Frequency of Predisposing Factor of Nausea and Vomiting After Chest Surgery Under General Anaesthesia

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common and distressing postsurgical symptoms. These symptoms are of particular concern in outpatient surgery because they may require additional direct resources, such as supplies and antiemetic drugs, and may delay discharge. The objective of this study was to measure the frequency of factors which can cause nausea and vomiting under general anaesthesia after chest surgery. Methodology: This descriptive case series evaluated frequency of predisposing factor of nausea and vomiting in patients of anaesthesia department of Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore. Questionnaire is made and patients were asked about their age, fever, previous surgery, NPO status, smoking history and hospital stay. This study included 140 patients with post-operative nausea and vomiting. Results: In this study, 140 patients were taken in which  65 (46.43%) were female and 75 (53.57%) were male. In 140 patient 134 (95.7%) were NPO and 6 (4.3%) were not  NPO, 25 (17.9%) were obese and 115 (82.1%) were not obese, 88 (62.9%) patients were suffering fever and 52 (37.1%) were not suffering fever, 80 (57.1%) were infected and 59 (42.1%) were not infected, 53 (37.9%) patients had previous surgery and 87 (62.1%) had no previous surgery, 94 (67.1%) patients had received nitrous oxide and 46 (32.9%) didn\u27t, 97 (69.3%) received volatile gases and 43 (30.7%) not received, 29 (20.7%) received ketamine and 111 (79.3%) not received, 87 (62.1%) received suxamethonium and 53 (37.9%) not received, 119 (85.0%) received propofol and 21 (15.0%) not received, 110 (78.6%) received naluphine and 28 (20.0%) not received. Out of 140 patients, there were 122 (87.1%) who were suffering from pain and 18 (12.9%) were not. 91 (65.0%) patients had gastric distention and 49 (35.0%) patients didn\u27t. Opioids were given to 34 (24.3%) patients and not given to 106 (75.7%) patient. Conclusion: It is concluded that the nausea and vomiting after surgey under genral anesthesia is due to patient related factors in which most frequent is NPO. Drug related factors include propofol and nalbupin administration. Post operative factors include pain. In whole study of 140 patients, the  most frequent is patient related factor (NPO) other than drug related factors and post-operative factors

Linking Information Sharing And Supplier Network Responsiveness With Delivery Dependability Of A Firm

The twenty first century organization is required to provide accurate on time deliveries in addition to providing high quality products at low costs. This can be achieved if various processes within and between the organizations are streamlined and well defined. Several studies have indicated the significance of various manufacturing (or internal) practices that are instrumental in creating time-based competitive capability. Collaborative relations and information sharing practices with suppliers have long been believed to positively impact the responsiveness and delivery performance of organizations and supply chains. Responsive suppliers can play a key role in affecting a firm’s own delivery performance.  This research investigates and tests the relationships between information sharing practices of a firm, supplier network responsiveness, and delivery dependability of a firm. The large scale web-based survey yielded 294 responses from industry professionals in the manufacturing and supply chain area. The proposed relationships were tested using structural equation modeling. The research findings point out that higher level of information sharing practices can lead to improved supplier network responsiveness, and higher levels of supplier network responsiveness can have a direct positive impact on delivery dependability of a firm. The implications of our findings are discussed and directions for future research are provided

