Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Women During the Winter: A Pilot Study

Background: More than half of all women do not meet daily vitamin D nutrient intake recommendations, and research indicates that vitamin D supplementation during the winter may decrease depressive symptoms.\nObjectives: To examine the relationship of vitamin D supplementation and depressive symptoms in women living in a northern climate during the winter months. Method: In a quasi-experimental pilot study, nine women with serum vitamin D levels (as measured by 25 OR vitamin D) below 40 nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) were administered the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). After eight weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation, six of these women completed the BDI-II and had their serum 25 OR vitamin D levels re-assessed. Results: The baseline and follow-up mean 25 OR vitamin D levels for the sub sample of six women were 21.8 ng/mL (SD = 8.33, range = 14-37) and 48.2 (SD=20.01, range 29-84) respectively (t = -4.11, p = .009). The baseline and follow-up mean BDI-II scores were 31.8 (SD = 4.79, range = 26-40) and 21.2 (SD = 11.07, range = 8-37) respectively (t = 3.37, p = .02). Vitamin D supplementation was associated with an increase in the serum D levels by an average of about 27 ng/mL, and was associated with a decline (demonstrating a negative correlation) in the BDI-II scores of an average of about 10 points. Vitamin D levels above 40 ng/mL at the end of the study were associated with BDI-II scores of 14 or less, a level indicative of minimal depressive symptoms.\nDiscussion: This pilot study suggests that supplenlental vitamin D3 improves serum 25 OR vitamin D levels and reduces depressive symptoms. Adequately powered clinical trials are needed to better evaluate these relationships

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Partita I (Bach, J. S.); Sonata in C Major, Op. 53 (Beethoven, L. v.); Harmonies Poétiques et Réligieuses (Liszt, Franz); Toccata (Debussy, Claude). Instrumentation: pian

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Partita I (Bach, J. S.); Sonata in C Major, Op. 53 (Beethoven, L. v.); Harmonies Poétiques et Réligieuses (Liszt, Franz); Toccata (Debussy, Claude). Instrumentation: pian

Symptômes dépressifs et douleurs diffuses chez un détenu : penser au déficit en vitamine D [Depressive symptoms and widespread pains in a prisoner. Think on vitamin D deficiency].

The confinement can lead to an important limitation of sun exposure of the prisoners. This limitation can lead to a deficit in vitamin D, source of diverse disorders. Diffuse pains of members and of joints are the most classics troubles. The association of vitamin D deficiency and psychiatric disorders is frequent but badly known. Even if there is still no evidence indicating a cause and effect relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depressive episodes, the contribution of vitamin D deficiency in the arisen of a depression has to be considered. The treatment of vitamin D deficiency cannot, in itself, constitute a treatment of the depressive disorder but contributes to the improvement of the whole status The psychiatric follow-up remains indispensable, in particular because of the suicidal risk, particularly present in prison

Kinetic Studies on the Reaction of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with Monofluoroalkenes: Experimental Evidence for Both Stepwise and Concerted Mechanisms and a Pre-equilibrium Complex on the Reaction Pathway

Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) is reported to react with hydrocarbon alkenes by a stepwise dipolar pathway to give <i>N</i>-chlorosulfonyl-β-lactams that are readily reduced to β-lactams. Substitution of a vinyl hydrogen for a vinyl fluorine changes the dynamics for reaction with CSI so that a concerted pathway is favored. Rate constants were measured for reactions of CSI with monofluoroalkenes and some hydrocarbon alkenes. Activation parameters for two hydrocarbon alkenes and two monofluoroalkenes support this change in mechanism. A plot generated from the natural log of rate constants vs ionization potentials (IP) indicates that fluoroalkenes with IP values >8.9 eV react by a concerted process. Electron-rich monofluoroalkenes with IP values <8.5 eV were found to react by a single-electron transfer (SET) pathway. Hydrocarbon alkenes were also found to react by this dipolar stepwise SET intermediate rather than the previously accepted stepwise dipolar pathway. Data support a pre-equilibrium complex on the reaction pathway just before the rate-determining step of the concerted pathway and a SET intermediate for the stepwise reactions. When the reactions are carried out at lower temperatures, the equilibrium shifts toward the complex or SET intermediate enhancing the synthetic utility of these reactions. Kinetic data also support formation of a planar transition state rather than the orthogonal geometry as reported for ketene [2 + 2] cycloadditions

Association Between Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depression in a Large Sample of Healthy Adults: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and depression in a large database of patients from the Cooper Clinic