Winter wheat ear counting based on improved YOLOv7x and Kalman filter tracking algorithm with video streaming

Accurate and real-time field wheat ear counting is of great significance for wheat yield prediction, genetic breeding and optimized planting management. In order to realize wheat ear detection and counting under the large-resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) video, Space to depth (SPD) module was added to the deep learning model YOLOv7x. The Normalized Gaussian Wasserstein Distance (NWD) Loss function is designed to create a new detection model YOLOv7xSPD. The precision, recall, F1 score and AP of the model on the test set are 95.85%, 94.71%, 95.28%, and 94.99%, respectively. The AP value is 1.67% higher than that of YOLOv7x, and 10.41%, 39.32%, 2.96%, and 0.22% higher than that of Faster RCNN, SSD, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv7. YOLOv7xSPD is combined with the Kalman filter tracking and the Hungarian matching algorithm to establish a wheat ear counting model with the video flow, called YOLOv7xSPD Counter, which can realize real-time counting of wheat ears in the field. In the video with a resolution of 3840×2160, the detection frame rate of YOLOv7xSPD Counter is about 5.5FPS. The counting results are highly correlated with the ground truth number (R2 = 0.99), and can provide model basis for wheat yield prediction, genetic breeding and optimized planting management

Middle Jurassic ooidal ironstones (southern Tibet): Formation processes and implications for the paleoceanography of eastern Neo-Tethys

The major facies changes documented in shallow-marine sediments of the northern Indian passive margin of Neo-Tethys throughout the Jurassic, from widespread platform carbonates in the Early Jurassic to organic-rich black shales in the Late Jurassic, imply a substantial turnover in oceanic conditions. All along the Tethys (Tibetan) Himalaya, from the Zanskar Range to southern Tibet, a peculiar interval characterized by ooidal ironstones of Dingjie Formation (Ferruginous Oolite Formation, FOF) marks the base of the organic-rich Spiti Shale. This laterally-extensive ooidal ironstone interval is a fundamental testimony of the mechanisms that led to major paleoceanographic changes that occurred in the eastern Neo-Tethys during the Middle Jurassic. In this article, we illustrate in detail the petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of ooidal ironstones and the major element contents of the entire Lanongla section. The FOF is characterized by significantly high contents of Fe2O3 (56.80% ± 9.07%, n = 7) and P2O5 (1.72% ± 1.19%, n = 7). In contrast, the Fe2O3 and P2O5 contents average 3.58% and 0.15% in the overlain carbonates of Lanongla Fm., and 5.55% and 0.16% in the overlying Spiti Shale. The ooidal ironstones are mainly composed of iron ooids with a few quartz grains and bioclasts cemented by sparry calcite. The iron ooids consist of concentric dark layers of francolite (carbonate fluorapatite), hence enriched in Ca, P, and F, and bright layers of chamosite, enriched in Fe, Si, Al, and Mg. Precipitation of francolite ensued from oversaturation of phosphorous ascribed to intensified upwelling, high biogenous productivity, and degradation of organic matter, whereas the formation of chamosite reflects enhanced continental weathering and erosion leading to increased Fe input to the ocean during transgressive stages characterized by low sedimentation rate and scarce oxygenation at the seafloor. Modern upwelling zones in outer shelf or slope areas perform similar geochemical characteristics to those as observed in this study. Under the Mesozoic greenhouse background, fluctuating redox conditions induced the alternate growth of francolite under anoxic conditions and of chamosite under suboxic conditions. Ooids were thus formed on the seafloor during continued resuspension and vertical oscillations of the chemocline rather than from interstitial waters after burial. The mineralogy of iron ooids indicates mainly reducing conditions in the water column, suggesting that extensive upwelling along the continental margin of eastern Neo-Tethys contributed significantly to the transition from carbonate deposits to organic-rich black shales during the Jurassic, as testified by the transition from well-oxygenated in Lanongla Fm. To a reduceing condition in Spiti Shale indicated by the Mn/Al ratios compared to PAAS

Non-invasive detection of lymphoma with circulating tumor DNA features and protein tumor markers

