Investigation of the antifouling constituents from the brown alga <i>Sargassum muticum</i> (Yendo) Fensholt

One of the most promising alternatives to toxic heavy metal-based paints is offered by the development of antifouling coatings in which the active ingredients are compounds naturally occurring in marine organisms and operating as natural antisettlement agents. Sessile marine macroalgae are remarkably free from settlement by fouling organisms. They produce a wide variety of chemically active metabolites in their surroundings, potentially as an aid to protect themselves against other settling organisms. In this study, a dichloromethane extract from the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum was tested in situ and, after 2 months of immersion, showed less fouling organisms on paints in which the extract was included, compared to paints containing only copper after 2 months of immersion. No barnacles or mussels have been observed on the test rack. Identification by NMR and GC/MS of the effective compound revealed the abundance of palmitic acid, a commonly found fatty acid. Pure palmitic acid showed antibacterial activity at 44 A µg mL-1, and also inhibited the growth of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium at low concentration (EC50 = 45.5 A µg mL-1), and the germination of Ulva lactuca spores at 3 A µg mL-1. No cytotoxicity was highlighted, which is promising in the aim of the development of an environmentally friendly antifouling paint

Study of the prospects of population chipization for the digital economy and health care

The aim of the study - аssess the socio-economic efficiency of the use of microchipping of the population, including in the healthcare system.Цель исследования - оценить социально-экономическую эффективность применения чипирования населения, в том числе в системе здравоохранения

Features and prospects of development of a green economy in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

The article outlines the role of the green economy for preserving the well-being of modern society. The features of the manifestation of a green economy during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified, which have both positive and negative aspects. It is indicated that, in general, the pandemic crisis triggered structural and technological innovations and made a radical revolution in the perception of the green economy as a component of efficient energy use.В статье обозначена роль зеленой экономики для сохранения благополучия современного общества. Определены особенности проявления зеленой экономики в период пандемии COVID-19, которые имеют и положительные и отрицательные аспекты. Обозначено, что в целом, пандемический кризис явился триггером структурных и технологических новаций и совершил радикальный переворот восприятия зеленой экономки как составляющей эффективного использования энергии

ПОДГОТОВКА РЕЗЕРВА КАДРОВ В СИСТЕМЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The intensive reforming and restructuring of the economy requires considerable improvement of personnel quality, development of managerial competence of companies’ executives, and providing the personnel training in accordance with the objectives of the industry. Such training can be based on the intentionally designed programmes in the system of further training, which plays a major role in the lifelong professional learning of a person, ‘ensuring the compliance of his qualification with changing conditions of his professional activity and social environment’. The relevance of the research is concerned with the increased requirements of the users of educational services for the level and quality of professional training of modern specialists and future managers, with a trend towards the optimization of personnel potential in any sector of the economy. The paper investigates the managerial staff training based on competence-based approach. The author suggests the model of the personnel reserve training in the system of further training. The most efficient organizational and pedagogical conditions of the personnel reserve training, in particular, social partnership, methodological support and staffing are explored.Интенсивное реформирование и реструктуризация экономики страны требует осуществления качественного совершенствования кадрового состава, развития управленческой компетентности руководителя, подготовки резерва кадров в соответствии с целями и задачами отрасли. Такая подготовка возможна на основе специально разработанных программ, реализуемых в системе дополнительного профессионального образования (далее - ДПО), которое играет первостепенную роль в непрерывном профессиональном развитии человека, «обеспечении соответствия его квалификации меняющимся условиям профессиональной деятельности и социальной среды» [1]. Актуальность работы связана с возросшими требованиями заказчиков образовательных услуг к уровню и качеству повышения квалификации современных специалистов и будущих управленцев с тенденцией к оптимизации кадрового потенциала в любой отрасли экономики страны. В статье рассмотрены вопросы подготовки управленческих кадров в системе дополнительного профессионального образования на основе компетентностного подхода. Представлена модель подготовки резерва кадров в ДПО, определены организационно-педагогические условия подготовки резерва кадров, а именно: социальное партнерство, методическое обеспечение, кадровое обеспечение

