Insomnia in untreated sleep apnea patients compared to controls.

Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often coexist, but the nature of their relationship is unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of initial and middle insomnia between OSA patients and controls from the general population as well as to study the influence of insomnia on sleepiness and quality of life in OSA patients. Two groups were compared, untreated OSA patients (n = 824) and controls ≥ 40 years from the general population in Iceland (n = 762). All subjects answered the same questionnaires on health and sleep and OSA patients underwent a sleep study. Altogether, 53% of controls were males compared to 81% of OSA patients. Difficulties maintaining sleep (DMS) were more common among men and women with OSA compared to the general population (52 versus 31% and 62 versus 31%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Difficulties initiating sleep (DIS) and DIS + DMS were more common among women with OSA compared to women without OSA. OSA patients with DMS were sleepier than patients without DMS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale: 12.2 versus 10.9, P < 0.001), while both DMS and DIS were related to lower quality of life in OSA patients as measured by the Short Form 12 (physical score 39 versus 42 and mental score 36 versus 41, P < 0.001). DIS and DMS were not related to OSA severity. Insomnia is common among OSA patients and has a negative influence on quality of life and sleepiness in this patient group. It is relevant to screen for insomnia among OSA patients and treat both conditions when they co-occur.NIH HL072067, HL09430

Commonwealth Government Printing Office, at the loading dock of their Wentworth Avenue, Giles Street temporary premises, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 1929 [picture] /

Title devised by cataloguer based on information from acquisition documentation.; Inscription: "Alex Collingridge, Photo, Canberra"--Lower right corner.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4083620

Limits of multipole pluricomplex Green functions

41 p., version 2. A section linking our notion of convergence to the topology of the Douady space has been added. Some typos have been correctedInternational audienceLet $S_epsilon$ be a set of $N$ points in a bounded hyperconvex domain in $C^n$, all tending to 0 as$epsilon$ tends to 0. To each set $S_epsilon$ we associate its vanishing ideal $I_epsilon$ and the pluricomplex Green function $G_epsilon$ with poles on the set. Suppose that, as $epsilon$ tends to 0, the vanishing ideals converge to $I$ (local uniform convergence, or equivalently convergence in the Douady space), and that $G_epsilon$ converges to $G$, locally uniformly away from the origin; then the length (i.e. codimension) of $I$ is equal to $N$ and $G ge G_I$. If the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of $I$ is strictly larger than $N$, then $G_epsilon$ cannot converge to $G_I$. Conversely, if the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of $I$ is equal to $N$, (we say that $I$ is a complete intersection ideal), then $G_epsilon$ does converge to $G_I$. We work out the case of three poles; when the directions defined by any two of the three points converge to limits which don't all coincide, there is convergence, but $G > G_I$