Smoking behaviour among young doctors of a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background:Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. There are more than one billion smokers in the world. Almost half of the world's children breathe air polluted by tobacco. Aim of current study was to study the smoking trends among young doctors in a tertiary care institute in north India.Methods:A descriptive observational cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 250 doctors of a tertiary care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir (Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, SKIMS) during the two months of February-March, 2014. The predesigned tool adopted during data collection was a questionnaire that was developed at the institute with the assistance from the faculty members and other experts.Results:Among 250 participants, (20%) were smokers; among smokers, (76%) were regular smokers and (24%) were occasional smokers. Majority of smokers were in the age group of 21-30 years (80%) & started smoking between 11-20 years (70%). All of them were male (100%). No significant difference was observed among urban and rural students. Among smokers, majority (60%) was in the practice of smoking for last 6 months to 1 year and 26% smoked for <6 months; & (14%) smoked for more than 5 years .It was found more than half of the responding (60%) students used to smoke 5-9 cigarettes per day; 14% is <5 and 26% consumed 10 or more per day .Among smokers, peer pressure was found in 80% cases. (χ2 = 107, P <0.001). Among smokers, almost 20% had other addiction and among non-smokers only 5% had .Effect of parental smoking  was significantly higher in smokers than non-smoker (χ2 = 66.2, P <0.001) .It was seen that peer pressure was the most important risk factor (60%) of initiation of smoking habit followed by parental influence (20%). Majority (78.4%) had no intention to quit in the next 6 months. Lack of Incentive (36.36%) and Addiction (27.27%) were the main reasons for not quitting.Conclusion:We need to create more awareness regarding hazards of smoking in general population especially in medical students, and afterwards provide psychological and pharmacological support for those who intend to quit, as medical students can themselves become a tool to fight this hazard at all levels.

Significant impact of +105 A>C promoter polymorphism in IL-18 cytokine in patients with kidney stone disease

Background: Inflammation may be one cause of nephrolithiasis and the interleukin-18 (IL-18) encoding gene   polymorphisms at +105 A>C has been implicated in several inflammation related diseases. The aim of this study was to test whether IL-18+105 A>C polymorphisms could act as genetic marker for renal stone disease. A case-control study was conducted to observe the genotype distribution of IL-18+105 A>C, to elucidate the possible role of this SNP as risk factor in renal stone development and to examine its correlation with the clinico-pathologic variables.Methods: Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, we tested the genotype distribution of 160 nephrolithiasis patients in comparison with 200 disease free controls from the same geographical region.  Results: We observed significant differences of IL-18+105 A to C between the controls and patients with odds ratio 5.4 (P = 0.001). The prevalence of the variant genotypes AC + CC in the patients was higher than that in the controls (45% v/s 30%) and showed a significant association (P = 0.003). Moreover, the frequency per copy of the C allele of IL-18+105 A>C was found to be implicated more in patient group 0.27 as against only 0.16 in controls (P = 0.0003). Further, males and subjects with C is implicated in renal stone disease, and that the rare, C related allele is connected with higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis.

High-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantifi cation of duloxetine in rat plasma

Se desarrolló un método HPLC selectivo y sensible para la cuantifi cación de duloxetina en plasma de ratas. Se utilizótrifl uoperacina como estándar interno (IS). El presente método utilizó la precipitación de proteínas para la extraccióndel fármaco del plasma de las ratas. La separación y cuantifi cación se realizaron en modo isocrático utilizando comofase móvil tampón fosfato de 25 mM (pH 3,0)/acetonitrilo (60:40, % v/v) y en fase reversa una columna fenil C18(250 mm x 4,6 mm, 5μ). El efl uente de la columna se monitorizó con un detector UV a 217 nm. Este método fuelineal en el intervalo 44 – 2816,00 ng/ml con un coefi ciente de regresión superior a 0,99. La recuperación media deduloxetina e IS fue 82,33 ± 2,10 y 75,37 ± 1,07, respectivamente y el método fue exacto, preciso y específi co duranteel estudio. Este método validado es sensible y reproducible y puede utilizarse para estudios farmacocinéticos.A sensitive and selective HPLC method was developed for quantifi cation of duloxetine, in rat plasma. Trifl uoperazinewas used as an internal standard (IS). The present method used protein precipitation for extraction of the drug fromrat plasma. Separation and quantifi cation was carried using in isocratic mode using 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH3.0)/acetonitrile (60:40, % v/v) as mobile phase and on reverse-phase C18 phenyl column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5μ) andthe column effl uent was monitored by UV detector at 217 nm. This method was linear over the range of 44 - 2816.00ng/ml with regression coeffi cient greater than 0.99. The mean recovery of duloxetine and IS were 82.33 ± 2.10 and75.37 ± 1.07, respectively and the method was found to be precise, accurate and specifi c during the study. This validatedmethod is sensitive and reproducible and it can be used for pharmacokinetic studies

Método de cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento para la cuantificación de duloxetina en plasma de ratas

A sensitive and selective HPLC method was developed for quantifi cation of duloxetine, in rat plasma. Trifluoperazine was used as an internal standard (IS). The present method used protein precipitation for extraction of the drug from rat plasma. Separation and quantification was carried using in isocratic mode using 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (60:40, % v/v) as mobile phase and on reverse-phase C18 phenyl column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5μ) and the column effluent was monitored by UV detector at 217 nm. This method was linear over the range of 44 - 2816.00 ng/ml with regression coefficient greater than 0.99. The mean recovery of duloxetine and IS were 82.33 ± 2.10 and 75.37 ± 1.07, respectively and the method was found to be precise, accurate and specific during the study. This validated method is sensitive and reproducible and it can be used for pharmacokinetic studies.Se desarrolló un método HPLC selectivo y sensible para la cuantifi cación de duloxetina en plasma de ratas. Se utilizó trifluoperacina como estándar interno (IS). El presente método utilizó la precipitación de proteínas para la extracción del fármaco del plasma de las ratas. La separación y cuantificación se realizaron en modo isocrático utilizando como fase móvil tampón fosfato de 25 mM (pH 3,0)/acetonitrilo (60:40, % v/v) y en fase reversa una columna fenil C18 (250 mm x 4,6 mm, 5μ). El efluente de la columna se monitorizó con un detector UV a 217 nm. Este método fue lineal en el intervalo 44 – 2816,00 ng/ml con un coeficiente de regresión superior a 0,99. La recuperación media de duloxetina e IS fue 82,33 ± 2,10 y 75,37 ± 1,07, respectivamente y el método fue exacto, preciso y específico durante el estudio. Este método validado es sensible y reproducible y puede utilizarse para estudios farmacocinéticos

Monitoring the Formation of Amyloid Oligomers Using Photoluminescence Anisotropy

The formation of oligomeric soluble aggregates is related to the toxicity of amyloid peptides and proteins. In this manuscript, we report the use of a ruthenium polypyridyl complex ([Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+) to track the formation of amyloid oligomers at different times using photoluminescence anisotropy. This technique is sensitive to the rotational correlation time of the molecule under study, which is consequently related to the size of the molecule. [Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+ presents anisotropy values of zero when free in solution (due to its rapid rotation and long lifetime) but larger values as the size and concentration of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers increase. Our assays show that Aβ forms oligomers immediately after the assay is started, reaching a steady state at ∼48 h. SDS–PAGE, DLS, and TEM were used to confirm and characterize the formation of oligomers. Our experiments show that the rate of formation for Aβ oligomers is temperature dependent, with faster rates as the temperature of the assay is increased. The probe was also effective in monitoring the formation of α-synuclein oligomers at different timesAAM thanks the Welch Foundation (Grant C-1743) and JM thanks AEI (SAF2017-89890-R), ERC (DYNAP-677786) and HFSP (RGY0066/2017) for financial supportS

Leptin interacts with glucagon-like peptide-1 neurons to reduce food intake and body weight in rodents

AbstractThe adipose tissue hormone, leptin, and the neuropeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide (GLP-1) both reduce food intake and body weight in rodents. Using dual in situ hybridization, long isoform leptin receptor (OB-Rb) was localized to GLP-1 neurons originating in the nucleus of the solitary tract. ICV injection of the specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin(9–39), at the onset of dark phase, did not affect feeding in saline pre-treated controls, but blocked the reduction in food intake and body weight of leptin pre-treated rats. These findings suggest that GLP-1 neurons are a potential target for leptin in its control of feeding