Prevençao Secundária da Morte Súbita: Importância do Marcapasso Definitivo Prévio ao Implante de Cardioversor-desfibrilador Implantável (CDI) na Sobrevida de Pacientes com Miocardiopatia Chagásica

Objetivo: Avaliar a importância clínica da presença de marcapasso definitivo (MPD) previamente ao implante de CDI, considerando variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas. Métodos: Dos 321 pacientes do banco de dados de CDI de nossa instituiçao, foram selecionados 275 submetidos a implante de CDI para prevençao secundária de morte súbita cardíaca (MSC), agrupados de acordo com a cardiomiopatia de base e a presença de MPD prévio ao implante de CDI. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, CF-NYHA, medicaçoes, ritmo cardíaco, FEVE e TVNS. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meier e o teste de log-rank. Resultados: A amostra reduzida de pacientes com cardiomiopatia nao chagásica e MPD prévio ao implante de CDI (N=6) nao permitiu análises estatísticas consistentes. Nos pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica (CCH), as características de base nos subgrupos com e sem MPD prévio foram estatisticamente semelhantes, exceto pela maior prevalência de TVNS no subgrupo sem MPD prévio. Nos pacientes com CCH, a comparaçao das curvas de sobrevida dos subgrupos com e sem MPD prévio evidenciou uma diferença significativa (p&0,05). A probabilidade de sobrevida no final do primeiro e terceiro anos foi de 78% e 39% nos pacientes com MPD prévio (N=18) e 87% e 58% nos pacientes sem MPD prévio (N=72). Conclusoes: Nos pacientes com CCH submetidos a implante de CDI para prevençao secundária de MSC, a presença de MPD previamente ao implante de CDI apresentou prevalência elevada (20%) e associou-se a um pior prognóstico

Prevençao Secundária da Morte Súbita: Importância do Marcapasso Definitivo Prévio ao Implante de Cardioversor-desfibrilador Implantável (CDI) na Sobrevida de Pacientes com Miocardiopatia Chagásica

Objetivo: Avaliar a importância clínica da presença de marcapasso definitivo (MPD) previamente ao implante de CDI, considerando variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas. Métodos: Dos 321 pacientes do banco de dados de CDI de nossa instituiçao, foram selecionados 275 submetidos a implante de CDI para prevençao secundária de morte súbita cardíaca (MSC), agrupados de acordo com a cardiomiopatia de base e a presença de MPD prévio ao implante de CDI. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, CF-NYHA, medicaçoes, ritmo cardíaco, FEVE e TVNS. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meier e o teste de log-rank. Resultados: A amostra reduzida de pacientes com cardiomiopatia nao chagásica e MPD prévio ao implante de CDI (N=6) nao permitiu análises estatísticas consistentes. Nos pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica (CCH), as características de base nos subgrupos com e sem MPD prévio foram estatisticamente semelhantes, exceto pela maior prevalência de TVNS no subgrupo sem MPD prévio. Nos pacientes com CCH, a comparaçao das curvas de sobrevida dos subgrupos com e sem MPD prévio evidenciou uma diferença significativa (p&0,05). A probabilidade de sobrevida no final do primeiro e terceiro anos foi de 78% e 39% nos pacientes com MPD prévio (N=18) e 87% e 58% nos pacientes sem MPD prévio (N=72). Conclusoes: Nos pacientes com CCH submetidos a implante de CDI para prevençao secundária de MSC, a presença de MPD previamente ao implante de CDI apresentou prevalência elevada (20%) e associou-se a um pior prognóstico

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Biventricular pacing improves clinical behavior and reduces prevalence of ventricular srrhythmia in patients with heart failure

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of biventricular pacing (BP) on clinical behavior, ventricular arrhythmia (VA) prevalence, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) by gated ventriculography. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and NYHA class III and IV underwent pacemaker implantation and were randomized either to the conventional or BP group, all receiving BP after 6 months. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were in NYHA class IV (66.6%) and 8 were in class III (33.4%). After 1-year follow-up, 14 patients were in class II (70%) and 5 were in class III (25%). Two sudden cardiac deaths occurred. A significant reduction in QRS length was found with BP (p=0.006). A significant statistical increase, from a mean of 19.13 ± 5.19% (at baseline) to 25.33 ± 5.90% (with BP) was observed in LVEF Premature ventricular contraction prevalence decreased from a mean of 10,670.00 ± 12,595.39 SD or to a mean of 3,007.00 ± 3,216.63 SD PVC/24 h with BP (p<0.05). Regarding the hospital admission rate over 1 year, we observed a significant reduction from 60. To 16 admissions with BP (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with LBBB and severe heart failure experienced, with BP, a significant NYHA class and LVEF improvement. A reduction in the hospital admission rate and VA prevalence also occurred

Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before the Implantation of Pacemakers and Cardioverter-Defibrillators Results of a Large, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background-Although routinely administered, definitive evidence for the benefits of prophylactic antibiotics before the implantation of permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators from a large double-blinded placebo-controlled trial is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prophylactic antibiotic administration reduces the incidence of infection related to device implantation. Methods and Results-This double blinded study included 1000 consecutive patients who presented for primary device (Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators) implantation or generator replacement randomized in a 1:1 fashion to prophylactic antibiotics or placebo. Intravenous administration of I g of cefazolin (group 1) or placebo (group 2) was done immediately before the procedure. Follow-up was performed 10 days, 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The primary end point was any evidence of infection at the surgical incision (pulse generator pocket), or systemic infection related to be procedure. The safety committee interrupted the trial after 649 patients were enrolled due to a significant difference in favor of the antibiotic arm (group 1: 2 of 314 infected patients-0.63%; group 11: 11 of 335 to 3.28%; RR=0.19; P=0.016). The following risk factors were positively correlated with infection by univariate analysis: nonuse of preventive antibiotic (P=0.016); implant procedures (versus generator replacement: P=0.02); presence of postoperative hematoma (P=0.03) and procedure duration (P=0.009). Multivariable analysis identified nonuse of antibiotic (P=0.037) and postoperative hematoma (P=0.023) as independent predictors of infection. Conclusions-Anti biotic prophylaxis significantly reduces infectious complications in patients undergoing implantation of pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators. (Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2009;2:29-34.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy evaluated by myocardial scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-MIBI: changes in left ventricular uptake, dyssynchrony, and function

(99m)Tc-MIBI gated myocardial scintigraphy (GMS) evaluates myocyte integrity and perfusion, left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony and function. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may improve the clinical symptoms of heart failure (HF), but its benefits for LV function are less pronounced. We assessed whether changes in myocardial (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake after CRT are related to improvement in clinical symptoms, LV synchrony and performance, and whether GMS adds information for patient selection for CRT. A group of 30 patients with severe HF were prospectively studied before and 3 months after CRT. Variables analysed were HF functional class, QRS duration, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography, myocardial (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake, LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV), phase analysis LV dyssynchrony indices, and regional motion by GMS. After CRT, patients were divided into two groups according to improvement in LVEF: group 1 (12 patients) with increase in LVEF of 5 or more points, and group 2 (18 patients) without a significant increase. After CRT, both groups showed a significant improvement in HF functional class, reduced QRS width and increased septal wall (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake. Only group 1 showed favourable changes in EDV, ESV, LV dyssynchrony indices, and regional motion. Before CRT, EDV, and ESV were lower in group 1 than in group 2. Anterior and inferior wall (99m)Tc-MIBI uptakes were higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.05). EDV was the only independent predictor of an increase in LVEF (p=0.01). The optimal EDV cut-off point was 315 ml (sensitivity 89%, specificity 94%). The evaluation of EDV by GMS added information on patient selection for CRT. After CRT, LVEF increase occurred in hearts less dilated and with more normal (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake

Impact of diabetes mellitus on ischemic cardiomyopathy. Five-year follow-up. REVISION-DM trial

Abstract Background Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction have a worse survival prognosis than patients with preserved ventricular function. The role of diabetes in the long-term prognosis of this patient group is unknown. This study investigated whether the presence of diabetes has a long-term impact on left ventricular function. Methods Patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, or medical therapy alone were included. All patients had multivessel disease and left ventricular ejection fraction measurements. Overall mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and additional interventions were investigated. Results From January 2009 to January 2010, 918 consecutive patients were selected and followed until May 2015. They were separated into 4 groups: G1, 266 patients with diabetes and ventricular dysfunction; G2, 213 patients with diabetes without ventricular dysfunction; G3, 213 patients without diabetes and ventricular dysfunction; and G4, 226 patients without diabetes but with ventricular dysfunction. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, had a mortality rate of 21.6, 6.1, 4.2, and 10.6% (P < .001); nonfatal myocardial infarction of 5.3, .5, 7.0, and 2.6% (P < .001); stroke of .40, .45, .90, and .90% (P = NS); and additional intervention of 3.8, 11.7, 10.3, and 2.6% (P < .001). Conclusion In this sample, regardless of the treatment previously received patients with or without diabetes and preserved ventricular function experienced similar outcomes. However, patients with ventricular dysfunction had a worse prognosis compared with those with normal ventricular function; patients with diabetes had greater mortality than patients without diabetes. Trial registration http://www.controlled-trials.com. Registration Number: ISRCTN6606887