“Injection Pump for CCS”

AbstractIn this paper, key point for design of CO2 injection pump is explained. Material selection guide line is explained firstly both for main parts and wearing parts. Consideration of corrosion and low viscosity is important. Next, pump structure is explained. Design of thrust balancing device is very important because density of CO2 will vary from inlet to outlet. Critical design point is explained, when inlet condition is close to border between liquid and vapour zone. Then, influence of temperature fluctuation is explained. Next, seal and seal system suitable for CO2 injection pump is explained.Supply experience of acid gas injection pump is introduced.Finally, optimum selection of turbo machines for CO2 pressurizing is reported

Vortices on Sound Generation and Dissipation in Musical Flue Instruments

Musical flue instruments such as the pipe organ and flute mainly consist of the acoustic pipe resonance and the jet impinging against the pipe edge. The edge tone is used to be considered as the energy source coupling to the pipe resonance. However, jet-drive models describing the complex jet/pipe interaction were proposed in the late 1960s. Such models were more developed and then improved to the discrete-vortex model and vortex-layer model by introducing fluid-dynamical viewpoint, particularly vortex sound theory on acoustic energy generation and dissipation. Generally, the discrete-vortex model is well applied to thick jets, while the jet-drive model and the vortex-layer model are valid to thin jets used in most flue instruments. The acoustically induced vortex (acoustic vortex) is observed near the amplitude saturation with the aid of flow visualization and is regarded as the final sound dissipation agent. On the other hand, vortex layers consisting of very small vortices along both sides of the jet are visualized by the phase-locked PIV and considered to generate the acceleration unbalance between both vortex layers that induces the jet wavy motion coupled with the pipe resonance. Vortices from the jet visualized by direct numerical simulations are briefly discussed

Hydrothermal metallurgy for recycling of slag and glass

Published under licence in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by IOP Publishing Ltd

Balloon pump–induced pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass does not improve brain oxygenation

AbstractBackground: Whether pulsatile flow offers substantial advantages for brain protection during cardiopulmonary bypass is controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine whether differences exist between pulsatile and nonpulsatile bypass concerning the effects on internal jugular venous saturation and on the state of regional cerebral oxygenation during normothermia. Methods: Twenty-two patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 11) received nonpulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass and group 2 (n = 11) received pulsatile perfusion during bypass. We used an intra-aortic balloon pump to generate pulsatility. A spectrophotometric probe (INVOS 3100R, Somanetics, Troy, Mich) was used to assess the state of regional cerebral oxygenation. A 4F fiberoptic oximetry oxygen saturation catheter was inserted into the right jugular bulb to monitor jugular venous oxygen saturation. Hemodynamic variables, arterial and jugular venous blood gases, and regional cerebral oxygenation were measured at 7 times points. Results: In both groups, jugular venous oxygen saturation decreased at the early stage of the cardiopulmonary bypass (P = .03). Five patients in group 1 and 6 in group 2 had a jugular venous oxygen saturation of less than 50%. In both groups, the regional cerebral oxygenation value decreased during cardiopulmonary bypass (P = .04). Conclusions: The present results showed that pulsatility generated through the use of intra-aortic balloon pumping did not produce any beneficial effects on jugular venous oxygen saturation and regional cerebral oxygenation at normothermia. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:361-6