BackgroundAccording to GLOBOCAN 2020, lymphoma ranked as the 9th most common cancer and the 12th leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on the invasive excisional lymph node biopsy, which is an invasive approach with some limitations. Most lymphoma patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage since they are asymptomatic at the beginning, which has significantly impacted treatment efficacy and prognosis of the disease.MethodThis study assessed the performance and utility of a newly developed blood-based assay (SeekInCare) for lymphoma early detection. SeekInCare utilized protein tumor markers and a comprehensive set of cancer-associated genomic features, including copy number aberration (CNA), fragment size (FS), end motif, and lymphoma-related virus, which were profiled by shallow WGS of cfDNA.ResultsProtein marker CA125 could be used for lymphoma detection independent of gender, and the sensitivity was 27.8% at specificity of 98.0%. After integrating these multi-dimensional features, 77.8% sensitivity was achieved at specificity of 98.0%, while its NPV and PPV were both more than 92% for lymphoma detection. The sensitivity of early-stage (I-II) lymphoma was up to 51.3% (47.4% and 55.0% for stage I and II respectively). After 2 cycles of treatment, the molecular response of SeekInCare was correlated with the clinical outcome.ConclusionIn summary, a blood-based assay can be an alternative to detect lymphoma with adequate performance. This approach becomes particularly valuable in cases where obtaining tissue biopsy is difficult to obtain or inconclusive

Investigation of Groove Shape Variation during Steel Sheave Spinning

Large sheaves, such as crosshead sheaves, are foundation parts in the heavy industry. Counter-roller spinning steel sheaves are utilized to replace traditional casting iron parts. Few studies exist on the groove shape of these spinning sheaves. Consequently, it is significant to explore the spinning groove shape variation rule and confirm the appropriate spinning parameters. Both experimental and numerical methods were utilized to study the groove shape variation of Q235 steel sheaves and their results were well matched. Spring-back phenomena were considered in this study. The groove depth was lower than the spinning depth and the last formed groove was the deepest. The former groove depth would be affected by the adjacent following spinning process. The single groove spinning result was linearly dependent on the multiple spinning groove depth. Certain equations were used to calculate the groove depth. The bottom–middle–top spinning sequence, which was better than other spinning sequences, should be used in the sheave spinning method. A sheave spinning process could be designed based on the study to obtain a fine groove shape

A new device for liver cancer biomarker detection with high accuracy

A novel cantilever array-based bio-sensor was batch-fabricated with IC compatible MEMS technology for precise liver cancer bio-marker detection. A micro-cavity was designed in the free end of the cantilever for local antibody-immobilization, thus adsorption of the cancer biomarker is localized in the micro-cavity, and the adsorption-induced k variation can be dramatically reduced with comparison to that caused by adsorption of the whole lever. The cantilever is pizeoelectrically driven into vibration which is pizeoresistively sensed by Wheatstone bridge. These structural features offer several advantages: high sensitivity, high throughput, high mass detection accuracy, and small volume. In addition, an analytical model has been established to eliminate the effect of adsorption-induced lever stiffness change and has been applied to precise mass detection of cancer biomarker AFP, the detected AFP antigen mass (7.6 pg/ml) is quite close to the calculated one (5.5 pg/ml), two orders of magnitude better than the value by the fully antibody-immobilized cantilever sensor. These approaches will promote real application of the cantilever sensors in early diagnosis of cancer