Эксплуатационные свойства катализаторов неэкстракционной окислительной демеркаптанизации нефти и нефтяных фракций

The results of identification of the main operational properties of metallocomplex catalysts solutions for non-extractive oxidative sweetening of natural hydrocarbons and their products are provided in this article. These catalysts allow carrying out the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in hydrocarbon media directly. This method allows to exclude from the technological cycle the need to use large volumes of extracting agents (aqueous alkaline solutions), which greatly simplifies the purification technology and eliminates the stage of recycling sulfuralkaline waste. These catalysts are oxidizing systems, which can have a negative impact on their storage and use. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the influence of the synthesis conditions and the composition of the catalyst solution on viscosity, pour point, surface tension and corrosion properties. The impact of storage duration and its conditions on the catalysts activity in the oxidation of H2S and light mercaptans in oil and oil products was studied. The results showed that the catalytic systems based on copper salts and amino alcohols correspond to the requirements for industrial applications.В статье приведены экспериментальные результаты по определению основных эксплуатационных характеристик растворов металлокомплексных катализаторов неэкстракционной окислительной демеркаптанизации природных углеводородов и продуктов их переработки. Определено влияние режима синтеза и состава раствора катализатора на вязкость, температуру потери текучести, поверхностное натяжение и коррозионные свойства. Изучено влияние длительности и режимов хранения на активность катализаторов в реакции окисления сероводорода и легких меркаптанов (метил-, этилмеркаптан) в нефти и нефтепродуктах

Using microalgae in the circular economy to valorise anaerobic digestate::Challenges and Opportunities

Managing organic waste streams is a major challenge for the agricultural industry. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organicwastes is a preferred option in the waste management hierarchy, as this processcangenerate renewableenergy, reduce emissions from wastestorage, andproduce fertiliser material.However, Nitrate Vulnerable Zone legislation and seasonal restrictions can limit the use of digestate on agricultural land. In this paper we demonstrate the potential of cultivating microalgae on digestate as a feedstock, either directlyafter dilution, or indirectlyfromeffluent remaining after biofertiliser extraction. Resultant microalgal biomass can then be used to produce livestock feed, biofuel or for higher value bio-products. The approach could mitigate for possible regional excesses, and substitute conventional high-impactproducts with bio-resources, enhancing sustainability withinacircular economy. Recycling nutrients from digestate with algal technology is at an early stage. We present and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with developing this new technology

Evaluation of the long-term memory T cell in mice after immunization with a live tularemia vaccine

The vaccine strain F. tularensis 15 NIIEG induces long-lived cell-mediated immunity but exhibits a certain reactogenicity and genetic instability. Progress in development of a vaccine against tularemia has been limited by a lack of information regarding the mechanisms required to protect against this disease. The BALB/c mouse is the most commonly used animal to study tularemia due to its relatively low cost, well-characterized genetics, available immunological tools and mouse infection with virulent F. tularensis recapitulates human disease.CD4+ and CD8+T cells are known to be critical for the formation of protective immunity but the relative roles of memory T cell subpopulations in long lived protection against virulent strains of F. tularensis are not well established. We hypothesized that this immunity depends on central (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) T cells and their functional activity. In this study we have dissected the T cell immune response in BALB/c mice 30, 60 and 90 days after subcutaneous vaccination with 15 NIIEG.Multiparametric flow cytometry were used to characterize in vitro recall responses of splenocytes to F. tularensis antigen. TEM cells were identified as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L- and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L-, TCM cells as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L+ and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+, respectively. The functional activity of memory T cells was assessed by the following parameters: the level of expression of the activation marker CD69 and cytokine-producing activity by staining with the intracellular cytokines IFNg and TNFa.Thus, development of a long-lived vaccine directed against F. tularensis is dependent on identifying not only the correlates of immunity present early after vaccination, but also those that persist in the host after the effector phase has ended. The maintenance of long-term protective immunity initiated by vaccination with F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG has been shown to require the presence of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells producing IFNg and TNFa and expressing the activation marker CD69. A decrease in count and functional activity of CD8+TCM and CD8+TEM was detected in the long term after vaccination. The detected parameters of functional activity of memory T cells can be used as criteria for evaluation of protective immunity against virulent strains of F. tularensis

