943 research outputs found
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Intimacy, pleasure and the men who pay for sex
About the repository: This book brings together chapters by academics, researchers and practitioners to analyse how crimes such as sex work, domestic violence and rape and sexual assault have risen up the Government agenda in recent years. For example, the 'Paying the Price' consultation exercise on sex work in 2004, and recent legislation around sex crimes, including the Sex Offences Act (2003). This is a multi-disciplinary, social scientific, pro-feminist collection, which draws upon practice, empirical research, documentary analysis and overviews of research in the areas of sex work and sexual violence. Within Sex as Crime there are two distinct sub-sections: 'Sex for Sale' and 'Sex as Violence', but the broader and overriding link of sex as crime remains a paramount theme that spans the collection.
Chapters include discussions of the impact of new regulations on street sex workers, and of street sex work on community residents, the use of the internet by men who pay for sex and men who sell it, sexual violence and identity, sex crimes against children and protecting children online and working with sex offenders. Other chapters explore reasons for such offending behaviour
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Sex on the net: online relations between the men who pay for sex
[About the Book] How do people have relationships when they are apart, or develop them when they've never even met? From MySpace and weblogs to romance and sexuality, this book draws together a range of studies on remote relationships, investigating the intricate, intimate ways that people forge connections online. The term 'remote' refers to the technologies that facilitate forms of communication, and also underlines the lack of physicality involved in these relationships, developed at a distance. Using empirical data, these collected essays explore a wide variety of relationships, examining the methodological and ethical issues that researchers face. Remote Relationships in a Small World, part of a new generation of online studies, responds to the need for research that focuses on social relationships
Funding Methods and Pension Plan Amendments
This paper considers the treatment of plan amendments under the individual entry age normal and projected unit credit methods. Alternative treatments are considered, and comments are made about their acceptability
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On The Accuracy Of Calculation Of The Impedance Spectra Of Woodwind Instruments
Most woodwind instruments in museums may not be played, because of the risk of damage. However, if the acoustic impedance spectra (tube resonances) can be measured or calculated, many conclusions may be drawn about, for example, pitch, timbre, intonation, utility of alternative fingerings and effects of bore shrinkage.
Impedance measurement methods may sometimes be applied to instruments in museums, but are only meaningful if the instrument is in good playing condition, free from leaks. However, the overwhelming contribution to the acoustic properties of a woodwind is made by the shape of its air column. If the bore shape and tone holes are measured sufficiently accurately, we may compute the acoustic impedance of the instrument for all fingerings using standard equations of linear acoustics.
This methodology has been thoroughly tested by applying it to a Heckel bass clarinet in A (German system) from 1910. This working instrument has been kept continuously in good playing condition but has seen relatively light use. Measurements were made using a calibrated tape measure and (plastic) Vernier calipers, which minimized bore damage. The results were compared with experimental measurement of acoustic impedances using a BIAS system at the Open University. Impedance calculation software was written in MatLab™ following the scheme of Plitnik and Strong , using the later developments by Keefe , Cronin and Dalmont et al. For all fingerings the impedance peaks agreed with the calculations, on average to better than 10 cents in frequency for the peak forming the basis of the sounding note. This could be empirically corrected by an end correction of 3 mm (on a 1350 mm instrument). The reed/embouchure impedance was semi-empirically corrected by an end correction of 17 mm, which is consistent with the theory and experiments of Dalmont et al.4 on soprano clarinets.
Playing tests were in good agreement. The playing frequencies agreed well with the calculations using the above end corrections, both when the mouthpiece was fully pushed in and when it was pulled out by 10.8 mm to correct overall intonation. The calculations also correctly predicted the excellent tuning and timbre of the fork fingering for written Bb2, the “patent C#” fingering for C#3 and the unsuitability of the fork fingering for Eb2, which was about a quarter-tone sharp.
The ‘impedance mapping’ method of Jeltsch et al. has been further developed into a powerful tool for summarizing the acoustical behavior of a complete instrument and comparing it with other instruments. A new method of determining the cut-off phenomenon in woodwind instruments, utilizing the higher resonances in the tube, has shown that there is a cut-off band rather than a single frequency. In the case of the Heckel, the Benade approximation gives a cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz, whereas there is actually a range of 920 - 1320 Hz, dependent on the fingering.
