Three Irish translations of Rimbaud's "Bateau Ivre"

Three twentieth-century Irish writers have chosen to translate Rimbaud’s “Bateau ivre”: Samuel Beckett in the 1930s, Derek Mahon in the 1980s and Ciaran Carson in the 1990s. The first question that springs to mind is, why should these three choose a text that has as its subject exile and the weary longing to return

Léopold Sédar Senghor’s Translations and the Trajectory of a World Writer

Senghor’s seldom-studied translations (grouped with his juvenilia and published in OEuvre poétique in 1964) illustrate a process of identity formation whereby he can variously represent France, Senegal, Africa, and poetry, ultimately coming to occupy a position as world writer. My analysis of these texts takes into account recent articles on translation and African writers: what did Senghor translate, how did he translate, why did he translate, and why did he stop translating? Strategies of universalizing, flattening, and mystification reveal a process of acculturation rather than cultural crossfertilization. Central to my argument is the contrast between Senghor’s concept of métissage and the more current use of the term as Antoine Berman applies it to translation. One optimistic narrative is that as decolonization takes place, more and more translation, increased mutual cultural understanding, and hybridization also occur. Senghor’s translations are part of another process, where translation from African languages is abandoned in favour of a world language and its tributaries. They also illustrate features common to other world writers. Once completed, there is no further need for translation to take place

Why Bother with Languages?

Globalization has been described as the expansion of Western values to a world scale. The planet is now seen in its totality, whether through political and military surveillance, through observation of geological and climatic change, or through massive increase in human trade, communication and travel. One o f the features of globalization is the enlargement of economic zones without this necessarily bringing about the disappearance of borderlands and grey areas. Another feature is the uneven linking of different parts of the world through new forms of communication. The interconnectedness of peoples is often imposed by outside events over which they have little control. Finally, globalization has involved a reappraisal of old antagonisms (religious, ideological or nationalistic)

Derek Mahon's Poetry of Belonging

The answer to the rhetorical question posed in the above epigraph is clearly "no one". "Beyond Howth Head" sets up a clear polarity between "self-knowledge" on the one hand and "prelapsarian metaphor" on the other.l But in Mahon's work as a whole the individual's pursuit of artistic statement can not so easily be wrested from collective history. Self-knowledge and prelapsarian metaphor can not be exchanged unproblematically. Rather, the "ironic conscience" uses metaphor to propose a brief continuity between the antithetical categories of self-knowledge and home and then destroys the metaphor to separate the categories again. It is this sticking point which can give a clue to the question of belonging as it is expressed in Mahon's poems. By not completely separating art and history, himself and his people, Mahon professes some kind of allegiance - no matter how muCh he qualifies it - to the idea of an overlap between these antithetical areas

One Sentence: Illyes and Eluard

In the autumn 1995 number of The Hungarian Quarterly Matyas Domokos maintained- with circumstantial evidenc-that Gyula Illyes's most famous poem, "A sentence on Tyranny" was written in the early 1950s and not (as the Kadar regime claimed) during, or immediately before, the 1956 Revolution.' Domokos enlists the poet's utterances regarding the matter, and refers to the life of the poem extra Hungariam between its first publication in the heady days of that red autumn, and the demise of censorship in Hungary in the late eighties

A unified call to action from Australian nursing and midwifery leaders : ensuring that Black lives matter

Nurses and midwives of Australia now is the time for change! As powerfully placed, Indigenous and non-Indigenous nursing and midwifery professionals, together we can ensure an effective and robust Indigenous curriculum in our nursing and midwifery schools of education. Today, Australia finds itself in a shifting tide of social change, where the voices for better and safer health care ring out loud. Voices for justice, equity and equality reverberate across our cities, our streets, homes, and institutions of learning. It is a call for new songlines of reform. The need to embed meaningful Indigenous health curricula is stronger now than it ever was for Australian nursing and midwifery. It is essential that nursing and midwifery leadership continue to build an authentic collaborative environment for Indigenous curriculum development. Bipartisan alliance is imperative for all academic staff to be confident in their teaching and learning experiences with Indigenous health syllabus. This paper is a call out. Now is the time for Indigenous and non-Indigenous nurses and midwives to make a stand together, for justice and equity in our teaching, learning, and practice. Together we will dismantle systems, policy, and practices in health that oppress. The Black Lives Matter movement provides us with a ‘now window’ of accepted dialogue to build a better, culturally safe Australian nursing and midwifery workforce, ensuring that Black Lives Matter in all aspects of health care. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. *Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Wendy Cross, Catherine Hungerford and L. Shields” is provided in this record*

