Quark and gluon jet properties at LEP

The study of the differences of the fragmentation of quarks and gluons to jets of hadrons gives insight into the fundamental structure of QCD. Results from different approaches to properties of quarks and gluons are shown. The colour factor ratio $C_A/C_F$ is measured in agreement with the QCD prediction. Identified particles in quark and gluon jets are investigated, revealing no overproduction of isoscalar $\eta^0$ and $\phi(1020)$ in gluon jets, but an excess of protons.Comment: Submitted to the proceedings of the XXIX International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD99), Providence, 6 pages including 6 figures Version 2 with additional reference

NSI-1 Squib adapter development and final test report for usage on space shuttle gas sampler valve/bottle assembly 3270

The possibility of utilizing the NSI-1 squib in place cartridge assembly 2270 for the function of both events required for the Space Shuttle Gas Sampler Valve/Bottle Assembly 3270 was determined. Additionally, it was a requirement that the closure disk of the NSI-1 squib and explosive residue therefrom be retained from the valve cavity in so far as possible to prevent any significant particulate from scratching the valve bore and causing sample leakage following the postfire 2 event

Four Budget Deficit Theories in One Model

The analysis of many budget deficit theories is too demanding for undergraduate students. This paper illustrates governments' incentives to create budget deficits by means of a simple graphical model. It integrates four budget deficit theories: The theory of the state as Leviathan, two different strategic deficit theories, and the theory of tax competition. These theories are embedded into an illustrative example of political competition between a conservative party and a liberal party. The main pedagogical benefits of the model are its intuitive setup and its waiver of demanding analysis.budget deficit, public debt, teaching, macroeconomics instruction

Using Past Surveys of Attitudes to Predict Current U.S. Military Retention

Retaining qualified active duty members in the military is an essential mission for DoD. This research presents findings on the relationship between an active duty member’s plans to stay on active duty (as indicated on a survey) and the member\u27s actual retention behavior in the U.S. military two and four years later. Retention plans, as measured on the DoD’s Status of Forces Surveys, have often been interpreted as an indicator of subsequent retention behavior, but the relationship between survey responses and actual retention behavior has not been verified using actual retention data. This study seeks to examine this relationship. Further, in cases in which a service member indicated high retention plans, but did not remain in the Military, it may be valuable to explore factors that have led to this change. Recent transactional data of U.S. military separation codes was restructured among time dimensions and military rank criteria and compared against prior survey data measuring retention plans. Employing weighted logistic regression analyses, retention plans were used to predict a dichotomous outcome of actual retention behavior (i.e., “retained” or “left”). Moreover, predicted probabilities were used to show how actual retention behavior varies as members indicate higher and lower levels of plans to remain on active duty. Analyses showed that an active duty member’s plans to stay on active duty had a positive relationship with actual retention behavior two years later and a stronger relationship four years later. Chief among the findings were that Marine Corps members and junior enlisted member were less likely than members in other Services and paygrades to remain in the Military after two and four years. However, the relationship between retention plans and actual retention behavior was stronger among these subpopulations (Marines, junior enlisted) than members in other Service and paygrades. This research is part of a larger body of on-going research that seeks to implement data wrangling techniques to merge survey data with transactional administrative data, augmenting the use of survey items in predicting retention outcomes. Future research will focus on identifying factors related to a Service member indicating high retention plans but separating from the Military (i.e., those who, at one point, intended to stay, but separated 2-4 years later). Findings may support the Department of Defense in tailoring its policies and programs (i.e., promotional opportunities, family policy, etc.) to better support retention