The morphology of early towns in Malay Peninsula

Malay Peninsula has a very compelling socio geographical, cultural history and town setting comprises historical sites, fortress and early towns that has formed an evolution of the urban sprawl. The history of the early towns on the Malay Peninsula goes as far back as the beginning of the ancient Malay kingdom of Lembah Bujang and Langkasuka; and maybe far before that period. Early Malay towns in Malay Peninsula (currently known as Peninsular Malaysia) have unique characteristics in terms of architecture urban form and history. The morphology study of towns in Malay Peninsula have found characteristics of urban form and setting dating from 5000 BC maybe earlier to 19th century may be classified into four phases of pre-modern settlements cycles. This research employs qualitative approach that encompasses of literature review of scholarly articles and reports, in-depth interview and structured observation. Based on the historical and physical evidences that are still exist, thirteen (13) early town will be selected as a study area. This paper present the finding of urban morphology and characteristic in a chronicle of urban form and setting in the Malay Peninsula dating from 5000 BC up to the 19th century

Definition and physical attributes that characterise settings of Malay Royal towns in Malaysia

Malay Royal towns in Malaysia are the finest examples evolution of early Malay towns dating from the 16th century. However the identity and characteristic of Malay Royal towns is still unclear and continuously been threatened from tremendous changes due to rapid industrialisation, economic development and urbanisation. The extensive urbanisation and rapid development occurring in most of historical towns have significantly eroded the identity, sense of place and physical attributes of the Malay Royal Town. Besides monuments and sites, the scope of this research also covers all properties which are of historic and cultural significance. This research employs qualitative approach that encompasses of literature review of scholarly articles and reports, indepth interview and structured observation. Based on the historical and physical evidences that are still exist, 9 historical town that gazated as Malay Royal town will be selected as a preliminary study and 5 historical towns will be selected as study area namely; Anak Bukit, Kota Bharu, Seri Menanti, Klang and Kuala Terengganu. The findings gathered from this research too is deemed a comprehensive understanding of attributes of the royal Malay town and further may help in strengthening the Malaysia history

Brain-based learning in design and visual arts education: a bibliometric assessment of Scopus indexed literature [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]

Background: This study aims to critically review, quantify, and assess research outcomes on brain-based learning with an evidence-based study on Scopus indexed literature, with a focus to understand the evolution structure and growth, detect trends, subject development, and most importantly, identify the gaps in the published body of literature that relates brain-based learning to design and visual arts education. Methods: Various scientometric tools were used to map, visualize, and analyze 186 research publications, indexed in Scopus in a twenty-year timespan ‘2001-2021’. Annual publication trends, relevant sources, prolific authors, authorship patterns, productive organizations and countries, funding agencies, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and thematic evolution mapping on brain-based learning publications were examined in this study. Results: Despite the significance to apply brain-based learning strategies in design and visual arts education to boost students’ knowledge and creative skills, the findings show a decline in quantities and growth patterns in brain-based learning research directed towards design disciplines in the past twenty years. Among the identified (186) documents published in (128) sources, with (1013) citations, the study detected only (57) research (30%) that were related to ‘design education,’ including those focusing on ‘instructional design, ‘and ‘syllabus design’ whereas only (3) articles were in ‘design and visual arts’ disciplines. Conclusion: These rather small numbers reflect the big gap in the current body of literature that associates brain-based learning with creativity-based disciplines, specifically in design and visual arts education. This infers the necessity to direct the attention of academics, researchers, and educationalists in the fields of design and arts towards brain-based learning applications, research and pedagogy

A20, a modulator of smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, prevents and induces regression of neointimal hyperplasia

A20 is a NF‐κB‐dependent gene that has dual anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions in endothelial cells (EC). The function of A20 in smooth muscle cells (SMC) is unknown. We demonstrate that A20 is induced in SMC in response to inflammatory stimuli and serves an anti‐inflammatory function via blockade of NF‐κB and NF‐κB‐dependent proteins ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1. A20 inhibits SMC proliferation via increased expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. Surprisingly, A20 sensitizes SMC to cytokine‐ and Fas‐mediated apoptosis through a novel NO‐dependent mechanism. In vivo, adenoviral delivery of A20 to medial rat carotid artery SMC after balloon angioplasty prevents neointimal hyperplasia by blocking SMC proliferation and accelerating re‐endothelialization, without causing apoptosis. However, expression of A20 in established neointimal lesions leads to their regression through increased apoptosis. This is the first demonstration that A20 exerts two levels of control of vascular remodeling and healing. A20 prevents neointimal hyperplasia through combined anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative functions in medial SMC. If SMC evade this first barrier and neointima is formed, A20 has a therapeutic potential by uniquely sensitizing neointimal SMC to apoptosis. A20‐based therapies hold promise for the prevention and treatment of neointimal disease.—Patel, V. I., Daniel, S., Longo, C. R., Shrikhande, G. V., Scali, S. T., Czismadia, E., Groft, C. M., Shukri, T., Motley‐Dore, C., Ramsey, H. E., Fisher, M. D., Grey, S. T., Arvelo, M. B., Ferran, C. A20, a modulator of smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, prevents and induces regression of neointimal hyperplasia. FASEB J. 20, 1418–1430 (2006)Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154452/1/fsb2fj054981com.pd

