Ultrastructural view of colon anastomosis under propolis effect by transmission electron microscopy

AIM: To evaluate the effect of propolis administration on the healing of colon anastomosis with light and transmission electron microscopes

The effects of simvastatin on bone healing around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats

Objective: Osteoporosis is known to impair the process of implant osseointegration. The recent discovery that statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) act as bone anabolic agents, suggests statins can be used as potential agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that statins will promote osteogenesis around titanium implants in subjects with osteoporosis. Materials and methods: Fifty-four female Sprague Dawley rats, aged 3 months old, were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (SHAM; n=18); ovariectomized group (OVX; n=18); and ovariectomized with Simvastatin treatment group (OVX+SIM; n=18). 56 days after being ovariectomized (OVX), screw-shaped titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Simvastatin was administered orally at 5mg/kg each day after the placement of the implant in the OVX+SIM group. The animals were sacrificed at either 28 or 84 days after implantation and the undecalcified tissue sections were obtained. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads were measured around the cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone regions. Furthermore, bone density (BD) of zone B in a 500 µm -wide zone lateral to the implants was also measured. Results: There were no significant differences in BIC and BA measurements in zone A in any of the three groups at either 28 or 84 days after implantation (P>0.05). By contrast, in zone B significant differences in the measurement of BIC, BA, and BD were observed at 28 and 84 days between all three groups. Bone healing decreased with lower BIC, BA and BD around implant in OVX group compared with other two groups and Simvastatin reversed the negative effect of OVX on bone healing around implants with the improvement of BIC, BA, and BD in zone B. Conclusion: Osteoporosis can significantly influence bone healing in the cancellous bone around titanium implants and Simvastatin was shown to significantly improve the osseointegration of pure titanium implants in osteoporotic rats

Mouse ovarian tissue vitrification on copper electron microscope grids versus slow freezing: a comparative ultrastructural study

There are many reasons, including cancer therapy, for premature ovarian failure and infertility. Oocyte, embryo and ovarian cryopreservation are current options for fertility preservation. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is essential in patients whose cancer therapy cannot be delayed, including prepubertal girls, and is mostly performed using slow freezing. In the present study, mouse ovarian tissues were vitrified on copper electron microscope grids (n=18) or conventionally slow frozen (n=18). Post-thaw tissues were examined histologically using light and electron microscopy and compared with the control group. According to light microscopy observations, antral follicles were found to be better preserved with the slow freezing technique rather than vitrification. Electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria in the oocyte cytoplasm, condensations in the zona pellucida, breakages in the junctions of granulosa cells and vacuolisation in the extracellular space in pathologic follicles, which were relatively more frequent, in the vitrification group after thawing. These results indicate that ovarian slow freezing is preferable than vitrification on copper electron microscope grids, especially for larger follicles. Conversely, vitrification of ovarian pieces using cooper grids is user-friendly and provided good protection for primordial follicles and stromal cells. There is a need for further studies into advanced tissue vitrification techniques and carriers.This study was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Projects grant no. 10B3330003

Effect of honey on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology in obstructive jaundice

AIM: To evaluate the effects of honey on bacterial translocation and intestinal villus histopathology in experimental obstructive jaundice

Effects Of Honey As A Scolicidal Agent On The Hepatobiliary System

AIM: To examine the effects of 10% diluted honey, which has been shown to be scolicidal, on the liver and biliary system and determine whether it could be used as a scolicidal agent in the presence of biliary-cystic communication. METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two groups. Honey with 10% dilution in the study group and 0.9% saline (NaCl) in the control group were injected into the common bile ducts of rats through a 3-mm duodenotomy. The animals were sacrificed 6 mo after the procedure. Histopathological, biochemical, and radiological examinations were performed for evaluation of side effects. RESULTS: At the end of the sixth month, liver function tests were found to be normal in both groups. The tissue samples of liver and ductus choledochus of the honey group showed no histomorphologic difference from the control group. No stricture on the biliary tree was detected on the retrograde cholangiograms. CONCLUSION: According to these results,,we concluded that 10% diluted honey could be used as scolicidal agent safely in the presence of biliary-cystic communication. (c) 2008 WJG. All rights reserved.WoSScopu

Propolis reduces bacterial translocation and intestinal villus atrophy in experimental obstructive jaundice

AIM: To investigate the effects of propolis on bacterial translocation and ultrastructure of intestinal morphology in experimental obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups, each including 10 animals: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL); group III, BDL followed by oral supplementation of propolis 100 mg/kg per day. Liver, blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileal samples were taken for microbiological, light and transmission electron microscopic examination on postoperative 7(th) d after sacrification. RESULTS: The mean number of villi per centimeter and mean mucosal height of the propolis group were significantly different in the BDL group (P = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). The electron microscopic changes were also different between these groups. Sham and BDL+propolis groups had similar incidence of bacterial translocation (BT). The BDL group had significantly higher rates of BT as compared with sham and BDL + propolis groups. BT was predominantly detected in MLNs and the most commonly isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli. CONCLUSION: Propolis showed a significant protective effect on ileal mucosa and reduced bacterial translocation in the experimental obstructive jaundice model. Further studies should be carried out to explain the mechanisms of these effects. (C) 2007 WJG. All rights reserved

