乳がん術前又は術後補助化学療法施行時のステロイド前投薬の骨代謝系への影響の検討

金沢大学附属病院○研究目的 : 化学療法の副作用である悪心や浮腫などの予防・治療薬としてステロイドの前投薬は必要不可欠なものである。しかし、ステロイドによる副作用の一つに骨粗鬆症があり、持続的なステロイド投与は骨量の減少を引き起こし、骨折リスクを高めるとされている。乳がん患者において、術後補助化学療法の前後で骨密度が有意に低下するという報告はあるが、乳がん患者を対象としたステロイド前投薬が骨代謝系におよぼす影響を評価した報告はない。そこで、骨粗鬆症のリスクが高いと考えられる乳がん患者における、術後補助化学療法施行時のステロイド前投薬が骨代謝系へ与える影響を検討することを目的として研究を行った。○研究方法 : 2009年～2018年に当院で乳がんに対して術後補助化学療法としてドセタキセル+シクロホスファミド(TC)療法が4クール投与された患者を対象として、患者背景や骨代謝系マーカーとして血清Ca値、P値、Alb値、ALP値などを後方視的に調査した。抽出されたデータについて単変量および多変量解析を行い、TC療法前後の骨代謝系マーカーの変動と関連のある因子を検討した。本研究は、金沢大学医学倫理審査委員会の承認を得て実施した。○研究成果 : 対象患者118名のデータを解析した。血清P値、Alb値、ALP値はTC療法の前後で有意に変動した。これらの項目に関して、TC療法前後における変動の有無で分類し、その2群間で患者背景やステロイド前投薬量などの各因子を比較した。その結果、血清P値の変動に関わる因子として、年齢や糖尿病の有無が抽出され、血清Alb値の変動に関わる因子として、年齢が抽出された。なお、血清ALP値はTC療法前後で変動したが、臨床的意義のある差ではなかったため、因子探索は行わなかった。本研究の患者集団では、ステロイド前投薬量が骨代謝系マーカーに及ぼす影響は軽微であった。今後は、より特異性の高い骨形成・骨吸収マーカーや骨密度での検討が必要と考えられた。研究課題/領域番号:18H00417, 研究期間(年度):201

レジメン最適化による泌尿器腫瘍に対するがん薬物療法の質的向上

13301甲第5466号博士(薬学)金沢大学博士論文本文Ful

唾液中のシクロホスファミド濃度と口腔粘膜炎の関連性についての検討

金沢大学附属病院研究課題/領域番号:19H00373, 研究期間(年度):2019-04-01 – 2020-03-31出典：研究課題「唾液中のシクロホスファミド濃度と口腔粘膜炎の関連性についての検討」課題番号19H00373（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19H00373/）を加工して作

Effectiveness for Determination of Depositional Age by Detrital Zircon U–Pb Age in the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex of Japan

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages indicate the crystallization age. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of determining the age of deposition using zircon age data. We carried out U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from sandstone at eight sites in the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex on Kii Peninsula, Japan, with the aim of evaluating the accuracy of U–Pb zircon ages as indicators of the depositional age of sedimentary rocks by comparing zircon ages with radiolarian ages. Our results reveal zircons of late Cretaceous age, and the youngest peak ages are in good agreement with depositional ages inferred from radiolarian fossils. In addition, the youngest peak ages become younger as tectono-structurally downwards, and this tendency is clearer for the zircon ages than for the radiolarian ages. These results indicate that newly crystalized zircons were continuously supplied to the sediment by constant igneous activity during the late Cretaceous and that zircon ages provide remarkably useful information for determining the age of deposition in the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex

An automatic peak deconvolution code for Raman spectra of carbonaceous material and a revised geothermometer for intermediate- to moderately high-grade metamorphism