ADAPTIVE COGNITIVE PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Data from a comprehensive neuropsychological examination of children with intellectual disabilities are presented. A set of exercises to activate the cognitive and regulatory activity of students is proposed.Представлены данные комплексного нейропсихологического обследования детей с интеллектуальными нарушениями. Предложен комплекс упражнений для активизации когнитивно-регуляторной деятельности обучающихся

Эмпирический анализ дивидендной политики государственных и частных компаний в России

The ownership structure of large Russian companies is characterized by a high share of state participation, but the relationship of dividend policy with the ownership structure (public or private) is not defned. Statistical analysis of the Russian companies shows that this relationship exists and can be nonlinear. In the course of the regression analysis, the authors tested hypotheses about the existence of a negative relationship between the volume of dividends paid and the share of state participation. We use panel data from nonfnancial companies listed in the Moscow stock exchange from 2008 to 2016, who paid dividends during this period; 150 companies in total. Three specifcations were tested: the frst one uses the dividend payout ratio as a dependent variable; the second — the share of dividends in the free cash flow; the third has a quadratic form — the nonlinear dependence of dividend payout ratio and share of state participation. Control variables were based on life cycle theory. Testing has shown that in the linear form there is no statistically signifcant relationship between the indicators of dividend payouts and the share of state participation. We have shown that the relationship between the dividend payout ratio and the share of government participation is non-linear and has the form of an inverted u-shape parabola. For a low level of state participation the dependence is positive but for a high level of participation, it is negative. This result can be explained in the framework of the agency theory: a positive relationship indicates the use of dividend payouts to resolve the agency conflict; a negative — the concentration of money in the hands of managers due to minority shareholders weakness. Further development of the study may include the addition of institutional constraints to the model, as well as the expansion of the concept of the dividend policy outcome within the framework of the frm’s sustainable development theory.В управлении крупными российскими компаниями высока доля государственного участия, но при этом не определено влияние на дивидендную политику типа собственности (государственной или частной). Статистический анализ российских компаний показывает, что эта взаимосвязь может иметь нелинейный характер. В ходе регрессионного анализа протестированы гипотезы о существовании отрицательной связи размера выплат и доли государственного участия. В выборке представлены компании — плательщики дивидендов, акции которых котируются на Московской бирже с 2008 по 2016 г., сформирована панель для 150 компаний за 8 лет. Тестируются три спецификации: в первой используется коэффициент дивидендных выплат в качестве зависимой переменной, во второй — доля дивидендов в свободном денежном потоке, третья имеет квадратичную форму. Контрольные переменные основаны на теории жизненного цикла в определении дивидендной политики. Тестирование показало, что в линейной форме статистически значимой взаимосвязи между показателями дивидендных выплат и долей госучастия нет. Удалось доказать, что зависимость между коэффициентом дивидендных выплат и долей госучастия является нелинейной и имеет вид параболы с ветвями, направленными вниз. Для низкого уровня госучастия зависимость положительная, для высокого — отрицательная. Данный результат может быть объяснен в рамках агентской теории: положительная связь говорит об использовании дивидендных выплат для решения агентского конфликта, отрицательная — о концентрации денег в руках менеджеров в условиях отсутствия силы у миноритарных акционеров. Развитие исследования может быть связано с добавлением институциональных ограничений в модель, а также расширением понятия результата дивидендной политики в рамках теории устойчивого развития фирмы