Review of damage problems of the soft substrate interlayer film

This paper reviews the research progress of soft substrate interlayer film, including the applications and the preparation methods of the soft substrate interlayer film, the testing means of the films’ structure and composition and the researches of the film damage, especially the dynamic damage. As well as the future research directions and applications are put forward

Identification of Two Vulnerability Features: A New Framework for Electrical Networks Based on the Load Redistribution Mechanism of Complex Networks

This paper proposes a new framework to analyze two vulnerability features, impactability and susceptibility, in electrical networks under deliberate attacks based on complex network theory: these two features are overlooked but vital in vulnerability analyses. To analyze these features, metrics are proposed based on correlation graphs constructed via critical paths, which replace the original physical network. Moreover, we analyze the relationship between the proposed metrics according to degree from the perspective of load redistribution mechanisms by adjusting parameters associated with the metrics, which can change the load redistribution rules. Finally, IEEE 118- and 300-bus systems and a realistic large-scale French grid are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed metrics

Experimental and numerical investigation of bulging behaviour of hyperelastic textured tubes

The inflation and propagation of a localized instability in elastic tubes shares the same mathematical features with a range of other localization problems, including buckling propagation in long metal tubes under external pressure. Recent research into origami-inspired tubular geometries has suggested that geometric texturing is able to significantly improve metal pipe resistance to propagation buckling failures, with an increase in critical and propagation pressures. This paper aims to investigate whether texturing generates a similar improvement in hyperelastic tubes under axial loading and internal pressure, with elastomer origami structures of recent interest for use as soft actuators and robots. A new fabrication method with 3D printed moulds in a dip process was first developed to enable fabrication of textured tube samples. An experimental study was then conducted on inflated smooth and textured latex tubes, with instability formation observed at a 1 ms resolution. Comparative numerical models with a Mooney–Rivlin material were able to provide a good prediction of experimentally-observed behaviours up to and slightly past the critical pressure and bulge formation. A parametric numerical study is then conducted to show that the number of divisions in the axial direction and circumferential direction have no and modest effects on critical pressure, respectively. The experimental and numerical investigations both showed that the critical pressure of the textured tube was increased compared to the smooth tube, however the degree of increase was a modest 8% and so unlikely to be of significant practical benefit. This work can provide reference and guidelines for future investigations of tubular inflatable origami structures

Preparation of planar and hydrophobic benzocyclobutene‐based dielectric material from biorenewable rosin

A rosin‐based monomer with thermally crosslinkable benzocyclobutene groups was synthesized in this study. The structure of the monomer was examined using mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An amorphous crosslinked network with dielectric constant of 2.71 and dielectric loss of 0.0012 at 30 MHz was formed when the monomer was polymerized at high temperature (> 200 °C). The polymer film exhibits surface roughness (Ra) of 0.337 nm in a 5.0 × 5.0 μm2 area and the water contact angle of 110°. In addition, results from thermogravimetric analysis indicate that the polymer has T5% = 402 °C, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that the glass transition temperature is at least 350 °C. Results from nanoindentation tests show that the hardness and Young’s modulus of the polymer are 0.418 and 4.728 GPa, respectively. These data suggest that this new polymer may have potential applications in electronics and microelectronics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48831.A new rosin‐based monomer containing bibenzocyclobutene groups was synthesized using dehydroabietic acid as the raw material. The monomer could be converted to crosslinked network via thermally ring‐opening polymerization which exhibited excellent planarity and dielectric properties. These results indicate that the polymer is suitable as encapsulation resin or dielectric material in the field of electronics and microelectronics.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154646/1/app48831.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154646/2/app48831_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154646/3/app48831-sup-0001-supinfo.pd

Improving Medical Report Generation with Adapter Tuning and Knowledge Enhancement in Vision-Language Foundation Models

Medical report generation demands automatic creation of coherent and precise descriptions for medical images. However, the scarcity of labelled medical image-report pairs poses formidable challenges in developing large-scale neural networks capable of harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence, exemplified by large language models. This study builds upon the state-of-the-art vision-language pre-training and fine-tuning approach, BLIP-2, to customize general large-scale foundation models. Integrating adapter tuning and a medical knowledge enhancement loss, our model significantly improves accuracy and coherence. Validation on the dataset of ImageCLEFmedical 2023 demonstrates our model's prowess, achieving the best-averaged results against several state-of-the-art methods. Significant improvements in ROUGE and CIDEr underscore our method's efficacy, highlighting promising outcomes for the rapid medical-domain adaptation of the vision-language foundation models in addressing challenges posed by data scarcity

Electronic Properties of a New All-Inorganic Perovskite TlPbI\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e Simulated by the First Principles

All-inorganic perovskites have been recognized as promising photovoltaic materials. We simulated the perovskite material of TlPbI3 using ab initio electronic structure calculations. The band gap of 1.33 eV is extremely close to the theoretical optimum value. Compared TlPbI3 with CsPbI3, the total energy (−3980 eV) of the former is much lower than the latter. The partial density of states (PDOS) of TlPbI3 shows that a strong bond exists between Tl and I, resulting in the lower total energy and more stable existence than CsPbI3

Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Li-doped Compact TiO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Layer

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been developed rapidly in recent time, and efficient planar PSCs are regarded as the most promising alternative to the Si solar cells. In this study, we demonstrated that Li-doping of compact TiO2 can reduce the density of electron traps and increase the conductivity of the electron transport layer (ETL) of PSCs. Due to the improved electronic property of ETL, the Li-doped compact TiO2 based planar heterojunction PSCs exhibit negligible hysteretic J-V behavior. Comparing with the undoped compact TiO2 based PSCs, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Li-doped compact TiO2 film based PSCs is improved from 14.2% to 17.1%. Fabrication of highly efficient planar PSCs provides a pathway for commercialization of PSCs