Carbonaceous material (CM) undergoes progressive changes that reflect its thermal history. These changes are in general irreversible and provide valuable information for understanding diagenetic and metamorphic processes of crustal rocks. Among various approaches to quantify these changes, the R2 ratio, area ratio of specific peaks in CM Raman spectra, is widely used to estimate the maximum temperature of intermediate- to moderately high-grade metamorphism. The calculation of the R2 ratio requires peak deconvolution of the original spectrum, and the results depend on the details of how this is carried out. However, a clear protocol for selecting appropriate initial conditions has not been established and obtaining a reliable temperature estimate depends at least in part on the experience and skill of the operator. In this study, we developed a Python code that automatically calculates the R2 ratio from CM Raman spectra. Our code produces R2 ratios that are generally in good agreement with those of Aoya et al. (J Metamorph Geol 28:895–914, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00896.x) for the same Raman data, with much less time and effort than was the case in the previous studies. We have confirmed that the code is also applicable to other previous datasets from both contact and regional metamorphic regions. The overall trend of the recalculated data indicates that samples with R2 greater than ~ 0.7 are not sensitive to the changes in CM maturity and thus should not be used for the calibration of an R2-based geothermometer. We propose a modified geothermometer for contact metamorphism that is strictly applicable to samples with R2 from 0.023 to 0.516, with the proviso that a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm should be used. A slight extrapolation of the newly proposed geothermometer up to R2 of 0.57 provides a temperature estimate that is consistent with the geothermometer of Kaneki and Kouketsu (Island Arc 31:e12467, 2022; https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.12467); the boundary between the two geothermometers corresponds to a temperature of 391 °C

Spectral dependence of photoinduced spin precession in DyFeO3

Spin precession was nonthermally induced by an ultrashort laser pulse in orthoferrite DyFeO3 with a pump-probe technique. Both circularly and linearly polarized pulses led to spin precessions; these phenomena are interpreted as the inverse Faraday effect and the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect, respectively. For both cases, the same mode of spin precession was excited; the precession frequencies and polarization were the same, but the phases of oscillations were different. We have shown theoretically and experimentally that the analysis of phases can distinguish between these two mechanisms. We have demonstrated experimentally that in the visible region, the inverse Faraday effect was dominant, whereas the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect became relatively prominent in the near-infrared region.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure

Epicutaneous Administration of Papain Induces IgE and IgG Responses in a Cysteine Protease Activity-Dependent Manner

ABSTRACTBackground: Epicutaneous sensitization to allergens is important in the pathogenesis of not only skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis but also "atopic march" in allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergies. We here examined antibody production and skin barrier dysfunction in mice epicutaneously administered papain, a plant-derived occupational allergen belonging to the same family of cysteine proteases as mite major group 1 allergens.Methods: Papain and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease were patched on the backs of hairless mice. Tran- sepidermal water loss was measured to evaluate the skin barrier dysfunction caused by the proteases. Papain or that treated with an irreversible inhibitor specific to cysteine proteases, E64, was painted onto the ear lobes of mice of an inbred strain C57BL/6. Serum total IgE levels and papain-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA.Results: Papain and V8 protease patched on the backs of hairless mice caused skin barrier dysfunction and increased serum total IgE levels, and papain induced the production of papain-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. Papain painted onto the ear lobes of C57BL/6 mice induced papain-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2c, and IgG2b, whereas papain treated with E64 did not. IgG1 was the most significantly induced papain-specific IgG subclass among those measured.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the epicutaneous administration of protease not only disrupted skin barrier function, but also induced IgE and IgG responses in a manner dependent on its protease activity. These results suggest that protease activity contained in environmental sources contributes to sensitization through an epicutaneous route

Error Correction Activities Encourage Repeated Reading in Class

Repeated reading (RR) entails the reading of the same materials repeatedly and is a technique intended to develop reading fluency and comprehension for learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). However, the practice of RR today in classrooms throughout Japan is seemingly insufficient for several reasons. The present study focuses mainly on concentration and motivation for RR, which suggest that error correction activities (ECAs) are effective in encouraging RR. ECAs denote activities through which learners identify and correct several errors that are intentionally embedded in the text. This research examines whether ECAs enhance the concentration and motivation of learners for RR using a questionnaire. The results indicate that learners maintain concentration and motivation the most during ECAs, and that ECAs can be a catalyst for further RR