Assessment of Triglycerides Levels in Gestational Diabetes - A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the impaired glucose tolerance that is recognized first time during pregnancy. When a woman gets pregnant, glucose intolerance increases and manifests as a positive GDM diagnosis. It has been considered a transient condition because after delivery the majority of cases return to normoglycemic levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Data were collected in a period of 06 months between July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 100 women were included in the study and 5cc of their blood was taken from the vein under aseptic measures for measuring serum triglyceride levels after 12 hours of overnight fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean Serum Triglyceride level of study subjects was 181.17±33.62 mg/dl, with a range of 151-359 mg/dl. Around two-third, 66% of women had <181 mg/dl of Serum Triglyceride level, and 34% of patients had it >181 mg/dl. Our observation was that the mean level of Serum Triglyceride was not different significantly among age, BMI, gestational age, educational and socio-economic groups with p-value >0.05.Conclusion: This study highlights that the circulating mean triglyceride level in GDM subjects was significantly elevated from the normal pregnancy levels

Impact of Newtonian heating and Fourier and Fick’s laws on a magnetohydrodynamic dusty Casson nanofluid flow with variable heat source/sink over a stretching cylinder

The present investigation aims to deliberate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dusty Casson nanofluid with variable heat source/sink and modified Fourier’s and Fick’s laws over a stretching cylinder. The novelty of the flow model is enhanced with additional effects of the Newtonian heating, activation energy, and an exothermic chemical reaction. In an exothermic chemical reaction, the energy of the reactants is higher than the end products. The solution to the formulated problem is attained numerically by employing the MATLAB software function bvp4c. The behavior of flow parameters versus involved profiles is discussed graphically at length. For large values of momentum dust particles, the velocity field for the fluid flow declines, whereas an opposite trend is perceived for the dust phase. An escalation is noticed for the Newtonian heating in the temperature profile for both the fluid and dust-particle phase. A comparison is also added with an already published work to check the validity of the envisioned problem

Association analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in North England population with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Numerous diabetes susceptibility loci, include a region consisting vitamin D receptor gene found in chromosome 12q, have been known using genome wide screens. Aim: The aim of present study is to probe the relationship between polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Five hundred T2DM patients and 200 healthy subjects with normal HbA1c( 64 5.0 %), fasting blood sugar ( 64 120 mg/dL) and random blood sugar ( 64 140 mg/dL) were enrolled. Metholodgy: The genotypes were found by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Results: revealed that no considerable differences in frequencies of genotype and allele of the Bsm I and Fok I polymorphisms between healthy and patients in the North England (For Fok I: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.72\u20131.12; for Bsm I: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.79\u20131.98). Conclusion: It is recommended that both following polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene may not considerably add to the progression of T2DM in the North England

Analysis of Newtonian heating and higher-order chemical reaction on a Maxwell nanofluid in a rotating frame with gyrotactic microorganisms and variable heat source/sink

The goal of this study is to investigate the rotating Maxwell nanoliquid flow incorporating gyrotactic microbes with Newtonian heating and irregular heat source sink. The motion of the flow is induced due to linearly unidirectional elongated surface. The uniqueness of the flow is enhanced by the inclusion of additional phenomenon of higher order chemical reaction incorporated with Darcy Forchheimer flow, Fourier and Fick law. Numerical solution of the formulated problem is developed via bvp4c function in MATLAB. The influence of the embroiled parameters on the flow distribution is demonstrated through various graphs and tables. It is noticed that fluid velocity declines on incrementing the rotation parameter. An upsurge in thermal field is portrayed on augmenting the Newtonian heating. Comparative analysis of the results of the proposed model with previous published research is included which confirms the validity of the current model

Paternal postnatal depression among fathers of newborn in Saudi Arabia

Paternal postnatal depression (PPND) is not a commonly recognized phenomenon. The aim of the study was to identify the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) cutoff for Saudi fathers, to estimate PPND prevalence and to determine the risk factors of PPND among fathers of newborn in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study of fathers with babies born up to 6 months prior to the survey was conducted. Fathers were screened using EPDS and demographic questionnaire. The fathers were selected using systematic random sampling from visitors to the birth registration office. A subsample of participants from the postnatal wards in a tertiary care was invited for additional evaluation by a psychologist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for major depressive disorders. Receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to identify fathers with depression; a cutoff of 8/9 was optimal to achieve sensitivity 77.8% and specificity 81.3%. Adjusted prevalence of PPND was reported with corresponding Wilson 95% confidence interval. Two hundred and ninety fathers completed the EPDS and demographic questionnaire. Of 72 invited participants, 57 (79.16%) attended the diagnostic interview. The average age of fathers was 34.97 ± 8.56 years, the average maternal age was 29.18 ± 7.41 years, average age of the newborn was 43.13 ± 35.88 days. PPND adjusted prevalence was 16.6% (95% CI [8.5, 25.6]). Paternal mental health needs equal attention during and postdelivery of newborn. Fathers should receive perinatal and postnatal mental health assessment to prevent behavioral problems in their children and disruption of relationship with their spouse

PET/CT Imaging of Lymphoma Outside the Western World

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Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

A fluorogenic assay for methylglyoxal

MG (methylglyoxal) is a potent glycating agent and an endogenous reactive dicarbonyl metabolite formed in all live cells and organisms. It is an important precursor of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) and is implicated in aging and disease. MG is assayed by derivatization by 1,2-diaminobenzene derivatives in cell extracts. Such assays are not applicable to high sample throughput, subcellular, live-cell and in vivo estimations. The use of fluorogenic probes designed for NO (nitric oxide) detection in biological samples and living cells has inadvertently provided probes for the detection of dicarbonyls such as MG. We describe the application of DAF-2 (4,5-diaminofluorescein) and DAR-1 (4,5-diaminorhodamine) for the detection of MG in cell-free systems and application for high-throughput assay of glyoxalase activity and assay of glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids. DAF-2 and DAR-1, as for related BODIPY probes, do not have sufficient sensitivity to detect MG in live cells. Care will also be required to control for NO and dehydroascorbate co-detection and interference from peroxidase catalysing the degradation of probes to MG and glyoxal. Fluorogenic detection of MG, however, has great potential to facilitate the assay of MG and to advance towards that capability of imaging this product in live cells in vitro and small animals in vivo