Vehicle Suspension Including a Link

A link of a vehicle suspension is elastic and includes three suspension points. A first point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a wheel carrier of the corresponding vehicle. A second point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a rigid chassis of the corresponding vehicle. The third point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a shackle, the shackle pivotally connecting the third point to the rigid chassis of the vehicle

Selection of the spraying technologies for over-coating of metal-stampings with thermo-plastics for use in direct-adhesion polymer metal hybrid load-bearing components

The suitability of various polymer-powder spraying technologies for coating of metal-stampings used in polymer metal hybrid (PMH) load-bearing automotive-component applications is considered. The suitability of the spraying technologies is assessed with respect to a need for metal-stamping surface preparation/treatment, their ability to deposit the polymeric material without significant material degradation, the ability to selectively overcoat the metal-stamping, the resulting magnitude of the polymer-to-metal adhesion strength, durability of the polymer/metal bond with respect to prolonged exposure to high-temperature/high-humidity and mechanical/thermal fatigue service conditions, and compatibility with the automotive body-in-white (BIW) manufacturing process chain. The analysis revealed that while each of the spraying technologies has some limitations, the cold-gas dynamic-spray process appears to be the leading candidate technology for the indicated applications

Selection of the spraying technologies for over-coating of metal-stampings with thermo-plastics for use in direct-adhesion polymer metal hybrid load-bearing components

The suitability of various polymer-powder spraying technologies for coating of metal-stampings used in polymer metal hybrid (PMH) load-bearing automotive-component applications is considered. The suitability of the spraying technologies is assessed with respect to a need for metal-stamping surface preparation/treatment, their ability to deposit the polymeric material without significant material degradation, the ability to selectively overcoat the metal-stamping, the resulting magnitude of the polymer-to-metal adhesion strength, durability of the polymer/metal bond with respect to prolonged exposure to high-temperature/high-humidity and mechanical/thermal fatigue service conditions, and compatibility with the automotive body-in-white (BIW) manufacturing process chain. The analysis revealed that while each of the spraying technologies has some limitations, the cold-gas dynamic-spray process appears to be the leading candidate technology for the indicated applications

Computational analysis of injection-molding residual-stress development in direct-adhesion polymer-to-metal hybrid bodyin-white components

Automotive structural components a b s t r a c t To overcome some of the main limitations of the current polymer metal hybrid (PMH) technologies, a new approach, the so-called "direct-adhesion" PMH process, has been recently proposed [Grujicic, M., Sellappan, V., Arakere, G., Seyr, N., Erdmann, M., in press. Computational feasibility analysis of direct-adhesion polymer-to-metal hybrid technology for load-bearing body-in-white structural components, J. Mater. Process. Technol.]. Within this approach, the necessary level of polymer-to-metal mechanical interconnectivity is attained through the use of polymer-to-metal adhesion promoters. Such promoters are applied to the metal stamping prior to their placement into the injection mold for plastic-subcomponent injection molding. The resulting enhanced polymer-to-metal adhesion affects the way injected plastic develops residual stresses while it is cooled from the plastic-melt temperature down to room temperature. In the present work, injection-molding mold-filling and material-packing analyses are combined with a structural analysis involving polymer/metal adhesion analysis to assess the extent of residual stresses and warping in a prototypical direct-adhesion PMH component. The magnitude and the distribution of such stresses and distortions are critical for the component assembly, performance and durability. The results obtained show that adhesion at the metal-stamping/plastics-subcomponent interfaces, whose presence is the bases for the direct-adhesion PMH technology, has a profound effect on the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses/distortions in the PMH component and that it must be taken into account when the component and its manufacturing processes are being designed. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction While metals and plastics are typically fierce competitors in automotive manufacturing, the polymer-metal-hybri

Long-term Administration of Pancuronium and Pipecuronium in the Intensive Care Unit

This study was performed to determine the optimum dose of pancuronium (n = 30) and pipecuronium (n = 30) under continuous sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was an open clinical investigation in 60 critically ill patients with head injury, multiple trauma (in some complicated with sepsis and multi-organ failure), requiring neuromuscular block for ventilation for at least 48 h. Emphasis was placed on the neuromuscular monitoring with a peripheral nerve stimulator and adequate sedation and analgesia. Satisfactory block was achieved in all cases with an average dose of 3 mg/h with either compound. None of the patients experienced prolonged paralysis, muscle weakness, or other neuromuscular dysfunctions in the postventilatory period. We suggest that adequate use of sedative hypnotics and opioids plus neuromuscular monitoring allowed us to optimize the dose of muscle relaxants according to the need of individual patients.</p