Finding Sources of Synchronizationfree Slices in Perfectly Nested Loops

Algorithms, permitting us to find sources of synchronization-free slices of perfectly nested uniform and non-uniform loops, are presented. Sources extracted are to be used for creating synchronization-free-slices that can be executed independently preserving the lexicographic order of iterations in each slice. Our approach requires exact dependence analysis and based on operations on relations and sets. To describe and implement the algorithms, the dependence analysis by Pugh and Wonnacott was chosen where dependences are found in the form of tuple relations. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and verified by means of the Omega project software.Представлены алгоритмы, позволяющие находить несинхронизированные фрагменты, содержащие итерации полностью вложенных однородных и неоднородных циклов. Такие фрагменты могут выполняться независимо, сохраняя лексикографический порядок итераций в каждом фрагменте. Предложенный подход основан на операциях отношений и множеств и требует точного анализа зависимостей между операторами программы. Для описания и реализации алгоритмов выбран анализ зависимости по Пугу и Воннакоту, согласно которому зависимости отыскиваются в форме отношений кортежа. Описанные алгоритмы реализованы и верифицированы посредством программного пакета Omega project.Наведено алгоритми, що дозволяють знаходити несинхронізовані фрагменти, які вміщують ітерації повністю вкладених однорідних і неоднорідних циклів. Такі фрагменти можуть виконуватись незалежно, зберігаючи лексикографічний порядок ітерацій у кожному фрагменті. Запропонований підхід базується на операціях відношень та множин і потребує точного аналізу залежності між операторами програми. Для опису та реалізації алгоритмів обрано аналіз залежності по Пугу і Воннакоту, згідно з яким залежності знаходять у формі відношень кортежу. Описані алгоритми реалізовано і верифіковано за допомогою програмного пакета Omega project

Extracting Synchronization-free Slices in Perfectly Nested Loops

An algorithm, permitting us to extract iterations belonging to synchronization-free slices and to generate code enumerating sources of such slices and iterations of each slice in lexicographical order is presented. Synchronization-free slices can be executed independently preserving the lexicographic order of iterations in each slice. Our approach requires exact dependence analysis and based on operations on relations and sets. To describe and implement the algorithms, the dependence analysis by Pugh and Wonnacott was chosen where dependences are found in the form of tuple relations. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and verified by means of the Omega project software. Presburger arithmetic limitations are discussed. Results of experiments are presented. Tasks for future research are outlined.Представлен алгоритм, позволяющий выделить итерации, принадлежащие несинхронизированным фрагментам, и генерировать программу, перечисляющую источники таких фрагментов и итераций в каждом фрагменте в лексикографическом порядке. Несинхронизированные фрагменты могут выполняться независимо, сохраняя лексикографический порядок итераций в каждом фрагменте. Данный подход требует точного анализа зависимости и основан на операциях с отношениями и множествами. Для описания и реализации алгоритмов, выбран анализ зависимости по Пугу и Воннакоту, в котором найдены зависимости в форме отношений кортежа. Предложенные алгоритмы реализованы и верифицированы посредством программного пакета Омега. Представлены результаты экспериментов.Наведено алгоритм, що дозволяє виділити ітерації, які належать несинхронізованим фрагментaм, і генерувати програму, яка перелічує джерела таких фрагментів та ітерацій у кожному фрагменті в лексикографічному порядку. Несинхронізовані фрагменти можуть виконуватися незалежно, зберігаючи лексикографічний порядок ітерацій у кожному фрагменті. Даний підхід потребує точного аналізу залежності і базується на операціях з відношенням та множинами. Для описування та реалізації алгоритмів обрано аналіз залежності за Пуго та Воннакотом, у якому знайдено залежності у формі відношень кортежа. Запропоновані алгоритми реалізовано і верифіковано за допомогою програмного пакета Омега. Наведено результати експериментів

