Gauge Model With Extended Field Transformations in Euclidean Space

An SO(4) gauge invariant model with extended field transformations is examined in four dimensional Euclidean space. The gauge field is $(A^\mu)^{\alpha\beta} = 1/2 t^{\mu\nu\lambda} (M^{\nu\lambda})^{\alpha\beta}$ where $M^{\nu\lambda}$ are the SO(4) generators in the fundamental representation. The SO(4) gauge indices also participate in the Euclidean space SO(4) transformations giving the extended field transformations. We provide the decomposition of the reducible field $t^{\mu\nu\lambda}$ in terms of fields irreducible under SO(4). The SO(4) gauge transformations for the irreducible fields mix fields of different spin. Reducible matter fields are introduced in the form of a Dirac field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group and its decomposition in terms of irreducible fields is also provided. The approach is shown to be applicable also to SO(5) gauge models in five dimensional Euclidean space.Comment: 31 pages, Plain LaTe

Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Saline Soils in Grand Forks county North Dakota

Saline soils reduce the productivity of over 80,000 hectares, or 23% of the land area, in Grand Forks County, an agricultural county in eastern North Dakota. A geochemical analysis was completed on soils from two salt-affected areas to determine if the salinity is depression-focused in saline spring areas and dominated by ground-water discharge, or landscape-wide and controlled by saline flushing and evapotranspiration. The areas chosen for study were an ephemerally wet, cultivated farm field and Kellys Slough, a perennial wetland. Two soil borings were completed at each site with samples taken in 15-cm increments to a depth of approximately 1 m. Samples were analyzed using laboratory procedures advocated by the National Soil Survey Center including reaction to dilute HCl, pH, particle-size analysis, carbonate and gypsum content, electrical conductivity, and soluble cations and anions. The results of the geochemical analyses indicate that soils from the farm site and Kellys Slough are quite different. pH values were mildly to moderately alkaline with the most alkaline soils at the farm. The slough soils appeared to have a higher clay content than the farm soils. Concentrations of carbonate generally increased with depth at the slough and were concentrated in the upper horizons at the farm. The slough soils were more saline than the farm soils. Sodium and chloride were the dominant ions in the slough soils, and calcium and sulfate dominated the farm soils suggesting that different salinization processes are taking place at the two sites; the salinity at the slough appears to be depression-focused and dominated by ground-water discharge while the salinity at the farm site appears to be controlled by precipitation and evapotranspiration

Organizational Learning Through Marketing Analytics In Health Care

There is widespread recognition of the importance of organizational learning to organizational performance and innovation. Recent research suggests that the use of analytics can play a critical role in enhancing organizational learning. However, the relationship between marketing analytics and organizational learning has not yet been well studied. More specifically, research is needed to help understand how analytics, marketing analytics in particular, facilitate organizational learning to develop a systematic, theoretical explanation of the relationship between organizational learning and marketing analytics. This phenomenon is studied in the very rich context of the health care industry. This research uses a case study to examine how organizational learning involving intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing can be facilitated by marketing analytics. Health care organizations are using marketing analytics to adapt to the changes in their rapidly changing environment. A conceptual framework has been developed to illustrate how marketing analytics capabilities in the organization are used to facilitate organizational learning. This study also provides recommendations on how health care organizations can enhance organizational learning with marketing analytics to improve their business performance

Information Systems and Healthcare XXXVI: Building and Maintaining Social Capital–Evidence from the Field

This study investigates how social capital is built and maintained in a Hybrid Virtual Communities (HVC), that is, a group of people with shared interests who meet face-to-face to exchange information and knowledge or provide emotional support and also do so in a “virtual” or online environment. Past health-IS research has primarily focused on pure virtual environments; however, many communities entail face-to-face interactions as well. This research helps fill this void. Discourse analysis of virtual interactions, face-to-face (FTF) observations, and semi-structured interviews of a patient-oriented HVC were analyzed, providing rich descriptive data. Using the theoretical foundation of social capital, this article extends existing theory by combining Drentea and Moren-Cross’s [2005] social support framework with Etzioni and Etzioni’s [1999] aspects of community framework to better explain building and maintaining social capital in a HVC