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Not AvailableThe present study describes the annual condition as well the length–weight (LWR) of the Asian striped catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794), an important fishery by the village poor Anglers. A total of 119 specimens (7.0–8.8 cm standard length, 8.0–10.9 cm total length) used in this study was caught with traditional fishing gear from July 2009 to August 2009. Overall, the allometric coefficient ‘b’ of the LWR was close to the isometric value (b = 2.88). The results further indicated that the LWRs were highly correlated (r2 = 0.826296, P < 0.01). The aim of the present paper was to carry out the comprehensive description of the LWRs and condition of the M. vittatus. In conclusion, this study has provided basic information on LWR, and condition. These results will be useful for fishery biologists and managers to impose adequate regulations for sustainable fishery management in the non-drainable ponds in India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe larvae of catfish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 15 ± 2 mg) were exposed to five concentrations of thyroxine (T4) with three feeding regimes. Five media 1.3 mcg L−1 (T-1), 2.2 mcg L−1 (T-2), 3.6 mcg L−1 (T-3), 6.0 mcg L−1 (T-4), 10.0 mcg L−1 (T-5) of T4 and control with three feeding regimes 1 day (once a day), 2 days (twice a day) and 3 days (thrice a day) were maintained in triplicate set in 54, troughs containing 2-L water. The larvae reared in media (T1, T2, T-3, T-4 & T-5) with feeding regimes 1 day, 2 days & 3 days showed 100 % survival which was significantly high (p < 0.05) in comparison to control (60.5 ± 0.7, 64.5 ± 0.7 and 71.0 ± 1.4 % respectively with regimes 1 day, 2 days and 3 days). Net gain in biomass was found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in feeding regimes 3 days (C, 244.7 %; T-1, 305.7 %; T-2, 217.5 %; T-3, 369.9 %; T-4, 371.4 %; T-5, 298.3 %) and 2 days (C, 146.5 %; T-1, 186.6 %; T-2, 122.7 %; T-3, 243.6 %, T-4, 200 %, T5, 123.4 %) in comparison to 1 day. The synergistic effects of T4, feeding regimes and their interaction evaluated through two-way ANOVA. The color of the fish-body was more darker in the case of experimental fishes in comparison to the control groups. The findings suggest that thyroxine enriched ambient water and feeding regimes had a significant role in improved survival and growth on C. batrachus larvae, a prioritized fish for aquaculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 12- week feeding trials was conducted to evaluate the use of animal and plant protein, in combination with Glucosamine source for Asian Catfish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.009 to 2.6+0.03 g). This study was performed to evaluate the effect on fish growth performance by replacing animal protein with vegetable protein sources. In experiment, six (37.40 to 43.52 % crude protein, 16.15 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 3.33 to 6.69%) practical diets were formulated. The animal and plant protein component of the diets was progressively added with glucosamine 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0% with fish meal, silkworm pupae, soybean meal and casein (F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG 50:50:0.5; F-5, PAG 50:50:5.0; F-6, PAG 50:50:10.0). The experimental moist diets were fed to triplicate groups of fingerlings at 10% of body weight and results were compared with control feed. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of catfish, fed diets with animal protein are better than those of plant protein supplemented feeds. After 12-week study the final weight gain recorded as 18.6g, 19.7g, 19.9g, 14.6g, 14.9g, 13.9g and 13.1g in F1 to F6 and in control fed fishes respectively. The percentage weight gain among the animal protein group (F-1, F2, F-3) were recorded as 615.4%, 756.5% and 804.5%, respectively. And the percentage weight gain in 50% replaced feeds (F-4, PAG 50:50:0.5; F-5, PAG 50:50:5.0; F-6, PAG 50:50:10.0), recorded as 563.6%, 547.8% and 479.2% respectively whereas in control it was 403.8%. The results suggests that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best percentage weight gain (p<0.05) recorded in the feed F3, incorporated with 10% glucosamine (804.5%). The FCR were of the diets along with glucosamine in animal protein content has better growth performances ranged between 1.56 ± 0.03 to 1.90 ± 0.04. The survival was recorded in F1 to F6 as 88 ± 2.4%, 83 ± 2.3%, 76% ± 3.4, 74 ± 4.4%, 71 ± 2.8% and 76 ± 4.7% respectively and in control it is recorded as 68 ± 2.7%. The Hepatosomatic and Viscerosomatic indices ranged between 0.67 ± 0.03 to 1.94 ± 0.19 and 1.90 ± 0.02 to 3.17 ± 0.2 respectively in F1 to F7. The feed efficiency in terms of feed conversion ratio recorded as 1.56 ± 0.03 to 1.90 ± 0.04 among all the feeding trials. The findings shows that feed F3, containing 100% animal protein with 10% glucosamine is performed best. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets (Artemia nauplii) for Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus. And to assess the potential for replacing animal protein with soybean meal in the diets of fish need more evaluation along with synergistic approach of incorporating glucosamine.