Towards integration of research and monitoring at forest ecosystems in Europe

Aim of study: The main aim of the work was to summarize availability, quality and comparability of on-going European Research and Monitoring Networks (ERMN), based on the results of a COST FP0903 Action questionnaire carried out in September 2010 and May 2012. Area of study: The COST Action FP0903 involves 29 European countries and 4 non-COST institutions from USA, Morocco and Tunisia. In this study, the total of 22 replies to the questionnaire from 18 countries were included. Materials and methods: Based on the feedback from the Action FP0903 countries, the most popular European Networks were identified. Thereafter, the access to the network database, available quality assurance/quality control procedures and publication were described. Finally, the so-called “Supersites” concept, defined as a “highly instrumented research infrastructure, for both research and monitoring of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions” was discussed. Main results: The result of the survey indicate that the vast majority of the Action FP0903 countries participate in the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forest (ICP Forest). The multi-disciplinary International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems (ICPIM) is the second most widespread forest programme. Research highlights: To fully understand biochemical cycles in forest ecosystems, long-term monitoring is needed. Hence, a network of “Supersites”, is proposed. The application of the above infrastructure can be an effective way to attain a better integration of research and monitoring networks at forest sites in Europ

The acquisition of Sign Language: The impact of phonetic complexity on phonology

Research into the effect of phonetic complexity on phonological acquisition has a long history in spoken languages. This paper considers the effect of phonetics on phonological development in a signed language. We report on an experiment in which nonword-repetition methodology was adapted so as to examine in a systematic way how phonetic complexity in two phonological parameters of signed languages — handshape and movement — affects the perception and articulation of signs. Ninety-one Deaf children aged 3–11 acquiring British Sign Language (BSL) and 46 hearing nonsigners aged 6–11 repeated a set of 40 nonsense signs. For Deaf children, repetition accuracy improved with age, correlated with wider BSL abilities, and was lowest for signs that were phonetically complex. Repetition accuracy was correlated with fine motor skills for the youngest children. Despite their lower repetition accuracy, the hearing group were similarly affected by phonetic complexity, suggesting that common visual and motoric factors are at play when processing linguistic information in the visuo-gestural modality

Projecting ocean acidification impacts for the Gulf of Maine to 2050: new tools and expectations

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Siedlecki, S. A., Salisbury, J., Gledhill, D. K., Bastidas, C., Meseck, S., McGarry, K., Hunt, C. W., Alexander, M., Lavoie, D., Wang, Z. A., Scott, J., Brady, D. C., Mlsna, I., Azetsu-Scott, K., Liberti, C. M., Melrose, D. C., White, M. M., Pershing, A., Vandemark, D., Townsend, D. W., Chen, C,. Mook, W., Morrison, R. Projecting ocean acidification impacts for the Gulf of Maine to 2050: new tools and expectations. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9(1), (2021): 00062, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00062.Ocean acidification (OA) is increasing predictably in the global ocean as rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to higher oceanic concentrations of inorganic carbon. The Gulf of Maine (GOM) is a seasonally varying region of confluence for many processes that further affect the carbonate system including freshwater influences and high productivity, particularly near the coast where local processes impart a strong influence. Two main regions within the GOM currently experience carbonate conditions that are suboptimal for many organisms—the nearshore and subsurface deep shelf. OA trends over the past 15 years have been masked in the GOM by recent warming and changes to the regional circulation that locally supply more Gulf Stream waters. The region is home to many commercially important shellfish that are vulnerable to OA conditions, as well as to the human populations whose dependence on shellfish species in the fishery has continued to increase over the past decade. Through a review of the sensitivity of the regional marine ecosystem inhabitants, we identified a critical threshold of 1.5 for the aragonite saturation state (Ωa). A combination of regional high-resolution simulations that include coastal processes were used to project OA conditions for the GOM into 2050. By 2050, the Ωa declines everywhere in the GOM with most pronounced impacts near the coast, in subsurface waters, and associated with freshening. Under the RCP 8.5 projected climate scenario, the entire GOM will experience conditions below the critical Ωa threshold of 1.5 for most of the year by 2050. Despite these declines, the projected warming in the GOM imparts a partial compensatory effect to Ωa by elevating saturation states considerably above what would result from acidification alone and preserving some important fisheries locations, including much of Georges Bank, above the critical threshold.This research was financially supported by the Major Special Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC020600), the Young Scholars Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (2018033), and the Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Projects of Lanzhou (2018-RC-84)

Texture classification of proteins using support vector machines and bio-inspired metaheuristics

6th International Joint Conference, BIOSTEC 2013, Barcelona, Spain, February 11-14, 2013[Abstract] In this paper, a novel classification method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis images is presented. Such a method uses textural features obtained by means of a feature selection process for whose implementation we compare Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization. Then, the selected features, among which the most decisive and representative ones appear to be those related to the second order co-occurrence matrix, are used as inputs for a Support Vector Machine. The accuracy of the proposed method is around 94 %, a statistically better performance than the classification based on the entire feature set. This classification step can be very useful for discarding over-segmented areas after a protein segmentation or identification process

How Can Selection of Biologically Inspired Features Improve the Performance of a Robust Object Recognition Model?

Humans can effectively and swiftly recognize objects in complex natural scenes. This outstanding ability has motivated many computational object recognition models. Most of these models try to emulate the behavior of this remarkable system. The human visual system hierarchically recognizes objects in several processing stages. Along these stages a set of features with increasing complexity is extracted by different parts of visual system. Elementary features like bars and edges are processed in earlier levels of visual pathway and as far as one goes upper in this pathway more complex features will be spotted. It is an important interrogation in the field of visual processing to see which features of an object are selected and represented by the visual cortex. To address this issue, we extended a hierarchical model, which is motivated by biology, for different object recognition tasks. In this model, a set of object parts, named patches, extracted in the intermediate stages. These object parts are used for training procedure in the model and have an important role in object recognition. These patches are selected indiscriminately from different positions of an image and this can lead to the extraction of non-discriminating patches which eventually may reduce the performance. In the proposed model we used an evolutionary algorithm approach to select a set of informative patches. Our reported results indicate that these patches are more informative than usual random patches. We demonstrate the strength of the proposed model on a range of object recognition tasks. The proposed model outperforms the original model in diverse object recognition tasks. It can be seen from the experiments that selected features are generally particular parts of target images. Our results suggest that selected features which are parts of target objects provide an efficient set for robust object recognition

Dimensionality and measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Norway

Purpose Results from previous studies examining the dimensionality and factorial invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) are inconsistent and often based on small samples. This study examines the factorial structure and factorial invariance of the SWLS in a Norwegian sample. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis (AMOS) was conducted to explore dimensionality and test for measurement invariance in factor structure, factor loadings, intercepts, and residual variance across gender and four age groups in a large (N = 4,984), nationally representative sample of Norwegian men and women (15–79 years). Results The data supported a modified unidimensional structure. Factor loadings could be constrained to equality between the sexes, indicating metric invariance between genders. Further testing indicated invariance also at the strong and strict levels, thus allowing analyses involving group means. The SWLS was shown to be sensitive to age, however, at the strong and strict levels of invariance testing. Conclusion In conclusion, the results in this Norwegian study seem to confirm that a unidimensional structure is acceptable, but that a modified single-factor model with correlations between error terms of items 4 and 5 is preferred. Additionally, comparisons may be made between the genders. Caution must be exerted when comparing age groups

HAX-1 overexpression, splicing and cellular localization in tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HAX-1 has been described as a protein potentially involved in carcinogenesis and especially metastasis. Its involvement in regulation of apoptosis and cell migration along with some data indicating its overexpression in cancer cell lines and tumors suggests that HAX-1 may play a role in neoplastic transformation. Here we present the first systematic analysis of HAX-1 expression in several solid tumors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using quantitative RT-PCR, we have determined the mRNA levels of <it>HAX1 </it>splice variant I in several solid tumors. We have also analyzed by semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR the expression of five <it>HAX-1 </it>splice variants in breast cancer samples and in normal tissue from the same individuals. Quantitative PCR was also employed to analyze the effect of estrogen on <it>HAX1 </it>expression in breast cancer cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis of HAX-1 was performed on normal and breast cancer samples.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results reveal statistically important <it>HAX1 </it>up-regulation in breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma, along with some minor variations in the splicing pattern. HAX-1 up-regulation in breast cancer samples was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis, which also revealed an intriguing HAX-1 localization in the nuclei of the tumor cells, associated with strong ER status.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HAX-1 elevated levels in cancer tissues point to its involvement in neoplastic transformation, especially in breast cancer. The connection between HAX-1 nuclear location and ER status in breast cancer samples remains to be clarified.</p