Public diplomacy of Japan in Central Asia: the examples of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan

This study focuses on the role of public diplomacy in shaping and implementing Japan’s foreign policy in Central Asia. Based on elements of cultural empathy, Japan creates an attractive image in Central Asia through the active use of public diplomacy resources and official development assistance. The central issue is that Japan uses public diplomacy in Central Asia more actively than is officially indicated. The dynamics of the development of foreign policy relations between Japan and Central Asia (CA) is examined by analyzing the examples of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, focusing on common areas of cooperation and manifestations of public diplomacy in the two countries. Qualitative research methods are used in work, including analysis of the content of documents and interviews. Both in the documents and responses in the interviews, in line with a constructivist approach to international relations, evidence was sought on how Japan identifies and promotes itself with the CA region and the countries concerned, and on the use of public diplomacy as a social power tool respectively. It was concluded that Japan has several areas of interest in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, including cooperation in the fields of education, economic development in the region, political reforms, and energy resources. Following Japan’s new initiative in 2015, the countries of Central Asia and Japan have established diplomatic ties and partnerships that continue to grow. Even though the analyzed documents seem to show that Japan’s interest in CA is low, the existence of implemented projects proves the opposite.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Communicative Situation and Linguistic Composition of a Target text in Specialised Translation: Contextual and Conceptual Aspect

The article highlights the dependence of the degree to which the content of the source text is reproduced in translation on the peculiarities of the communicative situation and the translation strategy. The problem is topical due to the need to specify the strategies of specialized translation in the framework of the communicative-functional approach to translation. Three types of strategies as well as communicative situations in which translation is used are defined. The text of a register receipt and its translations is used for analysis. Special attention is paid to substantiation of the necessity to take into account the needs of the target text recipient and the translation goal in choosing a translation strategy and the means of its implementation. The authors argue that the content of a specialized text is reproduced in translation to the degree which is predetermined by the characteristics of the substantive activity of the target text end-user. It is also argued that the provisions of the so called text-oriented approach to translation have no validity for choosing a strategy of translating a specialized text. The research is innovative for the fact that it proves that there is no need to reproduce the content of a specialized text in full in some communicative situations. The notion of ergonomics of translation defined as convenience to use the target text by its recipient is novel

On the Importance of a Translator’s Strategic Competence in Performing a Need-focused Translation

Статья посвящена рассмотрению стратегической компетенции, которая в соответствии с коммуникативно-функциональным подходом к переводу понимается как совокупность умений переводчика по осуществлению переводческого анализа коммуникативной ситуации и текста и выбору наиболее подходящей стратегии перевода и методов ее реализации. Обосновывается важность принципа обучения студентов переводу как средству удовлетворения потребностей конкретных людей, применение которого подразумевает помещение переводческого акта в контекст определенной коммуникативной ситуации. Действенность этого принципа, нацеленного в том числе на развитие у студентов стратегической компетенции, подтверждается примером моделирования двух коммуникативных ситуаций, в которых в качестве объекта перевода выступает один и тот же текст и специфика которых обусловливает использование двух разных стратегий перевода — стратегии коммуникативно-равноценного перевода и стратегии переадресации.The paper deals with a strategic competence, viewed in accordance with the communicative-functional approach to translation as a set of translator’s skills, which consist in conducting a translation-oriented analysis of a given communicative situation and text and subsequently choosing the most appropriate translation strategy and methods of its implementation. It substantiates the importance of the principle of teaching students translation as a means of meeting the need of a certain person, the use of which implies the immersion of a translation activity in a certain communicative situation. The effectiveness of this principle, aimed, among other things, at developing students’ strategic competence, is exemplified by simulating two communicative situations in which one and the same source text is used and the peculiarity of which determines the use of two different translation strategies — the strategy of communicatively equivalent translation and the strategy of redirection

