Table_1_Gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia.docx

AimsThis study aims to explore the gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia (FES).Methods82 patients with FES, including 50 male patients and 32 female patients, were enrolled in the present study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were respectively conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of patients with FES at baseline and after treatment. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to compare gender differences in cognitive domains scores between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Stepwise liner regression model was performed to explore the effect factors of cognitive improvements in patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age of onset, education years, PANSS scores, duration of untreated psychosis and Olanzapine equivalent doses between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). In the comparisons of cognition function, male patients exhibited better performance in social cognition compared with female patients at baseline (t = 3.20, p ConclusionsOur findings revealed gender differences of cognitive improvements in patients with FES after 2-month treatment. It provides new evidence for gender differences in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and also provides preliminary clues for further individualized cognitive intervention strategies.</p

DataSheet_1_Association between increased BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve male schizophrenia.docx

ObjectiveAlthough the adverse effects of obesity in schizophrenia are documented, there is limited research exists on the implications for untreated initial schizophrenia. Our investigation aimed to explore the connections between BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN)schizophrenia.MethodsWe enrolled 143 FEDN schizophrenia patients, and collected data on their body mass index, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. Cognitive function was measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Using correlation and regression analysis to assess the relationship between BMI and cognitive performance.ResultsThe prevalence rate of overweight plus obesity in FEDN schizophrenia patients was 33.57%. Patients with FEDN schizophrenia exhibited extensive cognitive impairment, and those who were overweight/obesity demonstrated more severe impairments in working memory and visual learning when compared to normal/under weight counterparts. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between working memory and BMI and TG, as well as a link between visual learning and BMI and LDL-C. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher BMI predicted a decrease in working memory in FEDN schizophrenia patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that the rate of overweight plus obesity is high in FEDN schizophrenia patients, and there is an association between BMI and cognitive function in schizophrenia, particularly in relation to working memory.</p

Distribution of different number of hexanuclotide repeats in <i>C9ORF792</i> of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients and controls of Chinese Han.

<p>772 haplotypes from 386 treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients and 664 haplotypes from 332 control cohorts were genotyped for their carrying the number of hexanuclotide repeat in <i>C9ORF792</i>. The X-axis shows the number of hexanuclotide repeat in <i>C9ORF792</i> and the Y-axis denotes the frequency of the repeats in the haplotypes. The frequency was calculated as the number of haplotypes carrying the hexanucleotide repeats divided by the number of total haplotypes.</p

Conversion of a Benzofuran Ester to an Amide through an Enamine Lactone Pathway: Synthesis of HCV Polymerase Inhibitor GSK852A

HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor GSK852A (<b>1</b>) was synthesized in only five steps from ethyl 4-fluorobenzoylacetate (<b>3</b>) in 46% overall yield. Key to the efficient route was the synthesis of the highly functionalized benzofuran core <b>15</b> from the β-keto ester in one pot and the efficient conversion of ester <b>6</b> to amide <b>19</b> via enamine lactone <b>22</b>. Serendipitous events led to identification of the isolable enamine lactone intermediate <b>22</b>. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR studies supported the intramolecular hydrogen bond shown in enamine lactone <b>22</b>. The hydrogen bond was considered an enabler in the proposed pathway from ester <b>6</b> to enamine lactone <b>22</b> and its rearrangement to amide <b>19</b>. GSK852A (<b>1</b>) was obtained after reductive amination and mesylation with conditions amenable to the presence of the boronic acid moiety which was considered important for the desirable pharmacokinetics of <b>1</b>. The overall yield of 46% in five steps was a significant improvement to the previous synthesis from the same β-keto ester in 5% yield over 13 steps

2-(Purin-9-yl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol derivatives

No description supplie

Synthesis of HCV Replicase Inhibitors: Base-Catalyzed Synthesis of Protected α‑Hydrazino Esters and Selective Aerobic Oxidation with Catalytic Pt/Bi/C for Synthesis of Imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde

A robust convergent synthesis of the prodrugs of HCV replicase inhibitors <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> is described. The central 5<i>H</i>-imidazo­[4,5-<i>d</i>]­pyridazine core was formed from acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation of an imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde (<b>20</b>) and a α-hydrazino ester, generated in situ from the bis-BOC-protected precursors <b>25</b> and <b>33</b>. The acidic conditions not only released the otherwise unstable α-hydrazino esters but also were the key to avoid facile decarboxylation to the parent drugs from the carboxylic ester prodrugs <b>1</b>–<b>5</b>. The bis-BOC α-hydrazino esters <b>25</b> and <b>33</b> were prepared by addition of ester enolates (from <b>23</b> and <b>32</b>) to di-<i>tert</i>-butyl azodicarboxylate via catalysis with mild inorganic bases, such as Li₂CO₃. A selective aerobic oxidation with catalytic 5% Pt–Bi/C in aqueous KOH was developed to provide the dicarbaldehyde <b>20</b> from the diol <b>27</b>