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 84-days long experiment was conducted with a view to observe the effects of different feeds on growth and survival of Clarias batrachus grow-out. There were seven treatments (FISOL, BETAL, SOYAL, LINOL, MIXOL, SATOL and NATFO) containing Fish oil, Beef tallow, Soybean oil, Linseed oil, Mixed oil (i.e. containing in 1:1:1:1 ratio of Fish oil, Beef tallow, Soybean oil, Linseed oil), Vegetable oil and minced chicken meat as natural food, respectively, each having three replications, stocked with 30 grow-out having an initial average weight 55.83 + 3.14 in a circular plastic pools (capacity 300 L). The six feeds were formulated with basic ingredients (Soybean meal, 35%; soluble starch, 29%; Casein, 19.5%; carboxy - methyl - cellulose, 2%; papain, 0.5%; vitamin and mineral mix, 4.0%) with iso-energetic (19.55 kJ/g, F1-F6 ) diets and results were compared with natural food fed fishes. Each diet was hand fed two times daily for 84-days to duplicate homogenous groups of 30 fish. The fishes fed with live chicken waste showed significantly poor results (p > 0.05) in terms of weight gain and Specific Growth Rate (SGR%) compared to the rest six treatments. The survival was recorded as 100% in all the treatments. Results showed that the growth performance significantly (p < 0.05) different with various lipid of animal and plant origin. At the end of the 84-days study the highest weight gain % was recorded in LINOL (F4) as 105.1%. For other treatment weight gain was recorded as 40.3%, 75.4%, 25.6%, 60.2%, 37.0%, and 44.1%for FISOL, BETAL, SOYAL, MIXOL, SATOL and NATFO respectively. The feed efficiency in terms of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) recorded as 2.46 to 3.22 among all the feeding trials. It could be concluded, based on the results of this trial, that a diet formulated with a gross energy of 19.55kJ/g is sufficient to promote better feed efficiency and growth performance in C. batrachus grow-out however, the best growth was recorded in linseed oil (LINOL) followed by BETAL and MIXOL.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDifferent fats in the diets were used to examine their impact on the fatty acid profile of asian catfish(Clarias batrachus) on feeding the diets for 12-weeks. There were seven treatments (FISOL, BETAL, SOYAL, LINOL, MIXOL, SATOL and NATFO containing Fish oil, Beef tallow, Soybean oil, Linseed oil, Mixed oil i.e. containing in 1:1:1:1 ratio of Fish oil, Beef tallow, Soybean oil, Linseed oil), Vegetable oil and minced chicken meat as natural food, respectively, each with three replications, stocked with 30 grow-out having an initial average weight 55.83 + 3.14g in a circular plastic pools (capacity 300 L). The six feeds were formulated with basic ingredients (Soybean meal, 35%; soluble starch, 29%; Casein, 19.5%; carboxy - methyl - cellulose, 2%; papain, 0.5%; vitamin and mineral mix, 4.0%) with iso-energetic (19.55 kJ/g, F1-F6 ) diets and results were compared with natural food (F7) fed fishes. Each diet was hand fed two times daily during experimental period to triplicate homogenous groups of 30 fish. The muscle fillet polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content varied with different lipid levels suggesting that the dietary fat has impact on deposition of fatty acid in flesh. The muscle unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosa-hexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA) level, were comparatively higher in MIXOL diet followed by NATFO and LINOL diets, indicating selective deposition of fatty acids. It was concluded that addition of various fats in the diet has role in the composition of carcass fatty acid profile in Clarias batrachus and the MIXOL (Fish Oil : Tallow : Soybean Oil : Linseed Oil :: 1 : 1 :1 :1 w/w) could be safely used for better and/ or more deposition of healthy fatty acids (EPA and DHA) which are considered as human health beneficial fatty acids and also useful to economize the cost of the broodstock feed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 12-week triplicate feeding trials was conducted to assess the use of variousproteins, in combination with glucosamine by asiancat fish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.01 to 2.5+0.02 g) fingerling. Six (31.18 to 43.52 % CP, 15.53 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 0.0 to 6.70%) practical diets were formulated using plant protein (PP) or animal protein (AP) with glucosamine @ 0.0, 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % with basal ingredients(F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG:: 100:0:0.5; F-5, PAG:: 100:0:5.0; F-6, PAG:: 100:0:10.0). The final weight gain was recorded as 21.2+1.4 g, 19.5+0.8 g, 19.6+0.2 g, 18.4+0.7 g, 17.5+0.6 g, 16.9+0.4 g and 13.24+1.2g in control. It is concluded that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best growth (p<0.05) recorded in the feed incorporated with 10% glucosamine. The survival was recorded in between 60+4.1% to 73+ 2.8%. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets for C. batrachus, however, the growth performances and FCR with PPwere also improved, from control feeding trials, in combination with glucosamine.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 12-week triplicate feeding trials was conducted to assess the use of variousproteins, in combination with glucosamine by asiancat fish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.01 to 2.5+0.02 g) fingerling. Six (31.18 to 43.52 % CP, 15.53 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 0.0 to 6.70%) practical diets were formulated using plant protein (PP) or animal protein (AP) with glucosamine @ 0.0, 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % with basal ingredients(F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG:: 100:0:0.5; F-5, PAG:: 100:0:5.0; F-6, PAG:: 100:0:10.0). The final weight gain was recorded as 21.2+1.4 g, 19.5+0.8 g, 19.6+0.2 g, 18.4+0.7 g, 17.5+0.6 g, 16.9+0.4 g and 13.24+1.2g in control. It is concluded that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best growth (p<0.05) recorded in the feed incorporated with 10% glucosamine. The survival was recorded in between 60+4.1% to 73+ 2.8%. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets for C. batrachus, however, the growth performances and FCR with PPwere also improved, from control feeding trials, in combination with glucosamine.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe livers of teleost fish are susceptible to numerous disturbances including metabolic changes. Different types of fat in the diets were evaluated to observe their impact on the hepatic tissues of saul (Channa striatus). The saulgrow-out having an initial average weight 27.36 ± 0.09 to 32.54 ± 0.41 g were fed with seven experimental diets (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 and a control, F7 of natural foodstuffs, NATFO for 12-weeks). F1 (L3HUF) contains 0.5% n-3 fatty acid& 7.5% saturated oil; F2 (H3HUF) contains 1.0% n-3 fatty acid& 7.0% saturated oil; F3 (MUSOL) contains 8.0% mustard oil; F4 (LINOL) contains 8.0% linseed oil; F5 (MIXOL) contains 4.0% mustard oil and 4.0 % linseed oil; F6 (SATOL) contains 8.0% saturated oil. The control fishes were fed with live natural food. Livers of 3 fishes from each treatment were excised and processed for routine histo-pathological evaluation. The histo-architectural changes in hepatic tissue, following dietary fat interventions, were assessed under light microscopy. F-1, showing vacuolization in cells; F-2, showing normal hepatocytes with some vacuolization; F-3, showing normal hepatocytes and central vein; F-4, showing necrotic patches and enlarged cells; F-5, showing necrotic normal cells; F-6, showing normal cells and central vein with vacuolization. Liver of Channa striatus fed with natural food (NATFO, F7) showing normal architecture of liver with nucleated hepatocytes with cytoplasm and connective tissue cells. The results revealed some pathological changes in the liver tissue like fatty degeneration, cellular necrosis, vacuolization and which was found with least effects, observed with addition of various dietary fats. It was concluded that supplementation of various fats has role in the histological alterations, at cellular level, in the hepatic tissues in this carnivore fish and the fat could be safely used for better fish quality in terms of fatty acid deposition and economizing the feed cost.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSix semi-purified diets (energy 17.97–18.47 kJ g−1) containing protein levels of 300 g kg−1(diet-A), 360 g kg−1(diet-B), 420 g kg−1(diet-C), 480 g kg−1(diet-D), 540 g kg−1 (diet-E) and 600 g kg−1(diet-F) were estimated for the protein requirement of Channa marulius fry (length 4.11 ± 0.59 cm) in a completely randomized experiment design in triplicate set. The fry were reared in 18 FRP tanks at a stocking density of 40 fry m3 and fed @ 8–5 % bw. The diets A, B, C and D showed significantly (p < 0.05) low survival levels of 46.6, 46.6, 46.6 and 53.3 in comparison to diets E (88.3 %) and F (85.0 %) after 28th day of rearing. The net biomass, SGR and per day weight gain were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher and FCR low with diets E and F in comparison to diets A, B, C and D. The proximate analysis of carcass showed that the fish fed diets E and F had significantly (p < 0.5) higher deposition of protein and lipids in the tissue. The study revealed that the protein requirement of C. marulius fry is around 540–600 g kg−1 and the fry could be reared to fingerling size on formulated diets.Uttar Pradesh Council of Agricultural Research, Luckno

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Not AvailableIn the present study a 12-week feeding trials was conducted with animal or plant protein ( in combination with Glucosamine source @ 0.0, 0.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with Asian Catfish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.009 to 2.6+0.03 g) to evaluate the effects of proteins of different origin, blended with glucosamine, on intestinal tissues. Intestine of C. batrachus fed with natural food (NATFO, F7) showing normal architecture of intestine with circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Intestine of fish fed with P:A: G::0:100:0.5 feed ( F1) and P:A:G::0:100:5.0 feed (F2) showing normal appearance of circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Intestine of fish fed with Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::0:100:10.0 feed (F3) depicting normal appearance of circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Fusion of few villi is recorded. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:0.5 feed (F4) showing appearance of spaces between circular muscles and base of villi. Normal circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are seen. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:5.0 feed (F5) showing elongated lumen in villi. Circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are normally seen. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:10.0 feed (F6). Showing elongated lumen in villi. Circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are seen normally. Showing some detachment of base of villi observed. Results indicate that animal protein diets rich with glucosamine showing normal intestinal tissues architecture than in plant protein fed fishes. The plant protein fed fishes showed an alteration in the intestinal architecture in this threatened fish. However, the results suggests that supplementation of glucosamine has no direct relation with the histological alterations in the fish intestinal tissues.Not Availabl