Data_Sheet_1_The effect of COVID-19 risk perception on pro-environmental behavior of Chinese consumers: Perspectives from affective event theory.docx

IntroductionCOVID-19 has altered human cognition and changed the cultural values of society. However, there has not been much debate among scholars about whether these above changes have led to an increase in pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of Chinese consumers.MethodsA comprehensive model was developed based on affective event theory. An online questionnaire was distributed, and 501 usable questionnaires were collected. In addition, two complementary approaches were employed: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA).ResultsThe PLS-SEM results showed that COVID-19 risk perception, nostalgia, the awe of nature, and attitude were found to have a positive effect on PEB; and the moderating effect of power distance belief (PD) between nostalgia (NO), attitude (AT) and PEB was confirmed. According to the NCA results, AT and NO are necessary conditions for the PEB of consumers.DiscussionThis study provides deeper insight into the understanding of consumers’ pro-environmental behavior in the context of COVID-19 through the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA.</p

Lignin Valorization through Thermochemical Conversion: Comparison of Hardwood, Softwood and Herbaceous Lignin

In the present study, milled wood lignin (MWL) and organosolv lignin isolated from red oak (hardwood), loblolly pine (softwood) and corn stover (herbaceous biomass) were characterized by TGA, elemental analyzer, GPC, FTIR, 2D-HSQC NMR, and then pyrolyzed in the absence and presence of a zeolite catalyst. For all three biomass species, organosolv lignins contained fewer volatiles in comparison to the corresponding MWLs. Red oak lignin was affected most by the organosolv process, evident by the greatest decrease in volatile content and increase in carbon content of the organosolv lignin. Compared to the corresponding MWLs, organosolv lignins produced more char and less phenolic oil upon pyrolysis. Organosolv lignins also convert to catalytic coke and light hydrocarbons in higher selectivity in comparison to the MWLs during catalytic pyrolysis. When pyrolyzed, corn stover MWL produced 16.26% of phenolic monomers, which is a significantly higher yield compared to 8.61% from red oak MWL and 9.51% from loblolly pine MWL. During catalytic pyrolysis, corn stover lignins also produced higher yields of aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison to red oak or loblolly pine derived lignins. Overall, corn stover lignin had the highest potential for volatilization because it retains highly branched polymer structure enriched in tricin, ferulate and coumarate groups

Cholesterol Oxidase/Triton X‑100 Parked Microelectrodes for the Detection of Cholesterol in Plasma Membrane at Single Cells

The classic electrochemical analysis of plasma membrane cholesterol at single cells utilizes a cholesterol oxidase modified microelectrode that oxidizes local cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane to generate hydrogen peroxide for the electrochemical quantification. In this letter, a mixture of cholesterol oxidase and Triton X-100 was filled in the microcapillary that could park at the Pt layer coated tip due to slow hydrodynamic flow. During the contact of the tip with the cellular membrane, Triton X-100 at the tip permeabilized the contacted membrane to release cholesterol for the reaction with cholesterol oxidase. As compared with the linkage of cholesterol oxidase at the electrode surface, the oxidase parked in aqueous solution at the tip had a higher turnover rate resulting in larger electrochemical signal for single cell analysis. More charge collected at acyl-coA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibited cells supported that this novel detection strategy could monitor the flunctation of membrane cholesterol at single cells. The successful detection of plasma membrane cholesterol at single cells using the oxidase parked microelectrode will provide a special strategy for the fabrication of biosensor that permits the integration of more molecules without functional groups at the electrode to measure active and inactive molecules in the plasma membrane. Moreover, the larger electrochemical signals collected could further increase the spatial resolution for single cell electrochemical analysis

The mechanical hypergravity device.

<p>(A) Two horizontal rotors were made to fit the 6-well culture plates. Each rotor can also carry 2 culture flasks or 6 separated culture dishes. (B) Isometric view of the centrifuge. (C) A diagram showed the experimental setup. The control cells were placed on the top of the centrifuge and the hypergravity-treated cells were put in the rotors of the centrifuge. The centrifuge was placed in an incubator at 37°C. Thermometers were used to measure the temperature inside the centrifuge and near the control cells.</p

Exclusion of participants recruited from towns or villages.

Exclusion of participants recruited from towns or villages.</p

Survey questionnaire.

BackgroundE-health has the potential to promote health accessibility, performance and cost-saving. However, the adoption and penetration of e-health in underprivileged areas remains insufficient. We aim to investigate patients’ and doctors’ perception, acceptance, and utilization of e-health in a rural, spatially isolated and poverty-stricken county in southwestern China.MethodsA retrospective analysis based on a cross-sectional survey of patients and doctors in 2016 was conducted. Participants were recruited through convenience and purposive sampling, and questionnaires were self-designed and validated by investigators. The utilization, intention to use and preference of four e-health services were evaluated, including e-appointment, e-consultation, online drug purchase, and telemedicine. Predictors of utilization and intention to use e-health services were investigated by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 485 patients were included. The utilization rate of any type of e-health services was 29.9%, ranging from 6% in telemedicine to 18% in e-consultation. Additionally, 13.9%-30.3% of respondents as non-users revealed their willingness to use such services. Users and potential users of e-health services were inclined to specialized care from county, city or province hospitals, and they were most concerned with the quality, ease of use and price of e-health service. Patients’ utilization and intention to use e-health could be associated with education and income level, cohabitants, working location, previous medical utilization, and access to digital device and internet. There remained 53.9%-78.3% of respondents reluctant to use e-health services, mainly due to perceived inability to use them. Of 212 doctors, 58% and 28% had provided online consultation and telemedicine before, and over 80% of county-hospital doctors (including actual providers) indicated their willingness to provide such services. Reliability, quality and ease of use were doctors’ major concerns regarding e-health. Doctors’ actual provision of e-health was predicted by their professional title, number of years in work, satisfaction with the wage incentive system, and self-rated health. Nevertheless, their willingness to adopt was only associated with the possession of smartphone.ConclusionsE-health is still in its infancy in western and rural China, where health resources are most scarce, and where e-health could prove most beneficial. Our study reveals the wide gaps between patients’ low usage and their certain willingness to use e-health, as well as gaps between patients’ moderate attention to use and physician’s high preparedness to adopt e-health. Patients’ and doctors’ perceptions, needs, expectations, and concerns should be recognized and considered to promote the development of e-health in these underprivileged regions.</div

Patients’ utilization of and intention to use e-health service.

Patients’ utilization of and intention to use e-health service.</p

Doctors’ provision of and intention to use e-health service.

Doctors’ provision of and intention to use e-health service.</p

Concerned factors associated with provision and intention to adopt e-health service among doctors.

Concerned factors associated with provision and intention to adopt e-health service among doctors.</p

Basic characteristics of doctors.

BackgroundE-health has the potential to promote health accessibility, performance and cost-saving. However, the adoption and penetration of e-health in underprivileged areas remains insufficient. We aim to investigate patients’ and doctors’ perception, acceptance, and utilization of e-health in a rural, spatially isolated and poverty-stricken county in southwestern China.MethodsA retrospective analysis based on a cross-sectional survey of patients and doctors in 2016 was conducted. Participants were recruited through convenience and purposive sampling, and questionnaires were self-designed and validated by investigators. The utilization, intention to use and preference of four e-health services were evaluated, including e-appointment, e-consultation, online drug purchase, and telemedicine. Predictors of utilization and intention to use e-health services were investigated by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 485 patients were included. The utilization rate of any type of e-health services was 29.9%, ranging from 6% in telemedicine to 18% in e-consultation. Additionally, 13.9%-30.3% of respondents as non-users revealed their willingness to use such services. Users and potential users of e-health services were inclined to specialized care from county, city or province hospitals, and they were most concerned with the quality, ease of use and price of e-health service. Patients’ utilization and intention to use e-health could be associated with education and income level, cohabitants, working location, previous medical utilization, and access to digital device and internet. There remained 53.9%-78.3% of respondents reluctant to use e-health services, mainly due to perceived inability to use them. Of 212 doctors, 58% and 28% had provided online consultation and telemedicine before, and over 80% of county-hospital doctors (including actual providers) indicated their willingness to provide such services. Reliability, quality and ease of use were doctors’ major concerns regarding e-health. Doctors’ actual provision of e-health was predicted by their professional title, number of years in work, satisfaction with the wage incentive system, and self-rated health. Nevertheless, their willingness to adopt was only associated with the possession of smartphone.ConclusionsE-health is still in its infancy in western and rural China, where health resources are most scarce, and where e-health could prove most beneficial. Our study reveals the wide gaps between patients’ low usage and their certain willingness to use e-health, as well as gaps between patients’ moderate attention to use and physician’s high preparedness to adopt e-health. Patients’ and doctors’ perceptions, needs, expectations, and concerns should be recognized and considered to promote the development of e-health in these underprivileged regions.</div