INTENSIVE METHODS OF GROWING PLANTING MATERIAL OF SMALL-SEEDED WOODY SPECIES IN SEMI-DESERT CONDITIONS

Background. The issue of the use of hydrophilic polymers in forestry in the arid conditions of the Volgograd region has been little studied and remains very relevant. The changing natural and climatic conditions of the region require careful selection of an assortment of tree and shrub species and preparations that improve their growth, development and resistance to environmental factors. Purpose. Study of the influence of polymer materials on the species of hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth.), branched tamarix (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.) in arid conditions. Materials and methods. The effect of three forms of Hydrosous polyacrylamide (HS) was studied: granular in doses 0, 30, 60, 120, 480, 960, 1920 kg/ha, powdered at a dose of 480 kg /ha, saturated with macro- and micro-fertilizers at a dose of 480 kg/ ha on birch and tamarix with the use of fine-drip irrigation, the distance between the centers of the seed rows are 40 cm . The seeding rate of class 1 seeds was 7 g/1 m of the seeding groove. The experiment also included options with mulching birch crops with sawdust 1-2 mm thick, peat 1-2 mm and straw 2-3 cm. In the variant of the experiment with black poplar, sowing seeds in a hydrogel suspension, sowing seeds in water, sowing seeds with dry hydrogel granules, sowing dry seeds (control) were used. Freshly harvested seeds, stirring periodically, were germinated for 36 hours in a hydrogel suspension and an aqueous medium. 5 kg of hydrogel polymer, 100 kg of peat, 10 m3 of water and 40 kg of seeds were used for the preparation of the hydrogel suspension, 0.5 polymer, 10 g of humus and 4 g of seeds were added per 1 ha or 1 liter of water. Results. According to the results of the experiment, birch seedlings grew and developed better in the variant with the introduction of a granular polymer of 960 kg / ha – the diameter of the root neck was 4.8 mm, when the polymer was applied at a dose of 1600 kg / ha, the first shoots after sowing appeared after 14 days. When taking soil samples in tamarix crops, its moisture content was 25.8% in the experiment variant with a polymer dosage of 1600 kg/ha, the best density was observed in the experiment variant with a polymer dosage of 3200 kg/ha. The size and yield of 2-year-old tamarix seedlings when hydrophilic polymers were introduced into the soil turned out to be better in the experiment variant with a dose of 1600 kg/ha. The black poplar showed the best growth results in the variant of sowing in a suspension of hydrogels, the linear growth of seedlings in height was 9.6 cm. Conclusions. Sowing germinated seeds of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) in a liquid medium in the presence of hydrogels and fertilizers allows to increase seed germination, reduce the time of emergence of mass seedlings, accelerate growth rates, improve the quality of seedlings. Polyacrylamide Hydrosous allows you to increase soil moisture, lower its density, which is important for the arid conditions of the research region. During the growth and development of plants under the influence of Hydrosous, the diameter of the root neck of seedlings increased, the dynamics of growth in height and the dates of the appearance of the first shoots decreased

Practical thermodynamics of Yukawa systems at strong coupling

Simple practical approach to estimate thermodynamic properties of strongly coupled Yukawa systems, in both fluid and solid phases, is presented. The accuracy of the approach is tested by extensive comparison with direct computer simulation results (for fluids and solids) and the recently proposed shortest-graph method (for solids). Possible applications to other systems of softly repulsive particles are briefly discussed.Comment: Published in J. Chem. Phy

The Minimum-Uncertainty Squeezed States for for Atoms and Photons in a Cavity

We describe a six-parameter family of the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states for the harmonic oscillator in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. They are derived by the action of corresponding maximal kinematical invariance group on the standard ground state solution. We show that the product of the variances attains the required minimum value 1/4 only at the instances that one variance is a minimum and the other is a maximum, when the squeezing of one of the variances occurs. The generalized coherent states are explicitly constructed and their Wigner function is studied. The overlap coefficients between the squeezed, or generalized harmonic, and the Fock states are explicitly evaluated in terms of hypergeometric functions. The corresponding photons statistics are discussed and some applications to quantum optics, cavity quantum electrodynamics, and superfocusing in channeling scattering are mentioned. Explicit solutions of the Heisenberg equations for radiation field operators with squeezing are found.Comment: 27 pages, no figures, 174 references J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., Special Issue celebrating the 20th anniversary of quantum state engineering (R. Blatt, A. Lvovsky, and G. Milburn, Guest Editors), May 201

Воздействие высокой концентрации оксида азота на оксигенаторы аппаратов искусственного кровообращения (экспериментальное исследование)

