An Educational Pathway for Geriatric Home Caregivers

The establishment of a multi-tiered educational pathway for geriatric home caregivers would support efforts to meet the needs of an increasing number of community dwelling older adults who require assistance with activities of daily living, while generating a cadre of qualified employees for an expanding non-medical private home care market. An educational pathway for geriatric home caregivers would also standardize the training of home care assistants while providing these individuals access to routine, high quality continuing education opportunities and the potential for career advancement. This issue brief provides two model educational pathways toward becoming a Geriatric Home Caregiver

Determination of Meloxicam in Egg Whites and Yolks Using Reverse Phase Chromatography

A new method of analysis has been developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam in egg whites and yolks. Following a liquid extraction for the whites and a solid phase extraction for the yolks, samples were separated on an XBridge C18 column and quantified using UV detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear curve over the concentration range 5 – 1500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variability was 10% or less for both the whites and yolks. The average recovery for whites was 96% and the average recovery in yolks was 97%

Determination of Meloxicam in Egg Whites and Yolks Using Reverse Phase Chromatography

A new method of analysis has been developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam in egg whites and yolks. Following a liquid extraction for the whites and a solid phase extraction for the yolks, samples were separated on an XBridge C18 column and quantified using ultraviolet detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid and aceto- nitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear graph over the concentration range 5–1500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variabil- ity was 10% or less for both the whites and yolks. The average recovery for whites was 96% and the average recovery in yolks was 97%

Determination of Fentanyl in Canine Plasma using HPLC-MS Detection

A simple, easy, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fentanyl concentrations in plasma samples has been developed and validated. Following a liquid extraction with acetonitrile, samples were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an XBridge C18 column (2.1 x 50 mm, 3.5μm) and detected by mass spectroscopy. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with 0.1% formic acid, and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (90:10), with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The procedure produced a linear curve over the concentration range of 0.1-25 ng/ml for fentanyl in canine plasma with a LOQ of 0.1 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-assay variability ranged from 2.6%-8.2% and the average recovery for fentanyl was 100%

Determination of Meloxicam in Egg Whites and Yolks Using Reverse Phase Chromatography

A new method of analysis has been developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam in egg whites and yolks. Following a liquid extraction for the whites and a solid phase extraction for the yolks, samples were separated on an XBridge C18 column and quantified using ultraviolet detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid and aceto- nitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear graph over the concentration range 5–1500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variabil- ity was 10% or less for both the whites and yolks. The average recovery for whites was 96% and the average recovery in yolks was 97%

Mind the Gap: Student Researchers Use Secondary Data to Explore Disparities in STEM Education

Large data sets offer opportunities for graduate students to become involved in meaningful research, but also comes with a unique set of challenges. This paper seeks to examine that relationship through utilizing the High School Longitudinal Study 2009 – representative of US ninth graders in 2009 (n = 21,444) – to examine a set of research questions about STEM interest and preparation amongst secondary students. Student researchers identified gaps in plans and outcomes with regards to race, gender, exceptionalities, and socioeconomic status. Findings indicated inequities that affect STEM outcomes. A significant interaction was found between students education expectations by gender on science self-efficacy [F(4,1264) = 2.797, p =.025]. This interaction was not observed for math self-efficacy. Females and underrepresented minorities were less likely to pursue computer science courses and computer science careers [Females: Χ2 (2, N = 20,594) = 111.500, p \u3c .0001; Minorities: Χ2 (2, N = 13,069) = 6.455, p = .040]. Students’ expectations for post-secondary education differed by IEP status and socioeconomic status [Χ2 (3, n =165,684) = 26.886, p = 0.001]. Finally, time spent in extracurricular activities impacted academic achievement and students in lower socioeconomic groups were less involved in extracurricular activities [Χ2 (4, n = 20,598) = 132.298, p \u3c .0001]

Context-Dependent Egr1 Expression in the Avian Hippocampus.

In mammals, episodic memory and spatial cognition involve context-specific recruitment of unique ensembles in the hippocampal formation (HF). Despite their capacity for sophisticated spatial (e.g., for migration) and episodic-like (e.g., for food-caching) memory, the mechanisms underlying contextual representation in birds is not well understood. Here we demonstrate environment-specific Egr1 expression as male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) navigate environments for food reward, showing that the avian HF, like its mammalian counterpart, recruits distinct neuronal ensembles to represent different contexts

Are There Place Cells in the Avian Hippocampus?

Birds possess a hippocampus that serves many of the same spatial and mnemonic functions as the mammalian hippocampus but achieves these outcomes with a dramatically different neuroanatomical organization. The properties of spatially responsive neurons in birds and mammals are also different. Much of the contemporary interest in the role of the mammalian hippocampus in spatial representation dates to the discovery of place cells in the rat hippocampus. Since that time, cells that respond to head direction and cells that encode a grid-like representation of space have been described in the rat brain. Research with homing pigeons has discovered hippocampal cells, including location cells, path cells, and pattern cells, that share some but not all properties of spatially responsive neurons in the rodent brain. We have recently used patterns of immediate-early gene expression, visualized by the catFISH method, to investigate how neurons in the hippocampus of brood-parasitic brown-headed cowbirds respond to spatial context. We have found cells that discriminate between different spatial environments and are re-activated when the same spatial environment is re-experienced. Given the differences in habitat and behaviour between birds and rodents, it is not surprising that spatially responsive cells in their hippocampus and other brain regions differ. The enormous diversity of avian habitats and behaviour offers the potential for understanding the general principles of neuronal representation of space

Preliminary Assessment of Thrust Augmentation of NEP Based Missions

Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), with support from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, has conducted a preliminary study to compare options for augmenting the thrust of a conventional nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) system. These options include a novel nuclear propulsion system concept known as Hybrid Indirect Nuclear Propulsion (HINP) and conventional chemical propulsion. The utility and technical feasibility of the HINP concept are assessed, and features and potential of this new in-space propulsion system concept are identified. As part of the study, SAIC developed top-level design tools to model the size and performance of an HINP system, as well as for several chemical propulsion options, including liquid and gelled propellants. A mission trade study was performed to compare a representative HINP system with chemical propulsion options for thrust augmentation of NEP systems for a mission to Saturn's moon Titan. Details pertaining to the approach, features, initial demonstration results for HINP model development, and the mission trade study are presented. Key technology and design issues associated with the HINP concept and future work recommendations are also identified