Effect of the exercise programme on the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial

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Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of Heracleum persicum essential oil

ABSTRACT In this study essential oil of the aerial parts of Heracleum persicum a spice widely used in Iran was isolated by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) techniques. The extraction yield was determined and the chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by the application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by two different methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and oven test methods. Although the main compounds of essential oils by the both extraction methods were similar, the essential oil extracted by HD with lower extraction efficiency showed more diverse compounds. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of the essential oil measured by delay in sunflower oil oxidation indicated that the antioxidant activity was dependent on the concentration which increased when higher concentrations of the essential oils were applied. The results of DPPH radical assay also indicated that the percentage of inhibition increased with increasing of essential oil concentration and IC50 value for essential oil extracted by MAHD method was obtained 1.25 mg/mL. Therefore the Heracleum persicum essential oil might be recommended for use as a flavoring agent and a source of natural antioxidants in functional foods, formulation of the supplements and in medicinal due to numerous pharmacological activities

Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of Heracleum persicum essential oil

<div><p>ABSTRACT In this study essential oil of the aerial parts of Heracleum persicum a spice widely used in Iran was isolated by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) techniques. The extraction yield was determined and the chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by the application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by two different methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and oven test methods. Although the main compounds of essential oils by the both extraction methods were similar, the essential oil extracted by HD with lower extraction efficiency showed more diverse compounds. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of the essential oil measured by delay in sunflower oil oxidation indicated that the antioxidant activity was dependent on the concentration which increased when higher concentrations of the essential oils were applied. The results of DPPH radical assay also indicated that the percentage of inhibition increased with increasing of essential oil concentration and IC50 value for essential oil extracted by MAHD method was obtained 1.25 mg/mL. Therefore the Heracleum persicum essential oil might be recommended for use as a flavoring agent and a source of natural antioxidants in functional foods, formulation of the supplements and in medicinal due to numerous pharmacological activities.</p></div

Minimizing greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption from wastewater treatment plants via rational design and engineering strategies: A case study in Mashhad, Iran

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play direct and indirect roles in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by biological processes and energy consumption, respectively. Nowadays, reducing GHG emission and the energy consumption of WWTPs are of interest. In this study, at first, the GHG emissions and energy consumption of the Mashhad WWTP (MLE and aerobic digestion process) were compared with energy self-sufficient WWTPs. In the next stage, four scenarios were developed to reduce GHG emissions and energy consumption. According to the results, energy consumption and GHG emissions in this WWTP is outside of the acceptable value. By changing aerobic digestion to anaerobic digestion, the energy consumption will decreases from 1 kWh/m3 to 0.58 kWh/m3, and the total amount of CO2 equivalent (CO2e-T) increases from 0.64 kg CO2e/m3 to 1.65 kg CO2e/m3. In order to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions, anaerobic digester and CHP must be used together. This process leads to reduced energy consumption and GHG emissions by about 70% and 53% , respectively. The lowest (highest) GHG emissions will occur in MLE with anaerobic digester and CHP (without CHP). Based on this study, GHG emissions and energy consumption can be controlled by selecting a correct process for WWTPs

Five-membered ring systems:with O &amp; S (Se, Te) atoms

This review covers work published in the calendar year 2017. The synthesis and reaction chemistry of five-membered heterocycles containing two oxygen atoms, two sulfur atoms, or an oxygen and a sulfur are reviewed