Agriculture

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Increasing prevalence of epizootic shell disease in American lobster from the nearshore Gulf of Maine

Epizootic shell disease (ESD) is a significant concern to the southern New England lobster fishery. Although ESD has been reported in the southern Gulf of Maine off Massachusetts, there are few reports from Maine waters. We report on the occurrence and distribution of ESD in American lobsters from nearshore Gulf of Maine from the Maine Commercial Lobster Sea Sampling Program. Overall, average prevalence levels of ESD by trip were very low (\u3c0.16%) through 2010, then increased from 2011 to the present, reaching 1.2% in 2013. As with previous studies, recent prevalence levels in legal and sublegal (\u3c127 mm CL) animals were higher (6%–7%) in egg-bearing females than in males and non-ovigerous females. This pattern was amplified in oversized (\u3e127 mm CL) lobsters, regardless of sex and reproductive state, with much higher prevalence levels (up to 22%). Spatially, prevalence levels of ESD were significantly higher in western regions of the Gulf of Maine than off eastern Maine. Using histology and microbiome analyses, the etiology of the disease was investigated and common signs of lobsters with ESD were described. Aquimarina homari, a bacterium associated with ESD, was significantly more prevalent on lobsters with lesions and abundance was correlated with severity of ESD. Our report indicates that ESD is present on lobsters throughout the nearshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Given the effect of the disease on lobsters from southern New England and its increasing prevalence over time, further monitoring of ESD in the Gulf of Maine is warranted

Development of rapid diagnostic techniques for idiopathic blindness in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, from eastern Long Island Sound

Idiopathic blindness is a condition that afflicts approximately 50% of the lobsters, Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, in Long Island Sound (LIS). The condition occurs in lobsters from LIS and Narragansett Bay, but has lower prevalence levels in the Gulf of Maine. Grossly, the condition presents as patches of cloudy, gray-colored regions in the eyes of afflicted animals. Histologically, the ommatidia show signs of altered pigment distribution, necrosis of the optic nerves and rhabdoms, and hemocyte infiltration through the protective basement membrane separating the ommatidia from the optic nerves. Severe lesions show areas with necrotic ommatidia and nearly complete loss of the underlying associated optic nerves. We assessed a rapid, nondestructive, diagnostic technique for determining blindness in lobsters. We compared the use of an otolaryngoscope (o-scope) with stereomicroscopy on live, frozen, and histologically-fixed eyes. Live lobsters from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, and off southern Massachusetts were assessed with the o-scope. Right eyes were analyzed via standard histological procedures. Left eyes were frozen and stored at –80 °C, and later thawed and reassessed for blindness. The o-scope had good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing blindness in the laboratory with good inter-observer comparisons among trained staff. Initial results indicate that the etiological agent of idiopathic blindness is present throughout a large portion of the sound, and that lobsters are probably continually exposed to it. The use of the o-scope as a diagnostic tool will help us better understand the distribution of idiopathic blindness in lobsters from the New England region

Using Group Model Building to Understand Factors That Influence Childhood Obesity in an Urban Environment

Background: Despite increased attention, conventional views of obesity are based upon individual behaviors, and children and parents living with obesity are assumed to be the primary problem solvers. Instead of focusing exclusively on individual reduction behaviors for childhood obesity, greater focus should be placed on better understanding existing community systems and their effects on obesity. The Milwaukee Childhood Obesity Prevention Project is a community-based coalition established to develop policy and environmental change strategies to impact childhood obesity in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The coalition conducted a Group Model Building exercise to better understand root causes of childhood obesity in its community. Methods: Group Model Building is a process by which a group systematically engages in model construction to better understand the systems that are in place. It helps participants make their mental models explicit through a careful and consistent process to test assumptions. This process has 3 main components: (1) assembling a team of participants; (2) conducting a behavior-over-time graphs exercise; and (3) drawing the causal loop diagram exercise. Results: The behavior-over-time graph portion produced 61 graphs in 10 categories. The causal loop diagram yielded 5 major themes and 7 subthemes. Conclusions: Factors that influence childhood obesity are varied, and it is important to recognize that no single solution exists. The perspectives from this exercise provided a means to create a process for dialogue and commitment by stakeholders and partnerships to build capacity for change within the community