Hygiene logistics practices in osman goat farm at kangkar tebrau

Hygiene in food preparation for Muslim consumer is the same as Halal requirements. The contradicting term of halal is haram or non-halal. Halal is associated with the concept of hygiene because of what is permitted in Islam is related with human health (www.hdcglobal.com). As an example, a dead but non-slaughtered animal is normally associated with a disease. Most diseases originated or carried in the animal's blood. Therefore, slaughtering is mandatory to ensure the blood is completely out from the animal's body, thus minimizing the chance of microbial infection. Lack of awareness the hygiene logistics practices in animal farms results in unhealthy and dangerous consumption of meat and animals to be eaten. Thus, this research is trying to study the hygiene logistics practice in Osman Goat Farm at Kangkar Tebrau as one of the largest farm managed by Muslim in Johor. This study uses qualitative method by interviewing the authorized person to ensure that hygiene logistics practiced has been done. Semi structured interview and participation observation has been used as the study instrument to gain data. Case study has been used as the method of analysis by triangulation data between the interview and observations. Interview was conducted with the authorized person such as Mr. Osman who is the director and Mr. Supri who is his supervisor. The study found that Osman Goat Farm has implemented most of the requirement of halal logistics. Hygiene logistics aspects in this study consists of storage, processing, packaging, handling, and transportation. Osman Goat Farm had implied all the hygiene logistics practices measured. Surrounding factors such as the farm location, which is near to schools and residents area allows Osman Goat farm to implements hygiene logistics practices very well. This study recommends an innovation in storage system especially the food container and drink for the goat. The innovation also includes new waste management design system as issued in chapter 4. These solutions can be the benchmark or design of hygiene logistics practices of goat farming industries in Malaysia

Main structural targets for engineering lipase substrate specificity

Microbial lipases represent one of the most important groups of biotechnological biocatalysts. However, the high-level production of lipases requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gene expression, folding, and secretion processes. Stable, selective, and productive lipase is essential for modern chemical industries, as most lipases cannot work in different process conditions. However, the screening and isolation of a new lipase with desired and specific properties would be time consuming, and costly, so researchers typically modify an available lipase with a certain potential for minimizing cost. Improving enzyme properties is associated with altering the enzymatic structure by changing one or several amino acids in the protein sequence. This review detailed the main sources, classification, structural properties, and mutagenic approaches, such as rational design (site direct mutagenesis, iterative saturation mutagenesis) and direct evolution (error prone PCR, DNA shuffling), for achieving modification goals. Here, both techniques were reviewed, with different results for lipase engineering, with a particular focus on improving or changing lipase specificity. Changing the amino acid sequences of the binding pocket or lid region of the lipase led to remarkable enzyme substrate specificity and enantioselectivity improvement. Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the appropriate methods to alter the enzyme sequence, as compared to random mutagenesis, such as error-prone PCR. This contribution has summarized and evaluated several experimental studies on modifying the substrate specificity of lipase

СИМПТОМАТИКА И ЦИСТОСКОПИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА У ЖЕНЩИН С СИНДРОМОМ БОЛЕЗНЕННОГО МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

