Structural basis for PPARγ transactivation by endocrine-disrupting organotin compounds

Harada, S., Hiromori, Y., Nakamura, S. et al. Structural basis for PPARγ transactivation by endocrine-disrupting organotin compounds. Sci Rep 5, 8520 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08520

GaN-based MIS-HEMTs with Al2O3 dielectric deposited by low-cost and environmental-friendly mist-CVD technique

We report on the fabrication and characterization of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors and high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) using a 5 nm thick Al2O3 dielectric deposited by cost-effective and environmental-friendly mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) technique. Practically hysteresis-free capacitance–voltage profiles were obtained from the fabricated two-terminal MIS-capacitors indicating high quality of the mist-Al2O3/AlGaN interface. Compared with reference Schottky-gate HEMTs, mist MIS-HEMTs exhibited much improved performance including higher drain current on-to-off ratio, much lower gate leakage current in both forward and reverse directions and lower subthreshold swing. These results demonstrate the potential and viability of non-vacuum mist-CVD Al2O3 in the development of high-performance GaN-based MIS-HEMTs

Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck with Endometriosis: Right-Side Dominance Confirmed by Literature Review and Statistical Analysis

Introduction. The canal of Nuck is an embryological remnant of the peritoneal pouch that extends into the labium majus of women. Hydrocele is the most common presentation, but only a small number of cases are reported in association with endometriosis. Case Presentation. The patient is a 45-year-old woman who presented with left inguinal mass with persistent pain. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 30 mm cystic mass, and a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck (HCN) was suspected. The excised mass was a cyst containing yellow-tan serous fluid, and the cyst wall was lined by mesothelium. The morphology was consistent with conventional HCN. However, since several foci of endometrial-like epithelium and stroma were identified beneath the mesothelium, the mass was diagnosed with HCN with endometriosis (EM-HCN). Discussion. Right-side dominance of EM-HCN is suggested by several authors, but a thorough review has never been performed. For the first time, we reviewed the literature and statistically confirmed that EM-HCNs dominantly occur on the right side compared to those without endometriosis. We consider that this supports the theory that endometriosis derives from retrograde menstruation of endometrial tissue through fallopian tubes. When endometriosis is discovered in HCN, the clinician should be aware of the possibility of pelvic endometriosis

Dysgerminoma with Estrogen-Producing Functioning Stroma Presenting Precocious Puberty

Dysgerminoma is a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor, and unlike sex-cord stromal tumors, endocrine manifestation is considered rare. Here, we report the first case of dysgerminoma presenting precocious puberty. The patient is a 7-year-old girl who presented with a breast development in Tanner stage 3. Serum estradiol (E2) was markedly elevated while luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were suppressed below the detection limit. Microscopically, the right ovarian mass displayed nests of large polygonal cells and fibrous septa which were focally concentrated by theca-like plump spindle cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the spindle cells expressed various steroidogenic enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis including P450 aromatase. The tumor was diagnosed with pure dysgerminoma with estrogen-producing functioning stroma. After the operation, serum E2 declined below the detection limit; LH and FSH returned within the normal range. This case demonstrates that even a conventional dysgerminoma can present endocrine manifestation through functioning stroma