Experimental verification of an Oseen flow slender body theory

Consider uniform flow past four slender bodies with elliptical cross-section of constant ellipticity along the length of 0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.375, respectively, for each body. Here, ellipticity is defined as the ratio of the semiminor axis of the ellipse to the semimajor axis. The bodies have a pointed nose which gradually increases in cross-section with a radius of curvature 419mm to a mid-section which then remains constant up to a blunt end section with semimajor axis diameter 160 mm, the total length of all bodies being 800 mm. The bodies are side-mounted within a low-speed wind tunnel with an operational wind speed of the order 30ms−1. The side force (or lift) is measured within an angle of attack range of −3◦ to 3◦ such that the body is rotated about the major axis of the ellipse cross-section. The lift slope is determined for each body, and how it varies with ellipticity. It is found that this variance follows a straight line which steadily increases with increasing ellipticity. It is shown that this result is predicted by a recently developed Oseen flow slender body theory, and cannot be predicted by either inviscid flow slender body theory or viscous crossflow theories based upon the Allen and Perkins method

The choice to report cycling crashes in Denmark: The role of attitudes, norms and perceived difficulty

This study explores the behavioral factors underlying the reporting intentions of cycling accidents. The proposed analytical framework is an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), accounting for the linkage between attitudes and the perceived difficulties, in order to understand the barriers impeding cycling accident reporting intentions. The barriers consist of attitudes that accident reporting is useless, preference to allocate time to other activities, concerns about family distress and social image, distrust in the police, and medical consultation aversion. The framework was validated by means of a survey, which yielded 1,512 complete responses from cyclists. The estimated structural equation models revealed: (i) the perceived difficulties are related to reporting intentions, to attitudes that accident reporting is useless, and to the reference to allocate time to other activities; (ii) medical consultation aversion has a higher weight than distrust in the police in demotivating cycling accident reporting intentions; (iii) the latent factors are mainly related to the socio-economic characteristics and the characteristics of the last cycling accident; (iv) information provision regarding the societal benefits of accident reporting is important for increasing the reporting rate

Asymptotic Neutrality of Large-Z Ions

Let N(Z) denote the number of electrons that a nucleus of charge Z binds in nonrelativistic quantum theory. It is proved that (N(Z))/Z → 1 as Z → ∞. The Pauli principle plays a critical role

CoMET: A Mesquite package for comparing models of continuous character evolution on phylogenies

Continuously varying traits such as body size or gene expression level evolve during the history of species or gene lineages. To test hypotheses about the evolution of such traits, the maximum likelihood (ML) method is often used. Here we introduce CoMET (Continuous-character Model Evaluation and Testing), which is module for Mesquite that automates likelihood computations for nine different models of trait evolution. Due to its few restrictions on input data, CoMET is applicable to testing a wide range of character evolution hypotheses. The CoMET homepage, which links to freely available software and more detailed usage instructions, is located at http://www.lifesci.ucsb.edu/eemb/labs/oakley/software/comet.htm

Uniqueness of the ground state in the Feshbach renormalization analysis

In the operator theoretic renormalization analysis introduced by Bach, Froehlich, and Sigal we prove uniqueness of the ground state.Comment: 10 page

Expression of phosphorylcholine-specific B cells during murine development

The TEPC 15 (T15) clonotype, a putatively germline antibody specificity, does not appear in the neonatal B-cell repertoire until approximately 1 wk of age. This report extends this observation by the demonstration that (a) the T15 clonotype follows similar kinetics of appearance in germfree as well as conventionally-reared mice; (b) maternal influences and genetic background play a minor role in the development of the T15 clonotype since CBFI neonates raised by C57BL/6 or BALB/c mothers acquire the T15 clonotype at the same time in ontogeny as BALB/c neonates; (c) the lack of phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific B cells shortly after birth is reflected in a dearth of PC-binding cells in the neonate as well; and (d) no PC-specifc B cells are found in 19-day fetal liver or in bone marrow until 7 days of life, coincident with their appearance in the spleen. These findings, along with a previous report that PC-specific splenic B cells are tolerizable as late as day 10 after birth, confirm the invariant, late occurrence of the T15 clonotype and support a highly- ordered, rigorously predetermined mechanism for the acquisition of the B- cell repertoire. The results are discussed in light of other studies on the ontogeny of B-cell specificity, and in terms of the implications on the mechanism by which antibody diversity is generated

Introduction to the Special Issue on Large-Scale Visual Sensor Networks: Architectures and Applications

Large–scale visual sensor networks have become progressively an essential part of our daily lives underpinning many technological, financial, and social advancements today, with applications in smart cities, traffic monitoring, environmental pollution control, public safety, and crime prevention