The aim of the study. To study the effect of high nitric oxide concentrations on hollow polypropylene fibers of oxygenators.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage, we evaluated the stability of oxygenator membrane made of hollow polypropylene fibers after six hours of exposure to air-oxygen mixture containing NO at 500 parts per million, or 500 pro pro mille (ppm) concentration, using mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. At the second stage, an experiment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was conducted on 10 pigs. In the study group (n=5) animals sweep gas was supplied to the oxygenator as an air-oxygen mixture with NO at 100 ppm. In the control group animals (n=5) an air-oxygen mixture was used without NO. The CPB lasted for 4 hours, followed by observation for 12 hours. NO, NO2 (at the inlet and outlet of the oxygenator), and the dynamics of methemoglobin were evaluated. After weaning of animals from CPB, the oxygenators were tested for leakproofness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed.Results. The oxygenator made of polypropylene hollow fibers retained its gas transfer parameters after six hours of exposure to air-oxygen mixture containing NO at 500 ppm. Based on IR-Fourier spectroscopy findings, NO did not affect structural integrity of polypropylene membranes. NO added to gas mixture at 100 ppm did not increase NO2 to toxic level of 2 ppm in 91% of control tests during 4 hours CPB in pigs; mean value was 1.58 ± 0.28 ppm. Methemoglobin concentration did not exceed the upper limit of permissible level (3%), and there were no statistically significant differences with the control group. All tested oxygenators have passed the leakproofness test. According to SEM findings, larger amounts of fibrin deposits were found in the control group oxygenators vs study group.Conclusion. There were no negative effects of NO at 500 ppm concentration on the oxygenator membrane made of hollow polypropylene fibers. NO at 100 ppm in a gas-mixture supplied to oxygenators did not lead to an exceedance of safe NO2 and methemoglobin concentrations in an animal model. Reduced fibrin deposits on hollow fibers of polypropylene oxygenator membranes were observed when with NO at a level of 100 ppm was added to a gas mixture.  Цель исследования. Изучить воздействие высоких концентраций оксида азота на полипропиленовые полые волокна оксигенаторов.Материалы и методы. Исследование провели в два этапа. На первом этапе с помощью масс-спектрометрии и инфракрасной спектроскопии выполнили оценку стабильности мембраны оксигенатора из полых волокон полипропилена после шестичасового воздействия воздушно-кислородной смеси, содержащей NO в концентрации 500 пропромилле, или 500 частей на миллион – parts per million (ppm). На втором этапе провели эксперимент на 10 свиньях с подключением аппарата искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Животным основной группы (n=5) в оксигенатор подавали воздушно-кислородную смесь, содержащую NO в концентрации 100 ppm. Животным контрольной группы (n=5) в оксигенатор подавали воздушно-кислородную смесь без NO. Процедура ИК длилась 4 часа, затем следовало наблюдение в течение 12 часов. Оценивали NO, NO2 (на входе и выходе из оксигенатора), динамику метгемоглобина. После отключения от ИК оксигенаторы тестировали на герметичность, а также выполняли сканирующую электронную микроскопию (СЭМ).Результаты. Оксигенатор из полипропиленовых полых волокон сохранял свои газотранспортные характеристики после шестичасового воздействия воздушно-кислородной смеси с добавлением NO в концентрации 500 ppm. По данным ИК-Фурье спектроскопии показали, что NO не влияет на структуру мембран из полипропилена. Добавление NO в дозировке 100 ppm во время 4 часов ИК у свиней не сопровождалось повышением концентрации NO2 до токсичного уровня 2 ppm в 91% измерений: среднее значение составило 1,58 ± 0,28 ppm. Концентрация метгемоглобина не превышала верхнего  предела  допустимых  значений  (3%),  не  обнаружили  каких-либо статистически значимых различий при сравнении с группой контроля. Все исследуемые оксигенаторы выдержали тестирование на герметичность. По результатам СЭМ оксигенаторы группы контроля характеризовались большим количеством отложений фибрина, чем оксигенаторы основной группы.Заключение. Негативного воздействия NO в концентрации 500 ppm на мембраны оксигенаторов из полых волокон полипропилена не обнаружили. Подача в оксигенатор NO в концентрации 100 ppm NO2 не приводила к превышению безопасного содержания NO2 и метгемоглобина в эксперименте на животных. Выявили снижение образования отложений фибрина на полых волокнах мембран оксигенаторов из полипропилена при подаче NO в концентрации 100 ppm

Collective excitations in two-dimensional fluid with dipole-like repulsive interactions

Collective excitations in a two-dimensional fluid with repulsive dipole-like interactions are systematically studied by molecular dynamics simulations. A two-oscillator model is used to reconstruct dispersion curves and to measure q-gap boundary values in the dispersion relation of the transverse (shear) mode. Functional form for the dependence of the q-gap boundary value on the coupling parameter is suggested. The results obtained can be used in future investigations of collective excitations in fluids, especially in two-dimensional cases

Onset of transverse (shear) waves in strongly-coupled Yukawa fluids

A simple practical approach to describe transverse (shear) waves in strongly-coupled Yukawa fluids is presented. Theoretical dispersion curves, based on hydrodynamic consideration, are shown to compare favorably with existing numerical results for plasma-related systems in the long-wavelength regime. The existence of a minimum wave number below which shear waves cannot propagate and its magnitude are properly accounted in the approach. The relevance of the approach beyond plasma-related Yukawa fluids is demonstrated by using experimental data on transverse excitations in liquid metals Fe, Cu, and Zn, obtained from inelastic x-ray scattering. Some potentially important relations, scalings, and quasi-universalities are discussed. The results should be interesting for a broad community in chemical physics, materials physics, physics of fluids and glassy state, complex (dusty) plasmas, and soft matter

Обзор качества питьевой воды в северных районах Московской области на основе данных Роспотребнадзора и частных лабораторий

The problem of drinking water quality affects many aspects of our lives. The use of water that does not comply with the established safety standards can provoke various adverse consequences for humans. This article reviews the quality of drinking water in water intake wells, public wells, springs, and centralized water supply points in apartment buildings in the Taldom and Dmitrov town districts of the Moscow region. As a result of the analysis of the indicators of 76 sources in these areas, it was found that drinking water that fully complies with the Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01 is observed only in 3 sources. Which advises 3.9% of the total. In 96.1% of the sources, the water is not suitable for drinking and requires additional cleaning measures (up to sanitary and hygienic regulatory requirements for disinfection).Проблема качества питьевой воды затрагивает многие стороны нашей жизни. Употребление воды, не соответствующей установленным нормативам безопасности, может спровоцировать разные неблагоприятные последствия для человека. Проведен обзор качества питьевой воды в водозаборных скважинах, общественных колодцах, родниках и точках централизованного водоснабжения в многоквартирных домах в Талдомском и Дмитровском городских округах Московской области. В результате анализа показателей 76 источников в указанных районах установлено, что питьевая вода, полностью соответствующая нормам СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01, наблюдается лишь у 3 источников. Это составляет 3,9 % от общего количества. В 96,1 % источниках вода непригодна для питья и требует дополнительных мероприятий по очистке (до санитарно-гигиенических нормативных требований по обеззараживанию)

Experimental studies of two-dimensional complex plasma crystals: waves and instabilities

A review of experimental studies on waves, phonon dispersion relations and mode coupling instability in two-dimensional complex plasma crystals is presented. An improved imaging method allowing the simultaneous measurements of the three waves modes (compression in-plane, shear in-plane and out-of-plane modes) is exposed. This method is used to evidence the formation of hybrid modes and the triggering of the mode coupling instability due to wake-mediated interactions. The main stages of the mode coupling instability are analyzed. In the early stage, synchronization of the microparticle motion at the hybrid mode frequency is reported. The spatial orientation of the observed synchronization pattern correlates well with the directions of the maximal increment of the shear-free hybrid mode. When the instability is fully developed, a melting front is formed. The propagation of the melting front has similarities with flame propagation in ordinary reactive matter. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that an external mechanical excitation of a stable 2D complex plasma crystal can trigger the mode coupling instability and lead to the full melting of the two-dimensional complex plasma crystal

The Cation Effect on the Free Volume and the Solubility of H₂S and CO₂ in Ionic Liquids Based on Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate Anion

Herein, we report for the first time a study dedicated to acidic gases’ solubility in ionic liquids with sterically hindered bulky anion, namely bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate ([doc]), experimentally evaluated at low pressures. The effect of cation change (imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium) on the thermophysical properties and sorption capacities was also discussed. The densities and the activation energies of the tested ILs exhibited minor differences. Furthermore, the COSMO-RS model was used to predict the free volumes of ILs aiming to investigate its influence on gas solubilities. The conducted calculations have revealed an antibate correlation between the fractional free volume (FFV) and Henry’s law constant. In particular, the lowest FFV in 1-methylimidazolium [doc] corresponded to the minimal sorption and vice versa. In addition, it was shown that the presence of protic cation results in a significant reduction in CO2 and H2S solubilities. In general, the solubility measurement results of the synthesized ILs have shown their superiority compared to fluorinated ILs based on the physical absorption mechanism