2010A lesão pulmonar induzida por isquémia – reperfusão (I/R) é uma das complicações mais frequentes e mais graves que ocorre após o transplante pulmonar, podendo culminar na falência do órgão e até na morte do doente. Os mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos na fisiopatologia da lesão pulmonar de I/R são bastante complexos, e envolvem a formação de espécies reactivas de oxigénio e a libertação de mediadores inflamatórios (citocinas, endotelinas, lípidos, moléculas de adesão, entre outras), responsáveis pela activação, migração e agregação leucocitária, e também pela adesão leucocitária à parede endotelial. Estes processos estão encadeados e resultam no aumento da permeabilidade e edema vascular, que caracterizam este tipo de lesão. Ao longo dos últimos anos, o progresso no conhecimento dos processos fisiopatológicos da lesão pulmonar de I/R permitiu que, em teoria, fossem consideradas novas abordagens farmacológicas para a sua prevenção e/ou tratamento. Contudo, poucas são utilizadas na prática clínica pois, a maioria delas, encontra – se ainda sob investigação. Visto que o transplante pulmonar assume, cada vez mais, um papel de destaque na terapêutica de diversas doenças pulmonares terminais, torna-se indispensável que sejam implementados mais estudos que contribuam para a optimização das estratégias terapêuticas existentes e/ou para a exploração de novas abordagens farmacológicas

Intervenção do enfermeiro de família na gestão de sobrecarga do cuidador informal

Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde FamiliarAo plasmar-se este relatório descreveram-se as atividades desenvolvidas durante a unidade curricular Estágio que decorreu de 14 de setembro de 2015 a 13 de fevereiro de 2016 indo ao encontro ao Regulamento nº126/2011 – Regulamento das Competências Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar. Apesar das alterações das funções e estrutura familiar registadas nas últimas décadas, é a família que, na maioria dos casos, suporta e satisfaz as necessidades das pessoas dependentes, dentro da qual, um ou mais elementos assumem o papel de cuidadores informais. A evidência científica, sobre sobrecarga do cuidador informal, revela que a continuidade do desempenho deste papel pode resultar num desgaste físico e emocional com impacto na vida pessoal, social, familiar e profissional destes cuidadores. Neste contexto os enfermeiros de família pela natureza da sua prática e alvo dos seus cuidados, são facilitadores da interação pessoa dependente/cuidador informal, promovendo a gestão da sobrecarga através de intervenções dirigidas às necessidades específicas de cada família. Este estudo tem como objetivos avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais da USF Costa da Prata e identificar as intervenções desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros de família para gerir a sobrecarga. A opção metodológica foi uma abordagem quantitativa, descritiva simples, o método de amostragem foi acidental (n=26). Para a recolha de dados utilizámos quatro instrumentos (Questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e da contextualização da prestação de cuidados; Questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e co morbilidades da pessoa cuidada; Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI); Índice de Barthel). Os resultados obtidos revelam que as pessoas dependentes são maioritariamente do género feminino, com prevalência de idades compreendidas no intervalo [81-90] sendo o nível de dependência distribuído entre: moderadamente dependentes e totalmente dependentes. Os cuidadores informais são predominantemente mulheres, a maioria com idade compreendida no intervalo [61-71] com baixa escolaridade, casadas e reformadas sendo a maioria cônjuges da pessoa que cuidam. Coabitam com a pessoa dependente cuidando dela mais de cinco horas diárias a maioria sem ajuda formal. Percecionam níveis de sobrecarga ligeira (n=10) e moderada (n=16). As intervenções propostas para a gestão de sobrecarga foram: os internamentos de curta duração; intervenções ambientais; intervenções educativas; programas de ajuda combinada (intervenções educativas e intervenções ambientais) e outros tipos de ajuda (apoio social). Face à relevância que os cuidadores informais assumem nas famílias, o enfermeiro de família, pela sua proximidade poderá assumir um papel proactivo na gestão da sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais. Através da avaliação do contexto dos cuidados e da sobrecarga dos cuidadores poderão ser promovidas estratégias de suporte dirigidas às necessidades individuais dos cuidadores de modo a melhorarem o seu bem-estar e o dos dependentes a seu cuidado.In shaping up this report described in the activities developed during the internship held from 14 September 2015 to 13 February 2016, to suit the Regulation 126 / 2011 - Regulation of Specific Nurses Skills Specialist Nursing Family health. Despite the changes in roles and family structure recorded in recent decades, it is the family that, in most cases, supports and meets the needs of dependents within and one or more elements may take the role of informal caregiver. Scientific evidence on the informal caregiver burden, reveals that the continuity of this role can result in physical and emotional distress impacting on personal, social, family and professional caregivers of these. In this context the family of nurses by the nature of their practice and target of their care, are facilitators of interaction dependent person/informal caregivers, promoting management overhead through interventions aimed at specific needs of each family. This study aims to evaluate the burden on informal caregivers USF Costa da Prata and identify the interventions developed by family nurses to manage the burden. The method chosen was a quantitative approach, simple descriptive, sampling was accidental (n = 26). For data collection we used four instruments (questionnaire sociodemographic and contextualization of care, sociodemographic questionnaire and co morbidities of dependent people; informal caregiver burden assessment questionnaire (QASCI), Barthel Index). The results show that dependent people are mostly women, with a prevalence of ages in the range [81-90] and the level of dependency distributed between: moderately dependent and totally dependent. Informal caregivers are predominantly women, most aged in [61-71] range with low education, married, retired and most partner of the person being cared. Cohabit with the dependent person looking after her more than five hours daily, most without formal help. Burden perception levels are slight overload (n = 10) and moderate (n = 16). The interventions proposed for burden management were: the short-term hospitalization; environmental interventions; educational interventions; combined aid programs (educational interventions and environmental interventions) and other types of assistance (social support). Given the relevance of informal caregivers take in families, the family nurse by their proximity could take a proactive role in managing the burden of informal caregivers. By assessing the context of care and caregiver burden can be promoted support strategies aimed at individual needs of caregivers in order to improve their welfare and that of dependents in their care

