Utilização de raios X na avaliação de danos causados por caruncho em sementes de feijão-caupi

In Brazil, the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], is important in the Northeast Region, where it is typically grown on family farms. The importance of the damage caused to the seed quality of this species by stored pests has been described in various studies. Using X-ray, it is possible to see the internal seed structures and identify possible changes and damage. The objective of this study was to identify the damage caused by the weevil [Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.)] by analyzing X-ray and evaluate its relationship to the physiological quality of the cowpea seed. Three cultivars were used (IPA-206, BRS-Pajeu and BRS-Potengi) and two lines (L 281.005 and L ESP 10). The samples were exposed to X-ray and germination test to determine the cause-effect relationship between weevil damage and seed germination. X-ray images were evaluated to determine damage severity and location in the seed. Seed damage classified as severe, located in the embryonic axis or in the cotyledons, resulted in abnormal seedlings or dead seeds. The X-ray test, therefore, is efficient for evaluating weevil damage in cowpea seeds and the damage caused to be associated with any resulting adverse germination effects.No Brasil, o feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], tem destaque na Região Nordeste, sendo uma cultura típica da agricultura familiar. A importância dos danos causados por pragas de armazenamento em sementes da referida espécie, em relação à sua qualidade, tem sido evidenciada em vários trabalhos. Através de imagens de raios X é possível visualizar as estruturas internas da semente, identificando possíveis alterações e danificações. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar os danos causados por caruncho (Callosobruchus maculatus) e sua relação com a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijão-caupi, por intermédio da análise de raios X. Foram utilizadas três cultivares (IPA-206, BRS-Pajeu e BRS-Potengi) e duas linhagens (L 281.005 e L ESP 10). As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de raios X e ao teste de germinação, a fim de determinar a relação de causa e efeito entre os danos provocados pelo caruncho e a germinação das sementes. Nas avaliações das imagens de raios X foi considerada a severidade e a localização dos danos na semente. Para os danos classificados como severos, localizados no eixo embrionário e, ou nos cotilédones, as sementes originaram plântulas anormais ou as sementes estavam mortas. Portanto, o teste de raios X é eficiente para a avaliação de danos causados por caruncho em sementes de feijão-caupi, permitindo relacionar os eventuais danos com os prejuízos causados à germinação.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNP

Coração-de-negro (Poecilanthe parviflora Benth. - Fabaceae-faboideae) seeds viability evaluation by the tetrazolium test

A crescente demanda por sementes de espécies arbóreas brasileiras tem sido acompanhada pelo aumento da necessidade em se desenvolver métodos para a avaliação da viabilidade das sementes, principalmente por meio de testes rápidos, como o de tetrazólio. Poecilanthe parviflora (coração-de-negro) é uma espécie arbórea brasileira utilizada na restauração florestal, para a qual não há testes estabelecidos para a determinação da viabilidade de suas sementes. Assim, a pesquisa objetivou adequar o método do teste de tetrazólio para a avaliação da viabilidade de sementes da referida espécie. A partir de estudos preliminares, relacionados à hidratação, ao preparo e à coloração das sementes, as sementes foram hidratadas pela imersão direta em água, até atingirem 30% e 40%, e entre papel previamente umedecido com água, até atingirem 40%. Após a hidratação, o tegumento das sementes foi retirado manualmente e os embriões foram imersos em solução 0,075% de tetrazólio por 90 minutos a 40°C. Os resultados do teste de germinação foram empregados como referência para os de tetrazólio. É possível utilizar o teste de tetrazólio para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de coração-de-negro. É recomendada a imersão das sementes em água, até atingirem 40%, a remoção do tegumento e a coloração do embrião em solução 0,075% de tetrazólio, durante 90 minutos, no escuro, a 40ºC.The increasing demand for Brazilian tree species seeds has been followed by the raise of the necessity to develop methods to evaluate seeds viability, mainly due to fast tests, as such as the tetrazolium. Poecilanthe parviflora (coração-de-negro) is a Brazilian tree species used in forest restoration. However, there is no established test to determine its seeds viability. So, the goal of this research was adequate the tetrazolium test to determine the seeds viability of this species. After preliminary studies, the seeds were pre-conditioned by their immersion in water, until they reach the moisture contents 30% and 40%, and hydrated between papers previously soaked with water, until they reach the moisture content 40%. After the pre-conditioning, seeds coats were removed manually and the embryos were immersed in 0,075% tetrazolium solution for 90 minutes, at 40°C. Tetrazolium test results were compared with the ones obtained in the germination test. The results indicated that the tetrazolium test can be used to evaluate P. parviflora seeds viability, mainly by the seeds immersion in water until they reach the moisture content 40% remove the seed coat and stain the embryo in 0,075% tetrazolium solution for 90 minutes at 40°C

Renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients: Effects of chronic smoking

Albumin excretion rate is usually increased in people who smoke, but the physiological basis of this phenomenon is not fully understood. METHODS: The effect of chronic smoking on renal haemodynamics was studied in a cohort of 66 men. Twenty-seven were smokers and 36 were hypertensive. In all subjects, the albumin excretion rate was evaluated; in hypertensive patients, a renoscintigraphic evaluation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration were carried out and the filtration fraction was calculated. RESULTS: The hypertensive smoking population presented an increased urinary albumin excretion rate in comparison with hypertensive non-smoking patients. No significant differences were found for the mean values of renal plasma flow, the glomerular filtration rate and the filtration fraction between hypertensive smokers and hypertensive non-smoking patients. CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive patients, smoking does not modify typical renal haemodynamic changes of arterial hypertension; however, it significantly increases the albumin excretion rate

Lectin extracted from Canavalia grandiflora seeds presents potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects

Neutrophil migration is responsible for tissue damage observed in inflammatory diseases and is also implicated in inflammatory nociception. The use of lectins has been demonstrated to be effective in different activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and in cancer therapy. In this study, we addressed the potential use of a lectin from Canavalia grandiflora seeds (ConGF) to control neutrophil migration and inflammatory hypernociception. Pretreatment of the animals intravenously (15 min before) with ConGF inhibited neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent fashion confirmed by an inhibition of rolling and adhesion of leukocytes by intravital microscopy. Another set of experiments showed that pretreatment of the animals with ConGF inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in mice induced by the i.pl. injection of carrageenan or formalin. This anti-nociceptive effect correlated with an effective blockade of neutrophil influx, as assessed by the hind paw tissue myeloperoxidase levels. Furthermore, ConGF had important inhibitory effects on the mouse carrageenan-induced paw edema. In addition, animals treated with ConGF showed inhibition of cytokines release. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the lectin ConGF inhibits neutrophil migration and mechanical inflammatory hypernociception.Programa de Apoio a Pesquisa-Universidade de UberabaCoordenacao de Aperfei oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES