Theory of twisted nonuniformly heated bars

Nonlineary distributed stresses in twisted nonuniformly heated bars of arbitrary cross section are calculated taking into account various elasticity parameters. The approximate theory is shown to be sufficiently general and accurate by comparison with experimental data

Let\u27s Not Eat Alone: A Search for Food Security Justice

The food justice movement has taken off in recent years. Despite its call for justice in the food system, it has been critiqued as being inaccessible to people who need food the most. The food system marginalizes women, minorities, and low-income people, making these groups the most at risk for food insecurity. Solutions to food insecurity come from both government and non-governmental avenues. This thesis calls for a merger of solutions to food insecurity and food justice in food security justice, and assesses the ability of solutions to food insecurity to confront issues of injustice. Community-based solutions currently have the potential to address issues of justice, as well as providing added benefits of promoting community cohesion and creating new economic spaces. Through a simulation of the SNAP budget and an exploration of the narrative between gang violence and food insecurity in Los Angeles, the necessity for solutions to food insecurity to address justice is established

The Impact of State-Level Naloxone Access Policies on Opioid Related Mortality and Admissions

Opioids, both prescription painkillers and illegal drugs, were responsible for over 33,000 deaths in the United States during 2015. Naloxone treatment to combat opioid overdoses has been used in hospital settings for decades, and during recent years legislation has expanded training and distribution to first aid responders and high risk groups. Several studies have projected the efficacy of community-based opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) and prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), but few have examined state naloxone access policies. This paper investigates the impact of three state policies – non-patient specific prescriptions, third-party prescriptions, and layperson legal immunity when administering naloxone – on reducing opioid related mortality and treatment admissions. Data is collected from the National Center for Health Statistics, SAMHSA, the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), Legal Science database, and the Behavior Risk Surveillance System. A difference-in-difference method has been adopted. I find that from 1999 until 2017, naloxone access policies, especially non-patient specific prescriptions, have increased opioid mortality and admissions. Issues of moral hazard and policy endogeneity indicate that these results may not be reliable

Healthcare Reform Proves Difficult at State Level

The final report of the Maine Health Care Reform Commission (MHCRC) was submitted to Governor Angus King in November, 1995. Given the complexity of what we call the healthcare system as well as the moving targets of federal and state incentives for reform, the report accomplished a great deal in a short period of time. Commission members were mandated to offer a single payer universal coverage bill, a multiple payer universal coverage bill, and a bill to achieve reform through incremental changes to the existing system, emphasizing cost containment, managed care, and improved access. The commission was also mandated to cost out its recommendations Reactions to the MHCRC report were invited from individuals who represent constituencies which often have an influential role in healthcare. Five commentaries address pros and cons of particular elements of the commission’s report. Elizabeth O. Shorr, Blue Cross and Blue Shield, provides a third-party payer perspective in her commentary

Evaluation of the Immigrant Rights Portfolio Strategy (20152020): Summary Report

Since the late 1980s, many policymakers and members of the American public have viewed enforcement as the principal tool of the United States immigration system, either to deter migrants from coming to the country without papers or to punish immigrants who (intentionally or unintentionally) fail to comply with immigration law. As a result, hundreds of thousands of immigrants are arrested and placed in deportation proceedings, or otherwise removed from the U.S., with a disproportionate impact on Black immigrants.Before we launched our strategy in 2015, we listened closely to our grantees whose constituents were directly affected by detentions and deportations that persisted despite policymakers' avowed support for immigrants. Recognizing that immigrants' needs for family unity and an end to harsh enforcement were unlikely to be met through comprehensive immigration reform in Congress, the Immigrant Rights portfolio focused on supporting advocates working on enforcement reform and their goals. In making this commitment, Ford was the first major U.S. philanthropy to establish ending harsh enforcement as a principal focus of its immigrant rights strategy.Over a matter of five years, we invested nearly $118 million in organizations working to achieve changes in advocacy and policy, build the field, and shift the narrative around immigrants. This included approximately$43 million invested through our BUILD initiative and approximately $23 million distributed through our 2020 Social Justice Bond. We provided general support to organizations representing immigrants directly impacted by harsh enforcement, as well as to longstanding grantees who were using litigation, mobilization, advocacy, and communications as tactics that reinforced one another. Other funding helped the movement confront strategic gaps and challenges, draw on expert advice, bring organizations together for collaborative learning, and strengthen philanthropic partnerships.In the fall of 2020, we partnered with consultants Kathleen Sullivan and David Shorr to evaluate this strategy, deepen our learning, and make informed decisions on where to focus moving forward. The evaluation concluded in spring 2021

Open Source Mapping to improve data sharing: Environmental Response Management Application

The Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA®) is an online mapping tool that integrates both static and real-time data, such as Environmental Sensitivity Index maps, ship locations, weather, and ocean currents, in a centralized, easy-to-use format for environmental responders and decision makers. ERMA enables a user to quickly and securely upload, transform export, and display spatial data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) map. This allows for high-impact and fine-resolution visualization of data for solving complex environmental response and resource issues. ERMA was used to support the USCG’s “Arctic Shield” drill, September 2013. Through this exercise, ERMA was able to incorporate onboard ship information, field-collected data, photos, sensor data and other scientific input collected during the USCG Cutter HEALY cruise. The exercise has broad applicability and identified challenges for spills in remote locations as well as for processing data-intense sensor information. The presentation will focus on data sharing and collaborations in the Salish Sea

Understanding cost-effectiveness

AbstractHealthcare delivery in the USA and abroad has changed dramatically over the last several decades. Along with the growth in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, the costs of healthcare have escalated out of proportion relative to other aspects of the economy. This growth has fostered careful scrutiny of both the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery. Because of this emphasis on the economics of healthcare, physicians require an understanding not only of the efficacy and clinical utility of their interventions, but also of the relative value in an economic sense of their efforts. In other words, physicians in the modern era must now appreciate the concept of cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness and cost–utility analyses are critical evaluative tools. Explicit data on comparative cost-effectiveness are useful for allocating the increasingly stretched healthcare resources. This article provides a primer for understanding the methods and applications of cost-effectiveness and cost–utility analyses