SR-PSOX/CXCL16 plays a critical role in the progression of colonic inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is initiated and perpetuated by a dysregulated immune response to unknown environmental antigens such as luminal bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. SR-PSOX/CXCL16, a scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidised lipoprotein, has both phagocytic activity and chemotactic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 in patients with IBD and experimental murine colitis

A Clot Waveform Analysis of Thrombin Time Using a Small Amount of Thrombin Is Useful for Evaluating the Clotting Activity of Plasma Independent of the Presence of Emicizumab

Objective: Although emicizumab is a bispecific, monoclonal antibody that has led to a significant improvement of treatment for hemophilia A patients with inhibitors, the routine monitoring of patients treated with emicizumab is difficult. Thrombin time (TT) reflects thrombin burst, which mainly depends on activation of factor V (FV) and FVIII. Methods: We, therefore, developed a method for evaluating clotting activity independent of the presence of emicizumab. Normal plasma (NP) or FVIII-deficient plasma (FVIIIDP) with and without emicizumab was measured using clot waveform analysis (CWA)-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and TT. Results: Emicizumab caused clot formation in FVIIIDP using the CWA-APTT; however, the coagulation peaks of plasma with and without emicizumab measured by the CWA-TT did not differ to a statistically significant extent. Regarding the mixing tests with NP and FVIIIDP, CWA-APTT showed large differences between each mixing test in plasma with and without emicizumab, whereas the CWA-TT showed similar patterns in mixing plasma with and without emicizumab. Regarding the standard curve of FVIII activity, the CWA-APTT showed an FVIII-concentration-dependent increase; however, the values with each concentration of FVIII differed between samples with and without emicizumab, whereas CWA-TT showed FVIII-concentration-dependent fluctuations independent of the presence of emicizumab, and the values with each concentration of FVIII were similar in samples with and without emicizumab. Conclusions: As CWA-TT using a small amount of thrombin (0.5 IU/mL) can reflect thrombin burst and be useful for evaluating FVIII activity, independent of the presence of emicizumab, it is useful for monitoring clotting activity in patients with an anti-FVIII inhibitor treated with emicizumab

Clot Waveform Analysis Demonstrates Low Blood Coagulation Ability in Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Background: Although platelets, which contain large amounts of phospholipids, play an important role in blood coagulation, there is still no routine assay to examine the effects of platelets in blood coagulation. Methods: Hemostatic abnormalities in patients with thrombocytopenia, including those with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), were examined using clot wave analysis (CWA)–small-amount tissue-factor-induced FIX activation (sTF/FIXa) and thrombin time (TT). Results: Although there were no marked differences in the three parameters of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between normal healthy volunteers and typical patients with ITP, the peak heights of the CWA-sTF/FIXa were markedly low in patients with ITP. The three peak times of the CWA-sTF/FIXa in patients with a platelet count of ≤8.0 × 1010/L were significantly longer than those in patients with a platelet count > 8.0 × 1010/L and the peak heights of the CWA-sTF/FIXa in patients with a platelet count of ≤8.0 × 1010/L were significantly lower than those in patients with >8.0 × 1010/L. The peak heights of the CWA-APTT in patients with ITP were significantly lower than in patients with other types of thrombocytopenia. The three peak heights of the CWA-sTF/FIXa in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in patients with other types of thrombocytopenia. The CWA-TT showed lower peak heights and longer peak times in patients with ITP in comparison to patients with other types of thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: The CWA-sTF/FIXa and CWA-TT results showed that blood coagulation is enhanced by platelets and that the blood coagulation ability in ITP patients was low in comparison to healthy volunteers and patients with other types of thrombocytopenia