Borylation of calix[4]resorcinols under ultrasonic irradiation

The use of ultrasonic irradiation in the reactions of trialkyl borates with octahydroxytetraoctyl[l 4] metacyclophane allowed us obtaining tetraalkoxyboratocavitands with higher yields and under milder conditions. We first obtained 1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 1,3,2-dioxaborinane derivatives of tetraoctyl[l 4]meta-cyclophane using ultrasonic irradiation. Boratocavitands were converted into the corresponding amine complexes with isobutylamine. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Changes in the indicators of the general blood test after COVID-19

The article presents the results of a study of the total blood count of 65 patients who had been ill with COVID-19, which were used to identify changes in the main clinical indicators as a result of the defeat of the body by the virus. This approach is based on the hypothesis that the COVID-19 virus affects blood cells. All the studied cases were divided into 3 groups according to the period of the laboratory study. The average age of the patients was 57 years (range from 36 to 84 years). Detection of changes in the general blood test can become one of the methods of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.В статье представлены результаты исследования общего анализа крови 65 пациентов, переболевших COVID-19, которые были использованы для выявления изменений основных клинических показателей в результате поражения организма вирусом. Такой подход основан на гипотезе о том, что вирус COVID-19 поражает клетки крови. Все исследуемые случаи были разделены на 3 группы в соответствии с периодом проведения лабораторного исследования. Средний возраст пациентов при этом составлял 57 лет (диапазон от 36 до 84 лет)

Behind the new European Union strategy on Central Asia: some conceptual aspects

The research article would be devoted to the study on the new EU-Central Asia strategy for partnership, which has been presented this year in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Given geopolitical characteristics of region countries and importance of Central Asian region for the world leading countries and economies, authors develops further research ideas on the theoretical, methodological and legal basics of that strategy. For almost three decades of partnership, Central Asia has become of a great strategic importance to the European Union due to the geographic location of the region between Asia and Europe and mutual common interests in cooperation issues. The new EU-CA cooperation strategy lies within the general foreign policy of the European Union towards its neighboring countries and regions. The author tries to find and justify changes and challenges of new strategy, comparing to the previous one, and comes to the conclusion on the inevitable importance of the European Union for the future development of Central Asian region. Key words: European Union, Central Asia, new strategy, partnership, aspects

Перевод специального текста с позиции стратегии терциарного перевода

According to the communicative-functional approach to translation any translation is made by applying a certain translation strategy and a number of relevant tactics. When choosing a translation strategy, a translator is supposed to define the goal of translation on the basis of a complex analysis of a communicative situation of specialised translation. One of the strategies is the strategy of tertiary translation. In the research paper by establishing a communicative situation of specialised translation requiring the strategy in question the author attempts to ascertain translation tactics which provide its successful implementationСогласно коммуникативно-функциональному подходу к переводу всякий перевод выполняется с помощью определенной стратегии и комплексом тактик перевода. Выбирая подходящую стратегию, переводчик руководствуется целью перевода, определяемой на основе комплексного анализа коммуникативной ситуации специального перевода. Одна из таких стратегий – стратегия терциарного перевода. В настоящей статье на примере коммуникативной ситуации специального перевода, требующей применения стратегии терциарного перевода, предпринимается попытка установить набор переводческих тактик, гарантирующих успешную реализацию выбранной стратеги

Перевод специального текста с позиции стратегии терциарного перевода

According to the communicative-functional approach to translation any translation is made by applying a certain translation strategy and a number of relevant tactics. When choosing a translation strategy, a translator is supposed to define the goal of translation on the basis of a complex analysis of a communicative situation of specialised translation. One of the strategies is the strategy of tertiary translation. In the research paper by establishing a communicative situation of specialised translation requiring the strategy in question the author attempts to ascertain translation tactics which provide its successful implementationСогласно коммуникативно-функциональному подходу к переводу всякий перевод выполняется с помощью определенной стратегии и комплексом тактик перевода. Выбирая подходящую стратегию, переводчик руководствуется целью перевода, определяемой на основе комплексного анализа коммуникативной ситуации специального перевода. Одна из таких стратегий – стратегия терциарного перевода. В настоящей статье на примере коммуникативной ситуации специального перевода, требующей применения стратегии терциарного перевода, предпринимается попытка установить набор переводческих тактик, гарантирующих успешную реализацию выбранной стратеги