Effectiveness of the “Planning Health in School” programme on children’s nutritional status

Effective interventions for guiding children to change behaviours are needed to tackle obesity. We evaluated the effectiveness of the ‘Planning Health in School’ programme (PHS-pro) on children’s nutritional status. A non-randomised control group pretest-posttest trial was conducted at elementary schools of a sub-urban municipality in Porto’s metropolitan area (Portugal). A total of 504 children of grade-6, aged 10–14, were assigned in two groups: children of one school as the intervention group (IG), and three schools as the control group (CG). Anthropometric measures included height, weight, waist circumference (WC), BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and lifestyle behaviours (self-reported questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and after PHS-pro. IG children grew significantly taller more than CG ones (p < 0.001). WC had reduced significantly in IG (−0.4 cm) whereas in the CG had increased (+0.3 cm; p = 0.015), and WHtR of IG showed a significant reduction (p = 0.002) compared with CG. After PHS-pro, IG children consumed significantly fewer soft drinks (p = 0.043) and ate more fruit and vegetables daily than CG. Physical activity time increased significantly in IG (p = 0.022), while CG maintained the same activity level. The PHS-pro did improve anthropometric outcomes effectively leading to better nutritional status and appears to be promising in reducing overweight and obesity.This work was funded by the FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FCT), grant numbers SFRH/BD/79512/2011, CINTESIS (R&D Unit of FCT; UIDB/4255/2020) and RESEARCH CENTRE ON CHILD STUDIES (R&D Unit 317 of FCT; projects UIDB/00317/2020 and UIDP/00317/2020)

Território como Palimpsesto: A Metamorfose Temporal de Vila Nova da Rainha

O território concede a cada lugar um carácter único e a sua constituição física, torna-se a matriz dos seus desenvolvimentos históricos. As linhas de festo, de vale e os pontos notáveis que caracterizam a topografia estão na base dos percursos e dos assentamentos humanos e, portanto, da construção da cidade e da sua arquitetura. Desde o princípio da existência do homem, podemos considerar que cada construção ou intervenção do mesmo no território, corresponde à materialização de uma necessidade. São gestos que vão dar origem às marcas do ser humano no território, algumas muito duradoras. Ao analisarmos essas marcas, tornamse claros os diferentes tempos do mesmo lugar. É possível olhar para o território como um palimpsesto, onde as necessidades emergentes são materializadas, “reescrevendo” sobre as intervenções existentes no sítio, correspondentes às necessidades de uma sociedade anterior. Propõe-se olhar para este tema, tentando analisar de que forma é que as diferentes camadas dos diversos tempos, se informam mutuamente, contribuindo para o trabalho do arquiteto, de que forma se materializa esta influência na estrutura e arquitetura de um sítio e entender, de que forma se imprime num projeto, a ancestralidade do território. Esta análise tem um olhar mais atento sobre a zona do nó da Estrada Nacional 3, em Vila Nova da Rainha, no concelho da Azambuja, onde é possível notar a reunião e materialização de infraestruturas e arquitetura influenciadas por diferentes tempos e necessidades inerentes aos mesmos. O projeto para o Rancho Folclórico de Vila Nova da Rainha pretende interpretar a reunião destes diferentes tempos, tentando recuperar a génese dos primeiros assentamentos deste lugar na materialização de um projeto que tem em vista a reunião da comunidade da Vila.The territory grants each place with a unique character and its physical constitution becomes the base of its historic developments. The ridge and valley lines and the remarkable points that characterize the topography are the baseline of the human routes and settlements, and, therefore, of the city’s construction and architecture. Since the beginning of man’s existence, we can consider that each of his constructions and interventions upon the territory, correspond to the materialization of a need. These actions will be the genesis of the human being’s traces on the land, some of which can be very long lasting. When analyzing these traces, the different time periods belonging to the same place become clear. It is possible to look at the territory as a palimpsest, where the emerging needs are materialized, “rewriting” over the already existing interventions that belong to a previous society’s needs. The intention with this project is to look at this theme, while trying to analyze in what ways the layers belonging to different time periods can contribute to the architect’s work by being informed by one another. Not only that but also in what ways is this influence materialized in the architecture and structure of a certain place, and finally to try and understand in what way is the ancestry of a territory imprinted in a project. This essay focuses specifically upon the area of the intersection of Estrada Nacional 3, in Vila Nova da Rainha, in the county of Azambuja, where the overlapping of infrastructures and architecture belonging to different time periods and their respective necessities is extremely obvious and noticeable. The project for the Vila Nova da Rainha’s folkloric ranch tries to interpret the reunion of these different time periods, while trying to recover the genesis of the first settlements made on this place in the materialization of a project that tries to bring together this village’s communit

Casalinho da Ajuda, o equipamento como ponte entre culturas : o equipamento colectivo no âmbito do parque do Rio Seco.

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.A presente dissertação, intitulada Casalinho da Ajuda. O Equipamento como ponte entre culturas, aborda o tema do equipamento colectico, reflectindo sobre a sua problemática e o impacto que este pode ter ao nível da relação social entre os indivíduos da área de intervalo. A dissertação apresenta dois momentos distintos, uma primeira parte referente à pesquisa e uma segunda parte referente ao caso prático de projecto. Pretende-se com este trabalho focar e desenvolver uma investigação direcionada para o estímulo do contacto social no espaço do equipamento colectivo, criando oportunidades de encontro e despoletar o interesse pela apropriação e interação social. Sendo este tema da interação social cada vez mais discutido, é necessário uma leitura critica sobre as formulações teóricas e práticas contemporâneas, garantido a total coexistência entre arquitectura e sociedade. Do ponto de vista do projecto, partindo de uma análise histórica e morfológica do território, procurámos soluções que ditem novas estratégias de intervenção, quer no contexto do Parque Urbano do Rio Seco, quer no contexto particular da área envolvente ao Bairro da Casalinho da Ajuda. Estas soluções procuram uma maior relação do espaço com o meio, e uma maior relação entre as funcionalidades propostas e a população.ABSTRACT: This dissertation, titled Casalinho da Ajuda, Equipment as a bridge between cultures, covers the theme of public space, reflecting on the problems and the impact that it can have on a social level between individuals in the study area. This dissertation presents two distinct sections, the first refers to the research and the second to the practical side of the project. The objective of this project is to focus on and develop an investigation aimed at stimulating social contact within the public space, creating opportunities to meet and stimulating interest in appropriacy and social interaction. Considering that the theme of social interaction is increasingly under discussion, a critical viewpoint on the theoretical and practical contemporary formulae is needed in order to guarantee total coexistence between architecture and society. From the project’s point of view, starting with an historical and morphological analysis of the area, we sought solutions which required new intervention strategies, whether in the context of the Rio Seco Urban Park or in the private context of the area surrounding Bairro do Casalinho, in Ajuda. These solutions seek a greater connection between the space and its surroundings and a stronger relationship between the proposed features and the population