Prevalence of falls and associated factors in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: Increased life expectancy and consequent growth of the elderly population has resulted in changes in the epidemiological morbidity and mortality profile. In the group of chronic degenerative diseases, falls are a prevailing among those preventable conditions. The objective of the study was to assess prevalence of falls in the elderly and to describe their associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising 4,003 elderly subjects (aged 65 years or more) living in areas covered by primary health care in 41 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants from seven Brazilian states. Wald test for heterogeneity and linear trend were used for the estimation of significance level. Adjusted analysis was conducted using Poisson regression and adjusted prevalence rates were estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 34.8%, significantly higher in women (40.1%) than men. Among those who experienced falls, 12.1% had fractures as a consequence. The prevalence of falls was directly associated with older age, sedentary lifestyle, self-perception of poor health and more chronic drug use reported. The prevalence of falls was similar in the elderly attending different care services (basic health care units and Family Health Program). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of falls among elderly could be reduced through actions targeting their needs in health care units, especially regarding preventable associated factors.OBJETIVO: O aumento da expectativa de vida e conseqüente crescimento da população de idosos têm gerado modificações em seu perfil de morbimortalidade. Das doenças crônico-degenerativas, as quedas são agravos prevalentes entre aqueles passíveis de prevenção. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência de quedas em idosos e a influência de variáveis a elas associadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 4.003 idosos (65 anos ou mais) cuja coleta de dados foi realizada em 2005. Os idosos residiam na área de abrangência de unidades básicas de saúde de 41 municípios, com mais de 100 mil habitantes, de sete estados do Brasil. Para cálculo do nível de significância dos dados foi usado o teste de Wald para heterogeneidade e tendência linear. A análise ajustada foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, com cálculo de razões de prevalência ajustadas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de quedas entre os idosos foi de 34,8%, significativamente maior nas mulheres (40,1%). Entre os que sofreram quedas, 12,1% tiveram fratura como conseqüência. A prevalência de quedas associou-se com idade avançada, sedentarismo, autopercepção de saúde como sendo ruim e maior número de medicações referidas para uso contínuo. Não houve diferença na ocorrência de quedas entre os idosos das diferentes modalidades da atenção (unidade de saúde tradicional e Programa Saúde da Família). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de quedas entre os idosos poderia ser diminuída com o planejamento de ações voltadas às suas necessidades nas unidades de saúde, especialmente em relação aos fatores associados passíveis de prevenção

Factors associated with lack of prenatal care in a large municipality

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with a lack of prenatal care in a large municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS In this case-control age-matched study, 716 women were evaluated; of these, 179 did not receive prenatal care and 537 received prenatal care (controls). These women were identified using the Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Birth Information System) of Pelotas, RS, Southern Brazil, between 2009 and 2010. Multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR). RESULTS In the final model, the variables associated with a lack of prenatal care were the level of education, particularly when it was lesser than four years [OR 4.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92;10.36], being single (OR 3.61; 95%CI 1.85;7.04), and multiparity (OR 2.89; 95%CI 1.72;4.85). The prevalence of a lack of prenatal care among administrative regions varied between 0.7% and 3.9%. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors identified must be considered when planning actions for the inclusion of women in prenatal care by both the central management and healthcare teams. These indicated the municipal areas with greater deficits in prenatal care. The reorganization of the actions to identify women with risk factors in the community can be considered to be a starting point of this process. In addition, the integration of the activities of local programs that target the mother and child is essential to constantly identify pregnant women without prenatal care

Inclusión laboral para personas con discapacidad

Expone en una primera parte las reflexiones en los marcos legislativos y curriculares en torno al ámbito laboral de las personas con discapacidad y, en una segunda parte las recomendaciones finales que realizó el grupo de expertos reunidos en la mesa de trabajo sobre la inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad, los días 12, 13 y 14 de noviembre de 2008, en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, con la intención de influir positivamente en el reto de hacer efectivo el derecho al trabajo de estas personas

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Evidence based clinical practice guidelines : the Grupo Hospitalar Conceição experience

Objetivo: Descrever a metodologia que vem sendo empregada no GHC para o desenvolvimento de protocolos clínicos e de enfermagem, proporcionando um modelo que possa ser útil aos profissionais de saúde ao elaborarem protocolos embasados em evidências. Método: O processo de elaboração de protocolos clínicos e de enfermagem no GHC iniciou com o estabelecimento das diretrizes para elaboração e implementação de protocolos pela equipe técnica da GEP. Através dos critérios epidemiológicos de magnitude, transcendência e vulnerabilidade, obteve-se uma lista de assuntos prioritários para iniciar os trabalhos. Os autores de protocolos no GHC são os profissionais dos próprios Centros de Resultados. Eles estão sendo preparados para elaborarem protocolos de acordo com a padronização proposta pela GEP mediante cursos de capacitação. A GEP disponibiliza infra-estrutura e recursos humanos de apoio logístico para os autores. Resultado: Vários protocolos já foram elaborados, validados, homologados e estão sendo aplicados no GHC. Este artigo é, também, um dos resultados dos esforços da Comissão Técnica de Validação de Protocolos da GEP, bem como da experiência prática na orientação aos autores de protocolos no GHC. Além disso, a Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre estabeleceu uma relação convenial com a GEP do GHC para capacitar um grupo de profissionais responsáveis pela elaboração de protocolos para a rede municipal de saúde. Os resultados dessa atividade já estão repercutindo através das primeiras reuniões de treinamento para implementação dos protocolos da Prefeitura. Conclusão: Este artigo apresenta a sistemática que estamos empregando no GHC para a elaboração de protocolos clínicos e de enfermagem embasados em evidências.Objective: Describe the methodology that has been used in the GHC to the development of the clinical and nursing protocols, proposing a model that can be useful to health professionals during the protocols development that has been based on evidence. Method: the elaboration of clinical and nursing protocols at GHC has begun with the establishment of the guidelines for elaboration and implementation of protocols by the research and teaching team (GEP). Through the criteria of magnitude, frequency and vulnerability it was possible to identify the priorities for the institution. The authors of protocols at GHC are professionals who have been elaborating protocols in accordance with the standardization proposal by GEP as a means of continued education. Result: some protocols have already been elaborated, and have been applied at GHC. This article shows the practical experience in order to develop the protocols at GHC. Moreover, the municipal health secretariat of Porto Alegre has established a contract with GEP of GHC to enable a group of professionals in charge for the elaboration of protocols to the health municipal network. The results of this activity already have beingechoed through the first meetings of training for implementation of the protocols for the primary health care. Conclusion: This Article Presents a Review on How to Develop Protocols that Have Been Used at GHC

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young Brazilian adults

Purpose: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The scientific literature has consistently shown the effects of certain diets on health; however, given the variety of cultures and dietary habits across the world, it is likely that much remains to be learned about dietary patterns and health outcomes. We assessed the associations between main dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among 4,202 young Brazilian adults in a cross-sectional analysis. Methods: In a principle components analysis, two main dietary patterns were identified: common Brazilian and processed food. As outcomes, we examined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). Means, crude, and adjusted β coefficients and 95% CIs were estimated according to quintiles of dietary patterns. Results: Common Brazilian scores were inversely associated with BMI, WC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol values among men. Among women, inverse association trends were observed with SBP, DBP, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol. The processed food pattern was positively associated with LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol, BMI, and WC values among the men. Among the women, the processed food pattern was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings confirm that diet has an important role on health during early adulthood. The common Brazilian pattern showed generally healthier trends regarding CVD risk factors, but the ultimate effects on risk of risk of disease are unclear because of the inverse relation with HDL-c levels