The protective effect of diosmin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: an experimental study

Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important pathologic process leading to bodily systemic effects and liver injury. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of diosmin, a phlebotrophic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, in a liver IRI model. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. Sham group, control group (ischemia-reperfusion), intraoperative treatment group, and preoperative treatment group. Ischemia reperfusion model was formed by clamping hepatic pedicle for a 60 minute of ischemia followed by liver reperfusion for another 90 minutes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as antioaxidant enzymes in the liver tissues, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker, xanthine oxidase (XO) as an oxidant enzyme and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as antioaxidant enzyme were measured in the liver tissues and the plasma samples. Hepatic function tests were lower in treatment groups than control group (p<0.001 for ALT and AST). Plasma XO and MDA levels were lower in treatment groups than control group, but plasma GSH-Px levels were higher (p<0.05 for all). Tissue MDA levels were lower in treatment groups than control group, but tissue GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and XO levels were higher (p<0.05 for MDA and p<0.001 for others). Samples in control group histopathologically showed morphologic abnormalities specific to ischemia reperfusion. It has been found that both preoperative and intraoperative diosmin treatment decreases cellular damage and protects cells from toxic effects in liver IRI. As a conclusion, diosmin may be used as a protective agent against IRI in elective and emergent liver surgical operations. (C) 2013 Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FB&H. All rights reserve

Behcet's: A Disease or a Syndrome? Answer from an Expression Profiling Study

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic inflammatory disorder with unanswered questions regarding its etiology/pathogenesis and classification. Distinct manifestation based subsets, pronounced geographical variations in expression, and discrepant immunological abnormalities raised the question whether Behcet's is a disease or a syndrome. To answer the preceding question we aimed to display and compare the molecular mechanisms underlying distinct subsets of BD. For this purpose, the expression data of the gene expression profiling and association study on BD by Xavier et al (2013) was retrieved from GEO database and reanalysed by gene expression data analysis/visualization and bioinformatics enrichment tools. There were 15 BD patients (B) and 14 controls (C). Three subsets of BD patients were generated: MB (isolated mucocutaneous manifestations, n = 7), OB (ocular involvement, n = 4), and VB (large vein thrombosis, n = 4). Class comparison analyses yielded the following numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); B vs C: 4, MB vs C: 5, OB vs C: 151, VB vs C: 274, MB vs OB: 215, MB vs VB: 760, OB vs VB: 984. Venn diagram analysis showed that there were no common DEGs in the intersection MB vs C boolean AND OB vs C boolean AND VB vs C. Cluster analyses successfully clustered distinct expressions of BD. During gene ontology term enrichment analyses, categories with relevance to IL-8 production (MB vs C) and immune response to microorganisms (OB vs C) were differentially enriched. Distinct subsets of BD display distinct expression profiles and different disease associated pathways. Based on these clear discrepancies, the designation as Behcet's syndrome (BS) should be encouraged and future research should take into consideration the immunogenetic heterogeneity of BS subsets. Four gene groups, namely, negative regulators of inflammation (CD69, CLEC12A, CLEC12B, TNFAIP3), neutrophil granule proteins (LTF, OLFM4, AZU1, MMP8, DEFA4, CAMP), antigen processing and presentation proteins (CTSS, ERAP1), and regulators of immune response (LGALS2, BCL10, ITCH, CEACAM8, CD36, IL8, CCL4, EREG, NFKBIZ, CCR2, CD180, KLRC4, NFAT5) appear to be instrumental in BS immunopathogenesis

The protective effect of diosmin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: an experimental study

Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important pathologic process leading to bodily systemic effects and liver injury. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of diosmin, a phlebotrophic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, in a liver IRI model. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. Sham group, control group (ischemia-reperfusion), intraoperative treatment group, and preoperative treatment group. Ischemia reperfusion model was formed by clamping hepatic pedicle for a 60 minute of ischemia followed by liver reperfusion for another 90 minutes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as antioaxidant enzymes in the liver tissues, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker, xanthine oxidase (XO) as an oxidant enzyme and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as antioaxidant enzyme were measured in the liver tissues and the plasma samples. Hepatic function tests were lower in treatment groups than control group (p<0.001 for ALT and AST). Plasma XO and MDA levels were lower in treatment groups than control group, but plasma GSH-Px levels were higher (p<0.05 for all). Tissue MDA levels were lower in treatment groups than control group, but tissue GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and XO levels were higher (p<0.05 for MDA and p<0.001 for others). Samples in control group histopathologically showed morphologic abnormalities specific to ischemia reperfusion. It has been found that both preoperative and intraoperative diosmin treatment decreases cellular damage and protects cells from toxic effects in liver IRI. As a conclusion, diosmin may be used as a protective agent against IRI in elective and emergent liver surgical operations