Eye-tracking system-based evaluation of orthodontists’ and patients’ visual attention to facial features before and after orthognathic surgery treatment

This research aims to determine the differences between the patient and orthodontist in terms of their visual attention using an eye-tracking system-based evaluation system for assessing facial features before and post orthognathic surgery. The participants included patients who underwent orthognathic treatment （n＝26; mean age, 26.04±6.6 years） at the Showa University Dental Hospital and orthodontists with ≥5 years of experience at our department （n＝10, mean age, 31.4±2.2 years）. Visual attention was assessed using an eyeglass-type device （eye tracker）. Facial photographs of each patient, both frontal and side views, were shown on a monitor to the patients and orthodontists, and their respective visual attention was comparatively assessed. SPSS Statistics 25 was used for the study data statistical analysis. The results were contrasted between the patients and the orthodontists using a linear mixed model, with photographs labeled with the same number serving as repeat factors. Total fixation analysis demonstrated that patients focused more on the lower face postoperatively （P＝0.044）, while orthodontists focused more on the entire face both postoperative and preoperatively. The postoperative findings also demonstrated significant differences in many areas. There was a significant difference in how orthodontists and patients examined the face. This study found differences in visual attention between patients and orthodontists when they examined facial features before and after orthognathic surgery

Improved sensitivity of magnetic measurements under high pressure in miniature ceramic anvil cell for a commercial SQUID magnetometer

Two modifications have been made to a miniature ceramic anvil high pressure cell (mCAC) designed for magnetic measurements at pressures up to 12.6 GPa in a commercial superconducting quantum interference (SQUID) magnetometer [N. Tateiwa et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 053906 (2011)., ibid. 83, 053906 (2012)]. Replacing the Cu-Be piston in the former mCAC with a composite piston composed of the Cu-Be and ceramic cylinders reduces the background magnetization significantly smaller at low temperatures, enabling more precise magnetic measurements at low temperatures. A second modification to the mCAC is the utilization of a ceramic anvil with a hollow in the center of the culet surface. High pressures up to 5 GPa were generated with the "cupped ceramic anvil" with the culet size of 1.0 mm.Comment: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 046105 (2013

Itinerant U 5f band states in the layered compound UFeGa5 observed by soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments on paramagnetic UFeGa5 using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation (hn=500eV) and derived the bulk- and U 5f-sensitive electronic structure of UFeGa5. Although the agreement between the experimental band structure and the LDA calculation treating U 5f electrons as being itinerant is qualitative, the morphology of the Fermi surface is well explained by the calculation, suggesting that the U 5f states can be essentially understood within the itinerant-electron model.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figur

Whole-exome sequencing analysis of supernumerary teeth occurrence in Japanese individuals

A common disorder of human dentition is the existence of supernumerary teeth. Impacted supernumerary teeth occur most frequently in the maxillary incisor area and are termed mesiodens. We conducted whole-exome sequencing of non-syndromic Japanese individuals possessing supernumerary teeth to identify genes and/or loci involved in the pathogenesis of the condition

Direct observation of quasi-particle band in CeIrIn5_5: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study

We have performed a high-resolution angle resolved Ce 4$d-4f$ resonant photoemission experiment on the heavy fermion superconductor CeIrIn$_5$. We have observed a quasi-particle band which has an energy dispersion of $\sim 30$ meV in the Ce 4$f$ on-resonance spectra. The result suggests that although the 4$f$ spectra are dominated by the localized/correlated character, the small itinerant component is responsible for the superconductivity in this compound.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

A New Intraoral Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Jaw Movement Tracking Method Using Magnetic Fingerprints

We proposed a novel jaw movement tracking method that can measure in six degrees of freedom. The magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet paired with a small, low-power-consumption Hall effect magnetic sensor is used to estimate the relative distance between two objects—in this instance, the lower and upper jaws. By installing a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) orientation sensor in the device, we developed a mouthpiece-type sensing device that can measure voluntary mandibular movements in three-dimensional orientation and position. An evaluation of individuals wearing this device demonstrated its ability to measure mandibular movement with an accuracy of approximately 3 mm. Using the movement recording feature with six degrees of freedom also enabled the evaluation of an individual’s jaw movements over time in three dimensions. In this method, all sensors are built onto the mouthpiece and the sensing is completed in the oral cavity. It does not require the fixation of a large-scale device to the head or of a jig to the teeth, unlike existing mandibular movement tracking devices. These novel features are expected to increase the accessibility of routine measurements of natural jaw movement, unrestricted by an individual’s physiological movement and posture

The role of polymorphisms associated with early tooth eruption in dental and occlusal traits in East Asian populations

Objective: A recent study suggested that rs6504340, a polymorphism within the homeobox B (HOXB) gene cluster, is associated with the susceptibility for malocclusions in Europeans. The resulting malocclusions require orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs6504340 and other dentition-implicated polymorphisms with dental and occlusal traits in Korean and Japanese populations. Methods: The study participants included 223 unrelated Koreans from the Busan area and 256 unrelated Japanese individuals from the Tokyo metropolitan area. DNA samples were extracted from saliva specimens. Genotyping for rs6504340 and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been shown to be associated with the timing of first tooth eruption and the number of teeth at 1 year of age (rs10506525, rs1956529, rs9674544, and rs8079702) was performed using TaqMan assays. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), overjet, overbite, arch length discrepancy, crown sizes, and length and width of the dental arches were measured. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate relationships between rs6504340 and these dental/occlusal traits. Results: We evaluated the aesthetic components and dental health components of the IOTN in the Korean and Japanese populations and found that neither rs6504340 nor the other four SNPs showed any association with dental and occlusal traits in these East Asian populations. Conclusions: These negative results suggest that further research is needed to identify the genetic determinants of malocclusions in order to reach a consensus

Comprehensive genetic exploration of selective tooth agenesis of mandibular incisors by exome sequencing

Tooth agenesis is described as the absence of one or more teeth. It is caused by a failure in tooth development and is one of the most common human developmental anomalies. We herein report genomic analyses of selective mandibular incisor agenesis (SMIA) using exome sequencing. Two Japanese families with SMIA were subjected to exome sequencing, and family with sequence similarity 65 member A (FAM65), nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 (NFATC3) and cadherin-related 23 gene (CDH23) were detected. In the follow-up study, 51 Japanese and 32 Korean sporadic patients with SMIA were subjected to exome analyses, and 18 reported variants in PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, WNT10A, BMP2 and GREM2 and 27 variants of FAM65, NFATC3 and CDH23 were found in 38 patients. Our comprehensive genetic study of SMIA will pave the way for a full understanding of the genetic etiology of SMIA and provide targets for treatment