Preparation and Performance Characterization of Warm-Mix Rejuvenated Bioasphalt

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material is generally under a large amount of aged asphalt coated on the surface of the aggregates, which often limits its (RAP) wide application. Bioasphalt is a renewable material with constituent components that are comparable to regular petroleum asphalt and has the potential to rejuvenate the performance of the aged asphalt in RAP materials. In this laboratory study, the optimum bioasphalt dosage for rejuvenating and optimizing warm-mix rejuvenated bioasphalt (WBA) performance, in the presence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and naphthenic oil additives, was investigated. The laboratory test results of the single-factor and orthogonal experiment indicated that the optimal dosage of bioasphalt in WBA was 30% at 4% SBS and 10% naphthenic oil, respectively. The test results further indicated that the WBA’s ductility properties were highly responsive to the bioasphalt dosage. Naphthenic oil, on the other hand, had the greatest impact on the WBA fluidity. Likewise, the Brookfield viscosity experimentation showed that the fluidity of WBA and aged asphalt with different contents at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%, respectively, satisfactorily met the Chinese construction requirements. The adhesion test indicated excellent adhesion and good moisture stability properties for WBA. The resultant PG grades of WBA blended with 40% and 70% aged asphalt were PG 64-34 and PG 70-22, respectively. Microstructure and surface morphology analysis showed carbonyl absorption peaks with high rejuvenation and surface-crack repair potential for the WBA over the control asphalt that was evaluated in the study

Influence of Coal Mining on Historical Buildings: Case Study in Shanxi

Numerous historical buildings exist in Shanxi Province, a major coal producing area in China, so there exist many overlapping areas between ancient wooden buildings and coal mining. Coal mining in overlapping areas will lead to surface subsidence, which will have an impact on historical buildings. Based on the distribution of historical buildings and the distribution and mining of coal resources in Shanxi Province, this paper concludes that the overlapping areas of coal mining and ancient wooden buildings in Shanxi Province are mainly concentrated in Changzhi City, and the Lu’an mining area in Changzhi City is selected as the research object. In addition, using the gray correlation analysis method, the surface subsidence coefficient, which characterizes the intensity of mining subsidence, is used as the reference sequence. Seven factors selected from the geological conditions and mining conditions of the Lu’an mining area are used as the comparison sequence to calculate the gray correlation between each influencing factor and the surface subsidence coefficient, and to obtain that geological factors such as the nature of the overlying rock layer, bedrock thickness and dip angle of the coal seam, and mining factors such as mining height, average mining depth and working face size largely determine the surface subsidence coefficient. The surface subsidence in the overlap area could largely be influenced by geological factors such as the nature of the overlying rock layer, bedrock thickness and coal seam inclination, and mining factors such as mining height, average mining depth and working face size. Finally, we investigate the possible effects of surface subsidence on ancient wooden buildings in the overlapping area with the surface subsidence and formation mechanism and propose technical measures to reduce the effects of surface subsidence due to coal mining on historical buildings in the overlapping area

Fabrication of Multifunctional Composites with Hydrophobicity, High Thermal Conductivity and Wear Resistance Based on Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composites

The design and preparation of hydrophobic, wear-resistant, and thermally conductive multifunctional composites is an important direction of scientific research and application. In this study, A-CF/EP/FEP composites were prepared by incorporating APDMS-modified carbon felt (A-CF) into an epoxy resin (EP) and fluorinated ethylene propylene resin (FEP) mixed resin. The low surface energy of FEP, good adhesion of EP, and the supporting of carbon felt framework endow the A-CF/EP/FEP composites with hydrophobicity, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity at the same time. Firstly, the water contact angle (WCA) of A-CF/EP/FEP composites with 20 wt% FEP reaches 109.9 ± 2.6°, and the WCAs of all composites with different FEP contents (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) is greater than 90°, indicating the composites have a hydrophobic surface. Secondly, the A-CF/EP/FEP composites have high wear resistance and maintain long-term hydrophobicity after tribological tests, because the residual debris and nanoparticles generated by external loading adhere to the friction interface, regenerating the microstructure of the hydrophobic surface. Finally, the A-CF/EP/FEP composites have high thermal conductivity up to 0.38 W/(m·K), which is 1.81 and 2.0 times that of pure EP and EP/FEP composites, respectively. This is because a relatively complete heat conduction network is formed after the addition of A-CF to the composites. The synergy among epoxy resin, FEP, and the A-CF filler plays a particularly important role in constructing hydrophobic surfaces and improving wear resistance and thermal conductivity. The EP enhances adhesion, the FEP supplies low surface energy, and the A-CF framework improves the wear resistance of A-CF/EP/FEP composites. This work provides ideas for the design and preparation of multifunctional composites and will underlie the application of high-performance epoxy resin and its composites