Comparison of Iris Fixated and Scleral Fixated intra Ocular Lens for Correction of Aphakia in Traumatic Cataract with no Proper Capsular Support

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes and complications of iris fixated and scleral fixated intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients suffering from traumatic cataract with no proper capsular support.Patients and Methods: This prospective interventional study was performed in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between May 2015 and May 2016. Twenty five patients with traumatic cataract and no proper capsular support for IOL implantation in the bag or sulcus were included and randomly underwent either iris fixated or sulcus fixated IOL implantation. Follow up visits were performed one day, one week, four weeks, three months and six months after surgery. In each visit visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, placement of IOL and anterior chamber reaction were studied. Results: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients underwent iris fixation and 12 eyes of 12 patients underwent scleral fixation of IOL. The average patient age at presentation was 29.12 ± 16.32. In the follow up visit one week after IOL fixation three patients in each group had significant anterior chamber inflammation. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of patients with elevated IOP (P = 0.96), dislocated IOL (P = 0.480) and complications such as wound dehiscence and iridocorneal adhesion. Also no statistically significant difference regarding the mean BCVA three months after surgery was observed (P = 0.55).Conclusion: We did not observe any significant difference in outcome of iris and scleral fixation of IOL in traumatic eye injuries with no effective capsular support.&nbsp

An investigation on the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Dorema aucheri (Bilhar) on some pathogenic bacteria in vitro

       Dorema aucheri is a plant that grows in Iran. In Persian it is called (Bilhar). This experimental study was carried out at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. After collection and preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dorema aucheri (Bilhar), The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bilhar was evaluated against 7 laboratory strains of microorganisms, including 4 Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis) and 3 Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Its effects against human pathogen microorganism were determined using “Spreading of the Extract on Medium Surface” and “Disk Agar Diffusion Method”, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) were determined for this extract. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA. The zone of inhibition for the ethanolic extract varied from 8 mm for P. aeruginosa to 24 mm for S. pyogenes and from 7 mm for P. aeruginosa to 19 mm for S.pyogenes in the aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 2 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml while the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) ranged between 4 mg/ml and 256 mg/ml. Among of tested strains, P. aeruginosa has maximum MIC and MBC. 30 and 40 mg/mL Concentrations of Redcurrant have significant antimicrobial effect on bacteria. Antibacterial effect of extracts was decreased with decrease of extract concentration in disk. According to result, ethanolic extract of Dorema aucheri have antimicrobial effect on growth of all of the strains exposed analyzes and antimicrobial effect of that was maximum on Gram-positive bacterum of S. pyogenes. P. aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Bilhar extracts. The present study demonstrated that the ethanol leaf extract of Dorema aucheri hold an excellent potential as an antibacterial agent.

Radioprotective Effect of Beta D-Glucan and Vitamin E on Gamma Irradiated Mouse

Introduction: It is shown that beta-D-glucan is an immunologic system booster with radioprotectory effects. Radioprotectors are chemical components that can alleviate biological damage produced by ionizing radiation. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the synergistic radioprotectory effects of beta-D-glucan and vitamin E on irradiated mice with 60Co source. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 female mice were arranged in four, equal population groups of control group (C), treated group with beta D-glucan (G), treated group with vitamin E (E), and treated group with both beta D-glucan and vitamin E (G+E). Each group was divided into three equal population groups of D6, D7 and D8 exposed to 60Co radiation with prescribed total body dose of 6, 7 and 8 Gray (Gy), respectively. After the exposure, the number of survived animals was counted by time, then Lethal Dose50/30 (LD50/30), Lethal Dose50/60 (LD50/60) and Dose Reduction Factor (DRF) were calculated in all groups and corresponding groups. R esults: Based on the results of current study, treatment of the animals with vitamin E did not change values of LD50/30 and LD50/60, in comparison to control group. LD50/30 and LD50/60 of treated groups with beta D-glucan and beta D-glucan + vitamin E showed significant difference with those of control group (p<0.01). The DRF values in groups E, G and G + E, were calculated respectively as 1, 1.25 and 1.375 based on LD50/30, and respectively as 1, 1.17 and 1.33 based on LD50/60. While values of DRF in groups G and G + E showed significant difference in comparison to that of control group (p<0.01), but the difference between DRF of groups G and G + E was not significant (p=0.395). C onclusion: The findings of study obviously showed that, presence of beta D-glucan in the body of mice, during exposure to ionizing radiation, leads to DRF of higher than one, proving the radioprotectory effect of this agent. Also, we demonstrated that, while vitamin E had no radioprotectory effect on irradiated mice, beta D-glucan in combination with vitamin E increased resistance of mice against ionizing radiation

Antimicrobial effects of Kelussia odoratissima extracts against food borne and food spoilage bacteria "in vitro"