These methods are being applied to the study of non-playable bass clarinets in museum collections, in an attempt to elucidate musical differences between instruments of different designs
Exploration History and Mineral Potential of the Central Arctic Zn-Pb District, Nunavut
Exploration in the central Arctic Zn-Pb District took place in five phases: 1) an initial exploration period (1960–70), during which most surface showings on Cornwallis and Little Cornwallis islands were found; 2) a discovery period (1971–79), during which the buried Polaris ore body was discovered and its feasibility and viability established, new showings were found farther afield, and many showings received limited drill testing; 3) the production period (1980–88), dominated by drilling at Polaris Mine; 4) an ore-replacement exploration period (1989–2001), during which showings close to Polaris were extensively drilled, showings on Cornwallis Island drill tested, and new showings found and drilled farther away; and 5) a reclamation period (2002–05), during which the infrastructure was removed and the mine site restored. Factors affecting the timing and rate of exploration were generally intrinsic to the region: 1) discovery of showings in 1960, 2) discovery of the Polaris ore body in 1971, 3) declining reserves between 1989 and 2002, 4) closure of the mine in 2002, 5) the short exploration season and difficult logistics, and 6) lack of competition. The external drivers of exploration were 1) oil-related exploration that led to the discovery of the Polaris showings, 2) the onset of regional exploration coinciding with spikes in the price of zinc, and 3) the surge in scientific interest in carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits in 1967. Probabilistic, discovery-time curve analysis indicates that over 50 showings remain undiscovered. Because logistics controlled the target selection, the standard assumption of a logical discovery process (from largest target to smallest target) is likely invalid. This means that large, untested targets may still exist in the district.Les travaux d’exploration dans le district de Zn-Pb du centre de l’Arctique se sont déroulés en cinq étapes : 1) une période d’exploration initiale (1960 - 1970), durant laquelle la plupart des traces détectées sur l’île Cornwallis et la Petite île Cornwallis ont été trouvées; 2) une période de découverte (1971- 1979), pendant laquelle la zone de minéralisation enterrée de Polaris a été découverte et sa faisabilité et sa rentabilité ont été déterminées, de nouvelles traces ont été décelées plus au loin, et de nombreuses traces ont fait l’objet d’un nombre restreint d’essais de foration; 3) une période de production (1980-1988), dominée par les travaux de foration à la mine Polaris; 4) une période d’exploration de remplacement de minerai (1989- 2001), dans le cadre de laquelle les traces situées à proximité de Polaris ont fait l’objet de forations intenses, les traces de l’île Cornwallis ont fait l’objet d’essais et de nouvelles traces ont été découvertes et forées plus loin; et 5) une période de remise en état (2002-2005), durant laquelle l’infrastructure a été retirée et l’emplacement de la mine a été restauré. Généralement, les facteurs touchant la programmation et le régime d’exploration étaient intrinsèques à la région : 1) la découverte des traces en 1960, 2) la découverte du corps minéralisé de Polaris en 1971, 3) la diminution des réserves entre 1989 et 2002, 4) la fermeture de la mine en 2002, 5) la courte saison d’exploration et la logistique qui présentait des difficultés, et 6) l’absence de concurrence. Les motifs externes à l’exploration étaient les suivants : 1) l’exploration pétrolière qui a engendré la découverte des traces de Polaris, 2) le début de l’exploration régionale qui coïncidait avec les variations brusques du prix du zinc, et 3) l’intérêt soudain, dans le monde scientifique, envers les gisements de Zn-Pb dans la roche hôte carbonatée en 1967. L’analyse probabiliste de la courbe de découverte par rapport au temps indique que plus d’une cinquantaine de traces n’ont toujours pas été découvertes. Puisque la logistique décidait du choix des cibles, il est très vraisemblable que l’hypothèse standard d’un processus de découverte logique (de la cible la plus grande à la cible la plus petite) ne soit pas valable. Cela signifie que de vastes cibles n’ayant pas fait l’objet d’essais existent encore dans le district
The evidence for automated grading in diabetic retinopathy screening
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Public understanding of solar radiation management
We report the results of the first large-scale international survey of public perception of geoengineering and solar radiation management (SRM). Our sample of 3105 individuals in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom was recruited by survey firms that administer internet surveys to nationally representative population samples. Measured familiarity was higher than expected, with 8% and 45% of the population correctly defining the terms geoengineering and climate engineering respectively. There was strong support for allowing the study of SRM. Support decreased and uncertainty rose as subjects were asked about their support for using SRM immediately, or to stop a climate emergency. Support for SRM is associated with optimism about scientific research, a valuing of SRM's benefits and a stronger belief that SRM is natural, while opposition is associated with an attitude that nature should not be manipulated in this way. The potential risks of SRM are important drivers of public perception with the most salient being damage to the ozone layer and unknown risks. SRM is a new technology and public opinions are just forming; thus all reported results are sensitive to changes in framing, future information on risks and benefits, and changes to context.Physic
Mechanical Behavior of Three-Dimensional Braided Nickel-Based Superalloys Synthesized via Pack Cementation
Braided tubes of Ni-based superalloys are fabricated via three-dimensional (3-D) braiding of ductile Ni-20Cr (wt pct) wires followed by post-textile gas-phase alloying with Al and Ti to create, after homogenization and aging, γ/γ′ strengthened lightweight, porous structures. Tensile tests reveal an increase in strength by 100 MPa compared to as-braided Ni-20Cr (wt pct). An interrupted tensile test, combined with X-ray tomographic scans between each step, sheds light on the failure behavior of the braided superalloy tubes
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