PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SECOND BLOCK THERMAL POWER PLANT PLJEVLJA

V magisterski nalogi smo predstavili možnost gradnje drugega bloka termoelektrarne v občini Pljevlja. Z gradnjo novega bloka TE Pljevlja želimo pokriti potrebe po električni energiji v Črni Gori in zmanjšati negativni vpliv na okolje obstoječe termoelektrarne. Predstavili smo tudi oceno vrednosti investicije za novo enoto v okviru obstoječe TE.  In this paper we present the possibility for construction of the second block thermal power plant in the municipality of Pljevlja. With the construction of a new block TPP Pljevlja we want to cover electricity demand in Montenegro and reducing the negative environmental impact of existing thermal power plants. We also presented an assessment of the value of the investment for a new unit within the existing thermal power plants

The Role of Bone Marrow Cells in the Phenotypic Changes Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy

<div><p>The aim of our study was to investigate the role of bone marrow cells in the phenotypic changes that occur in diabetic nephropathy. Bone marrow cells were obtained from either streptozotocin-induced diabetic or untreated control C3H/He mice and transplanted into control C3H/He mice. Eight weeks after bone marrow cell transplantation, renal morphologic changes and clinical parameters of diabetic nephropathy, including the urine albumin/creatinine ratio and glucose tolerance, were measured <i>in vivo</i>. Expression levels of the genes encoding α1 type IV collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 in the kidney were assayed. Our results demonstrated that glucose tolerance was normal in the recipients of bone marrow transplants from both diabetic and control donors. However, compared with recipients of the control bone marrow transplant, the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerular size, and the mesangial/glomerular area ratio increased 3.3-fold (p < 0.01), 1.23-fold (p < 0.01), and 2.13-fold (p < 0.001), respectively, in the recipients of the diabetic bone marrow transplant. Expression levels of the genes encoding glomerular α1 type IV collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 were also significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the recipients of the diabetic bone marrow transplant. Our data suggest that bone marrow cells from the STZ-induced diabetic mice can confer a diabetic phenotype to recipient control mice without the presence of hyperglycemia.</p></div

Renal pathology.

<p><b>(A)</b> The glomerular area of the diabetic recipients was markedly increased (1.23-fold increase in size; p < 0.01; n = 5). <b>(B)</b> The ratio of mesangial to glomerular area also increased in the diabetic recipients (2.13-fold increase, p < 0.001, n = 5). <b>(C)</b> The glomeruli of the control C3H/He mice appear normal in morphology and size. <b>(D)</b> The glomeruli of C3H/He mice with STZ-induced diabetes are large and have a marked increase in mesangial matrix. <b>(E)</b> The glomeruli of the control recipients appear normal in morphology and size. <b>(F)</b> The glomeruli of the diabetic recipients are large and have a marked increase in mesangial matrix (Periodic Acid–Schiff stain; original magnification: 400×). BMT, bone marrow transplant; BM, bone marrow.</p

Renal immunopathology.

<p>There was a large accumulation of collagen type IV in the glomerular mesangial space of the diabetic recipients. (A) Control recipients. (B) Diabetic recipients (original magnification 400×).</p

Changes in <i>Col4a1</i> mRNA expression in mesangial cells.

<p><b>(</b>A) mRNA expression of <i>Col4a1</i>. Hyperglycemia induces <i>Col4a1</i> expression in mesangial cells from both C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice. (B) <i>Col4a1</i> mRNA expression (expressed as a ratio of <i>Col4a1</i> to <i>GAPDH</i> expression) was increased following treatment with 30 mM glucose (closed bars), compared with that in 5.5 mM glucose (open bars), in both strains (*p < 0.05, n = 3). <i>Col4a1</i> expression at 30 mM glucose was significantly higher in C3H/He mesangial cells compared with that in C57BL/6 mesangial cells ^(#p < 0.01, n = 3).</p

Analysis of albuminuria levels.

<p>The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in the diabetic recipients was 3.3-fold higher than that of the control recipients (^##p < 0.01, n = 5), while they were lower than diabetic C3H/He mice (^@p < 0.05, n = 5). BMT, bone marrow transplant; BM, bone marrow.</p

Collagen Type I and IV assay in mesangial cell culture supernatants.

<p>*p < 0.05, compared with C57 mesangial cells in 5.5 mM glucose</p><p>**p < 0.01, compared with C3H mesangial cells in 5.5 mM glucose; and</p><p>#p < 0.01, compared with C57 mesangial cells in 30 mM glucose.</p><p>Collagen Type I and IV assay in mesangial cell culture supernatants.</p

Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs of the paired cells of <i>P. geminatum</i> ( = <i>C. geminatum</i>) to show the apical groove (short thin arrow), connection pore (arrow head, in panel b), cingulum (short thick arrow), flagellum (long thin arrow), and sulcus (long hollow arrow) (a–g).

<p>a) Apical views of the epitheca in the upper cell. b) Antapical views of the hypotheca in the upper cell. c) Vertical views of the lower cell. d) Antapical views of the hypotheca in the lower cell. e–g) Oblique ventral views of dual cells. Scale bar in all the photographs  = 20 µm.</p

Contents of 15 constituents in 7 decoctions.

<p>Contents of 15 constituents in 7 decoctions.</p

Sequential Superresolution Imaging of Multiple Targets Using a Single Fluorophore

<div><p>Fluorescence superresolution (SR) microscopy, or fluorescence nanoscopy, provides nanometer scale detail of cellular structures and allows for imaging of biological processes at the molecular level. Specific SR imaging methods, such as localization-based imaging, rely on stochastic transitions between on (fluorescent) and off (dark) states of fluorophores. Imaging multiple cellular structures using multi-color imaging is complicated and limited by the differing properties of various organic dyes including their fluorescent state duty cycle, photons per switching event, number of fluorescent cycles before irreversible photobleaching, and overall sensitivity to buffer conditions. In addition, multiple color imaging requires consideration of multiple optical paths or chromatic aberration that can lead to differential aberrations that are important at the nanometer scale. Here, we report a method for sequential labeling and imaging that allows for SR imaging of multiple targets using a single fluorophore with negligible cross-talk between images. Using brightfield image correlation to register and overlay multiple image acquisitions with ~10 nm overlay precision in the <i>x-y</i> imaging plane, we have exploited the optimal properties of AlexaFluor647 for dSTORM to image four distinct cellular proteins. We also visualize the changes in co-localization of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and clathrin upon EGF addition that are consistent with clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These results are the first to demonstrate sequential SR (s-SR) imaging using direct stochastic reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), and this method for sequential imaging can be applied to any superresolution technique.</p></div