Introduction. The relevance of the problem is in high incidence of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and a significant effect on the quality of life of patients.The objective of the research is to study the relationship between clinical manifestations and the cystoscopic pattern in women with BPS.Materials and methods. The results of a survey of 61 women with BPS aged 39 to 68 years are presented. The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed using a PUF questionnaire, a visual analogue pain scale and diaries of urination. All patients underwent cystoscopy after a preliminary hydrodistension of the bladder. Depending on the severity of the clinical manifestations of BPS all patients were divided into 3 groups.Results. Patients with more severe symptoms of BPS experienced more pronounced changes in the bladder during cystoscopy. Thus, the Gunner lesions were detected only in patients of the 3rd group with the most severe clinical symptoms and in none of the patients of the 1st (mild degree) and the 2 nd group (moderate degree). At the same time, none of the patients of the 3rd group had cystoscopy with normal cystoscopic pattern.Conclusions. The results of the study showed a correlation between the clinical manifestations of BPS in women and the changes in the bladder detected in cystoscopy after bladder hydrodistension.Введение. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена высокой частотой синдрома болезненного мочевого пузыря (СБМП) и существенным его влиянием на качество жизни больных.Цель исследования – изучить связь между клиническими проявлениями и цистоскопической картиной у женщин с СБМП.Материал и методы. Представлены результаты обследования 61 женщины с СБМП в возрасте от 39 до 68 лет. Выраженность клинической симптоматики оценивали с помощью опросника PUF, визуальной аналоговой шкалы боли и дневников мочеиспускания. Всем пациентам выполняли цистоскопию после предварительной гидродистензии мочевого пузыря.Результаты исследования. Выявлена зависимость между интенсивностью основных симптомов СБМП и выраженностью изменений в мочевом пузыре по данным цистоскопии. Гуннеровские поражения мочевого пузыря были выявлены только у больных с наиболее выраженной клинической симптоматикой (3-я группа) и ни у одного из больных с легкой (1-я группа) и умеренной (2-я группа) симптоматикой. При этом ни у одного больного 3-й группы при цистоскопии не было нормальной цистоскопической картины.Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования показали наличие связи между клиническими проявлениями СБМП у женщин и изменениями в стенке мочевого пузыря, выявляемыми при цистоскопии

Description of Goussia kuehae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch)(Perciformes: Latidae), cultured in Malaysian fish farms

Culturing fishes in marine cages is a rapidly developing area of marine aquaculture. The Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) is a fast growing good quality fish that is readily cultured in intensive systems in the South Asian region and in Malaysia in particular. Although several papers have been published to date on viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal organisms causing diseases in the Asian seabass, the occurrence of a coccidian infection in this species has only recently been recorded. We collected sporulated and unsporulated oo¨cysts of a new species of Goussia Labbe´, 1986, from the mucus covering the epithelium of the intestine of L. calcarifer. This paper provides a description of Goussia kuehae n. sp. Sporulated oo¨cysts of this species are ellipsoidal, 37–40 lm in length and 28–30 lm in width. The ellipsoidal sporocysts are relatively small, 15.2–17 9 5.7–8 lm, and located loosely in the oo¨cyst. There are residual bodies both in the oo¨cysts and the sporocysts. Goussia kuehae n. sp. differs from all known species of Goussia in the large size of the oo¨cysts and in having two types of oo¨cyst residuum

Epidemiological study of prevalence of erectile dysfunction in the Russian Federation

In order to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and other disorders of sexual function of men in the Russian Federation conducted an anonymous survey of 1400men. The study involved seven centers located in the most densely populated regions: the Volga region, North-West region, Siberia, the Urals, Central and South regions. Were analyzed 1225 questionnaires. The article presents the statistical results of the survey. Conducted its first large-scale study of the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Russia.С целью изучения распространенности эректильной дисфункции и других нарушений сексуальной функции мужчин в Российской федерации проведено анонимное анкетирование 1400 мужчин. В исследовании приняли участие 7 центров, расположенные в наиболее густонаселенных регионах: Поволжье, Северо-Запад, Сибирь, Урал, Центр, Юг. Анализу были подвергнуты 1225 анкет. В статье представлены статистические результаты анкетирования. Проведено первое в России масштабное изучение распространённости эректильной дисфункции

Predicting youth participation in urban agriculture in Malaysia: insights from the theory of planned behavior and the functional approach to volunteer motivation

This study examines factors associated with the decision of Malaysian youth to participate in a voluntary urban agriculture program. Urban agriculture has generated significant interest in developing countries to address concerns over food security, growing urbanization and employment. While an abundance of data shows attracting the participation of young people in traditional agriculture has become a challenge for many countries, few empirical studies have been conducted on youth motivation to participate in urban agriculture programs, particularly in non-Western settings. Drawing on the theories of planned behavior and the functional approach to volunteer motivation, we surveyed 890 students from a public university in Malaysia about their intention to join a new urban agriculture program. Hierarchical regression findings indicated that the strongest predictor of participation was students’ attitude toward urban agriculture, followed by subjective norms, career motives and perceived barriers to participation. The findings from this study may provide useful information to the university program planners in Malaysia in identifying mechanisms for future students’ involvement in the program