The aim of this paper was to investigate the antibacterial potential of Kelussia odoratissima Mozff extract against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Karafs-eKoohi with the scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima is an Iranian endemic edible plant in the middle region of Iran with enormous use as food, spice and medicinal herb. The antibacterial effect of the extracts was investigated using pour plate and disk diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC( and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also studied using the dilution method. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results showed that in disk diffusion method all concentrations of ethanolic extract had inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC( of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 16 and 8 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 32 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 32 and 16 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 64 and 32mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the extract of Kelussia odoratissima had a satisfactory antimicrobial activity and the ethanolic extract of Kelussia odoratissima leaves had greater inhibitory effects on the strains studied compared to aqueous extract in vitro. A significant correlation was also observed between zone of inhibition and concentration of extracts

Epidemiological and Histopathological Assessment of Corneal Dystrophies Leading to Corneal Transplantation

AbstractPurpose: To carry out an epidemiological assessment of corneal dystrophies leading to corneal transplantation and to determine different subtype frequencies. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, pathological records of patients who had corneal transplantations other than endothelial keratoplasty between the years 2002 and 2014 were examined. To determine different subtype frequencies when corneal dystrophies led to corneal transplantation the IC3D classification of corneal dystrophies-edition 2 was used. Results: Of the 5867 eyes undergoing corneal transplant surgery during the study timeframe, 239 (4.07%) belonged to patients with corneal dystrophy. The most common age group was between 20 and 29 years (n=57; 23.8%). Macular corneal dystrophy was the most frequent corneal dystrophy subtype (n=117; 49%). Patients with epithelial and sub-epithelial dystrophies were significantly younger, and patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and lattice corneal dystrophy were the oldest age group when undergoing corneal transplantation. Conclusions: Based on our findings Macular corneal dystrophy was the most common corneal dystrophy subtype in patients scheduled for corneal transplantations other than endothelial keratoplasty.   Keywords: Corneal dystrophy; Pathology; Corneal transplantation, Iran

A Comparison between Prophylactic Vitrectomy and Laser Photocoagulation in Treatment of Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome

Purpose: To compare the results of prophylactic pars plana vitrectomy with barrier laser photocoagulation in treatment of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). Patients and Methods: Fifteen ARN patients were retrospectively included in this study. At presentation, all patients had severe vitreous involvement without any detectable break or retinal detachment (RD), either in funduscopy or echography exams. All patients received intravenous acyclovir 2 g/daily for two weeks. Eight patients underwent prophylactic vitrectomy and seven patients underwent barrier laser photocoagulation after resolution of vitritis. Visual and structural outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: In eight vitrectomized patients, one patient (12.5 %) experienced RD. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly in this group (P=  0.027). Among seven patients undergoing barrier laser photocoagulation, 3 patients (43 %) developed RD and BCVA improvement was not significant (P=  0.207). Comparison between the two groups did not show any statistically significant benefit when comparing post treatment BCVA (P=  0.59) or RD prevention (P=  0.282). Conclusion: Early prophylactic vitrectomy, in the course of ARN has been suggested as a useful method in preventing RD and improving the visual outcome, but the results of the present study did not indicate any significant benefit for vitrectomy compared to barrier laser photocoagulation. Further studies with bigger sample size are recommended to compare these two methods of treatment.Keywords: Retinal necrosis syndrome; Acute; Treatment outcome; Vitrectomy; Retinal detachment

Post-laser refractive surgery keratitis: A concise narrative review

Laser refractive surgery (LRS) is a specialized surgical discipline within ophthalmology that focuses on vision correction via laser techniques. LRS requires a high rate of accuracy and exactitude to improve the visual outcome and minimize complications, which may lead to delayed visual recovery. Keratitis, either infectious or noninfectious, is a post-LRS complication that requires early diagnosis and proper interventional measures. In this narrative review, we summarize different aspects of keratitis following LRS. This literature review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the causes of post-LRS infectious keratitis and its appropriate management for successful outcomes

Clinical Characteristics and Mortality of a Hospitalized 13 Years Old Patient with Covid-19: A Case Report

The corona virus is a global problem that threatens human life. According to the latest data from different countries the mortality of this virus in children is less than adult. A 13-year-old girl was hospitalized for 6 months following a gunshot trauma and its complications. When her general condition was finally improving, she was diagnosed with the corona virus and passed away. Children who are suffering from underlying diseases and need medical care are at a higher risk of death from the corona virus

Subconjunctival Myolipoma Confirmed with Immunohistochemical Analysis: A Case Report

Purpose: To report the clinicopathological features of a rare case of subconjunctival myolipoma and its treatment results.Case Report: A 17-year-old female patient referred to our center with a white-pink mass in her left upper bulbar conjunctiva. The lesion extended to the forniceal conjunctiva. The patient had otherwise normal complete ocular examinations and underwent complete surgical excision of the mass due to cosmetic concerns. The tumor was examined with light–microscopy, following hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), Masson-trichrome, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.A definite diagnosis of subconjunctival myolipoma was acheived following the pathological assessment. Six months postoperatively, no tumor recurrence was noted, and ocular examinations were within normal limits