Book review: slums on screen: world cinema and the planet of slums by Igor Krstić

Nearly one billion people reside in slums around the globe, but how has this reality been depicted on the cinema screen? In Slums on Screen: World Cinema and the Planet of Slums, Igor Krstić offers a polycentric, interdisciplinary approach to exploring how slums have been represented on film over the last 100 years, including such critical and commercial hits as Slumdog Millionaire and Cidade de Deus (City of God) as well as examples drawn from Bombay Cinema. While he would have welcomed further comment on film reception, Shannon Philip finds this a fascinating read that challenges a number of assumptions about our ‘planet of slums’

Optimized Route Capability (ORC) Intelligent Offloading of Congested Arrival Routes

The Optimized Route Capability (ORC) concept is designed to enable intelligent offloading of congested arrival routes. When ORC predicts arrival route congestion as projected excess arrival meter fix delay, automation offers decision support to traffic managers by identifying candidate flights to strategically reroute to alternate meter fixes and alleviate the congestion. This concept was applied to a model of arrival operations into Houston International Airport. An arrival rush from the Northeast was simulated in fast-time to analyze ORC algorithm behavior. The results demonstrate how strategically rerouting a few flights to alternate meter fixes not only has the potential to manage meter fix delay (and possibly the need for traffic management initiatives applied upstream), but may also increase airport capacity utilization and reduce total flight delay

Identifying adults\u27 paths to discovering career passion

This study sought to identify the paths people take to discover their career passion and specifically endeavored to identify how people define passion, what process they follow to discover their passion, and what outcomes they experience as a result of exercising their passion in their work. A qualitative interview research design was used to conduct this study. Eight participants were identified using convenience sampling. Data were collected through in-person and telephone interviews. The research questions were answered using content analysis. Participants offered three definitions for passion: enjoying and feeling energized about one\u27s work, engaging in hard work inspired by the passion, and being in the flow or in the zone. The process of discovering passion consisted of multiple phases including having certain initial conditions for passion, making a conscious choice and dedicating effort, and maturing. Outcomes from working in the area of one\u27s passion included mutual benefits for the person and his or her clients, such as maintaining high performance, achieving maximum impact, experiencing significant intrinsic and emotional rewards, and gaining a supportive community. Limitations affecting this study included use of a small, rather homogeneous, convenience sample; gathering data exclusively through self-report; and recording data using handwritten notes. Suggestions for additional research include examining passion using a large, diverse sample; examining the factors that equip people to pursue passion at a given point in time and more fully examining what supports need to be in place to help them along the journey; and to produce a more objective measure of passion\u27s benefits

Research and Experimentation in Teaching Effectiveness: The Ethical Review Process and the IRB

Research and experimentation in teaching effectiveness, which makes research subjects of students in regular classroom settings, should be subject to an ethical review process that is separate from, and in addition to, the mandated review of human subjects research that is conducted by Institutional Review Boards. Furthermore, despite the moral dilemmas that often characterize ethical decisions in the review of teaching effectiveness, we should not shy away from developing and applying a basic set of normative principles for ethical decision making

Why Should I Care About SOTL? The Professional Responsibilities of Post-Secondary Educators

Over the last decade, there has been tremendous growth in the scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL) in post-secondary education. Yet, apart from a few significant exceptions, there has been very little discussion of the role this scholarship is to play in the professional activities of post-secondary educators. This essay defends the claim that as professional educators, all college professors have an ethical obligation to participate in SOTL. This participation entails both active research and scholarly review. On these grounds, SOTL is not an isolated slice of scholarly research; it is a necessary condition of post-secondary education

Rapid Metabolic Recovery Following Vigorous Exercise in Burrow-Dwelling Larval Sea Lampreys (\u3cem\u3ePetromyzon marinus\u3c/em\u3e)

Although the majority of the sea lamprey’s (Petromyzon marinus) life cycle is spent as a burrow-dwelling larva, or ammocoete, surprisingly little is known about intermediary metabolism in this stage of the lamprey’s life history. In this study, larval sea lampreys (ammocoetes) were vigorously exercised for 5 min, and their patterns of metabolic fuel depletion and replenishment and oxygen consumption, along with measurements of net whole-body acid and ion movements, were followed during a 4–24-h postexercise recovery period. Exercise led to initial five- to sixfold increases in postexercise oxygen consumption, which remained significantly elevated by 1.5–2.0 times for the next 3 h. Exercise also led to initial 55% drops in whole-body phosphocreatine, which was restored by 0.5 h, but no significant changes in whole-body adenosine triphosphate were observed. Whole-body glycogen concentrations dropped by 70% immediately following exercise and were accompanied by a simultaneous ninefold increase in lactate. Glycogen and lactate were quickly restored to resting levels after 0.5 and 2.0 h, respectively. The presence of an associated metabolic acidosis was supported by very high rates of metabolic acid excretion, which approached 1,000 nmol g-1 during the first 2 h of postexercise recovery. Exercise-induced ion imbalances were also rapidly alleviated, as initially high rates of net Na+ and Cl- loss (—1,200 nmol g-1h-1 and —1,800 nmol g-1h-1 respectively) were corrected within 1–2 h. Although larval sea lampreys spend most of their time burrowed, they are adept at performing and recovering from vigorous anaerobic exercise. Such attributes could be important when these animals are vigorously swimming or burrowing as they evade predators or forage

The role of adverse childhood experiences as determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings

The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of, and determine the effect of adverse childhood experiences on non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings. Data for this study were obtained from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 2038 children and adolescents aged 8–18 years (M = 12.49; SD = 2.88, 61.1% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify predictors of non-suicidal self-injury as a function of adverse childhood experiences, depression, and social support while simultaneously controlling for age, gender, type of patient, legal guardianship, marital status of parents/caregivers, history of foster family placement, and mental health diagnoses. Of the 2038 children and adolescents examined, 592 (29%) of this clinical sample engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. In the multivariate logistic regression model, children and adolescents who were physically abused had 49% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury and children and adolescents who were sexually abused had 60% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury, when compared to their non-abused counterparts. Other predictors of non-suicidal self-injury include: older age, female gender, inpatient status, depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorder, and mood disorders. Children and adolescents who had some form of social support had a 26% decrease in the odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Assessment procedures for indicators of mental health, particularly among children and adolescents with a history of adverse childhood experiences, should also take into account non-suicidal self-injury. In addition to bolstering social support networks, addressing depression and related emotion regulation skills in childhood may help prevent future non-suicidal self-injury behaviors

The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Findings from community and inpatient mental health settings in Ontario, Canada

Although bullying victimization has been linked to a number of behavioral and emotional problems among adolescents, few studies have investigate the mechanism through which bullying victimization affect non-suicidal self-injury. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Data for this study came from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 1650 adolescents aged 12–18 years (M =14.56; SD =1.79; 54.2% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to identify the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury. Of the 1650 adolescents studied, 611 representing 37% engaged in non-suicidal self-injury and 26.7% were victims of bullying. The effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury was partially mediated by depressive symptoms after adjusting for the effect of demographic characteristics, history of childhood abuse, social support, and mental health diagnoses. The contribution of bullying victimization and depression to non-suicidal self-injury adds to the case for the development of trauma-focused interventions in reducing the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents