Interest Rate Changes and Commercial Bank Revenues and Costs

This paper estimates statistical cost. and revenue curves for a cross-section of banks in the years 1962-75. The primary data cover reported accounting or book rates of return. Approximations are also made to estimate economic or total returns. These approximations take into account changes in capital values during the year as a result of movements in interest rates measured by market yields of government securities of the proper duration. Book rates of return and costs adjust towards each other so that marginal rates received or paid for different activities tend to equalize. On the other hand, the rates of adjustment are slow. While movements in the cost of demand and time deposits correlate well with changes in market rates, not all of the advantages of interest rate ceilings are given up to depositors. Movements in interest rates cause sharp fluctuations in total returns. These movements are sharp enough so that in several years economic losses occurred rather than reported book profits. Furthermore, over this period the net economic returns of classes of assets were poorly correlated with their risks (their variance of returns).

Comparative chromatography of chloroplast pigment

Methods for isolation of low concentration pigments of the cocklebur species are described. The methods entail two step chromatography so that the different sorption properties of the various pigments in varying column parameters can be utilized. Columnar and thin layer methods are compared. Many conditions influence separability of the chloroplasts

Family Involvement, Clinician Beliefs and Child Psychiatric Rehospitalization

Psychiatric rehospitalization is estimated to fall between 30% and 50% among children and adolescents and is said to be the result of complex relationships between clinical and non-clinical child, family and service system factors. Psychiatric rehospitalization has been noted as an unfavorable outcome of inpatient treatment because of the associated economic to society and the family and emotional costs to the family and patient. Therefore, several attempts have been made in the relevant literature to identify and understand factors that will reduce the risk of rehospitalization in this population. In the context of parent professional collaboration, clinician beliefs and family involvement have been indicated as important aspects of treatment among children and youth. To better understand how clinician beliefs and family involvement in treatment influence psychiatric rehospitalization, a prospective study was conducted across four phases on the child and adolescent inpatient units at a large psychiatric facility in Southern California. Data was collected from parents (N=167) of hospitalized children (ages 8-13) and adolescents (ages 14-17) and from a multidisciplinary psychiatric clinical team (N=27). Study findings indicated that neither clinician beliefs nor parent participation in inpatient activities significantly predicted psychiatric rehospitalization. Parent perceptions of empowering behaviors on the part of clinicians, previous hospitalization and psychosocial risk significantly predicted psychiatric rehospitalization. Clinician beliefs did not moderate the relationship between empowering clinician behaviors and psychiatric rehospitalization. Additionally, nearly one-quarter of the children were rehospitalized within 90 days of discharge. Most of the children rehospitalized within the intervening period, were previously hospitalized, had 1 to 2 psychosocial risk factors, longer lengths of stay and were diagnosed with an internalizing disorder. The findings presented may be used to inform research, practice and policies aimed at improving mental health outcomes for children and adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral disorders

Mothering, Migration and the Global Village: Understanding Support for Mothering in the 21st Century Caribbean

This paper discusses some of the key findings from an exploratory study of Caribbean migrant mothers in Trinidad and Tobago and the role of the global media and web resources in supporting them as twenty-first century mothers. Social Capital theory was applied for assessing the importance of parental support networks for migrant mothers. The methodology employed included analysis of secondary data such as parenting web sites. Migrant mothers interviewed were identified through the snowball sampling method and questioned on their sources of support in their new home. The study reveals that post-modern Caribbean families are greatly affected by migration. Support networks are part of a mother’s social capital and many benefits are derived from those networks, whether local, trans-national, multi-national or virtual. Though these networks may be weakened through migration, information and telecommunications technology are of key importance in facilitating the maintenance of old and the building of new support networks. The role of the “village” in providing support remains significant. However, the village in the twenty-first century can now be conceptualized as ‘real’ or virtual’ spaces

Sickle cell disease in adults

This issue of eMedRef provides information to clinicians on sickle cell disease in adults

Composição do Conselho de Administração e desempenho bancário em um pequeno estado insular em desenvolvimento: o caso de Curaçao

Based on agency theory, this paper contributes to the literature by assessing the effects of Supervisory Board size, gender diversity, and multiple directorship on performance within the banking industry of the small island developing state: Curacao. The research made use of the data drawn from annual reports of locally generated banks and its subsidiaries. Results from linear regressions indicate a positive relationship between multiple directorship and bank performance, and a negative association between bank outcomes and both gender diversity and board size. According to these results, it is concluded that the legislation on corporate governance for credit institutions in Curacao should incorporate a maximum number of members on the board, as well as promote interlocking directorates and quotas by gender.Basado en la teoría de agencias, este documento contribuye a la literatura al evaluar los efectos del tamaño del Consejo de Administración, la diversidad de género y los directorios múltiples en el desempeño de los bancos en Curazao. Se utilizaron datos de informes anuales de bancos locales y sus subsidiarias. Los resultados de las regresiones lineales indican una relación positiva entre los directorios múltiples y el desempeño del banco, y una asociación negativa entre los resultados del banco y la diversidad de género y el tamaño del directorio. Se recomienda que la legislación sobre gobierno corporativo para bancos en Curazao incorpore un número máximo de miembros en el Consejo, así como promueva los directorios múltiples y las cuotas por género.Com base na teoria da agência, este trabalho contribui para a literatura avaliando os efeitos do tamanho do Conselho de Administração, a diversidade de gênero e os múltiplos diretórios sobre o desempenho dos bancos em Curaçao. Foram utilizados dados de relatórios anuais de bancos locais e suas subsidiárias. Os resultados das regressões lineares indicam uma relação positiva entre os diretórios múltiplos e o desempenho do banco, e uma associação negativa entre o desempenho dos bancos e a diversidade de gênero e o tamanho do diretório. É recomendável que a legislação de governança corporativa para bancos em Curaçao incorpore um número máximo de membros no Conselho, assim como promova múltiplos diretórios e cotas por gênero

Development and validation of a HPTLC method for analysis of Sunitinib malate

ABSTRACT A simple high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been developed and validated for determination of sunitinib malate and possible impurities. The samples were applied in forms of bands on an aluminum TLC plate pre-coated with silica gel and were separated using dichloromethane: methanol: toluene: ammonia solution as the mobile phase. Sunitinib malate was thoroughly separated from impurities including E-isomer, sunitinib N-oxide and impurity B with a retention factor (RF) of 0.35±0.02. Quantitative analysis of sunitinib was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of dichloromethane:methanol:ammonia solution, RF value was 0.53±0.02 for Z isomer. Detection was performed densitometrically in absorbance mode at 430 nm. This method was found to produce sharp, symmetrical, and well resolved peaks. Linear relationship with the coefficients of determination > 0.99 was achieved over the concentration range of 27.34 to 437.5 ng/spot. This method provides robust, replicable and accurate results with acceptable sensitivity

Reviews of

Antibiotic Switch therapy is defined by the switch of intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral form. This research aimed to learn about the relationship of switch therapy toward the value of wound healing, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure. The data of this cross sectional study was collected from medical record and by direct investigation to patients for their macroscopis the wound healings value. T-test was used to compared the relationship of the patient wound healings value, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure between the those with and accurate switch therapy and those without it. The result showed that there was no different of wound healing value between those groups of patients (P>0,1). On the other hand, lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure of the patient with the accurate switch therapy was cuted on the patient with the accurate switch therapy. These indicated that accuracy of switch therapy will proceed a benefit outcome to the patient with appendicitis, especially to there lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure as well