85 research outputs found

    Ilmastonmuutos voi lisÀtÀ hyönteisten aiheuttamia metsÀtuhoja

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    Osa MetsÀekosysteemien toiminta ja metsien kÀyttö muuttuvassa ilmastossa (MIL) -tutkimusohjelman loppuraporttia: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:metla-201210036195</a

    From a rare inhabitant into a potential pest – status of the nun moth in Finland based on pheromone trapping

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    Forests are being hit by climate change in various ways. This includes abiotic factors such as droughts, but also an increased risk of damage caused by biotic agents such as insects. There are numerous examples from cases where a pest insect has benefitted from endured growing season or from warmer summers. Similarly, new pest insects have been able to expand their range due to climatic conditions that have changed from hostile to tolerable. Such seems to be the case with the nun moth (Lymantria monacha), Europe’s most significant defoliator of coniferous trees. For centuries, the species has had massive outbreaks across Central-Europe while it has been only a rare inhabitant in Northern Europe. Recently, the nun moth population in Finland has not only expanded in range, but also grown more abundant. This research note describes the results from the first years (2018-2019) of a monitoring program that is being conducted with pheromone traps across central and southern Finland. So far, the northernmost individuals were trapped near the 64 N degrees. However, there were more southern where no moths were trapped. The species was present in every trapping site below the latitude of 62 N degrees. More importantly, at some sites the abundance of the nun moth suggested that local forest damage may not be a distant scenario. Given the current climatic scenarios for Fennoscandia, it is likely that the nun moth populations will continue to grow, which is why systematic surveys on their abundance and range expansions are vital.202

    Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual functions after endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease : controlled long-term outcomes

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    Background/purpose: To define the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and outcomes for sexual function after endorectal pull-through (EPT) for Hirschsprung disease (HD) compared to controls. To date, similar controlled studies are lacking. Methods: Patients aged = 4 years (n= 123) operated on forHDat our center between 1987 and 2011were invited to answer questionnaires on LUTS and sexual function (aged = 16 years). Patients with an intellectual disability and patients with a definitive endostomy were excluded. Patients were matched to three controls and also invited to a clinical follow-up for urological investigations including urine flow measurement, renal tract ultrasound, and urinalysis. Results: Altogether, 59 responses concerning LUTS and 24 responses concerning sexual functions were analyzed. No significant differences were demonstrated in the overall prevalence of LUTS between patients (67%) and controls (80%), nor in the prevalence of frequent LUTS (14% vs. 16%; P = NS for both). One patient (2%) had a urethral stricture after laparotomy-assisted EPT. Male patients reported sexual satisfaction and erectile function similar to controls (P N 0.10). Female patients were currently less in stable relationships compared to controls (25% vs. 83%, P= 0.005). Conclusions: Our results support the safety of EPT in patientswith HDwith regard to preservation of the integrity and functioning of the genitourinary tract. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

    Functional in vitro characterization of SLCO1B1 variants and simulation of the clinical pharmacokinetic impact of impaired OATP1B1 function

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    Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 is important to the hepatic elimination and distribution of many drugs. If OATP1B1 function is decreased, it can increase plasma exposure of e.g. several statins leading to increased risk of muscle toxicity. First, we examined the impact of three naturally occurring rare variants and the frequent SLCO1B1 c.388A > G variant on in vitro transport activity with cellular uptake assay using two substrates: ', 7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and rosuvastatin. Secondly, LC-MS/MS based quantitative targeted absolute proteomics measured the OATP1B1 protein abundance in crude membrane fractions of HEK293 cells over -expressing these single nucleotide variants. Additionally, we simulated the effect of impaired OATP1B1 function on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics to estimate the need for genotype-guided dosing. R57Q impaired DCF and rosuvastatin transport significantly yet did not change protein expression considerably, while N130D and N151S did not alter activity but increased protein expression. R253Q did not change protein expression but reduced DCF uptake and increased rosuvastatin Km. Based on pharmacokinetic simulations, doses of 30 mg (with 50% OATP1B1 function) and 20 mg (with 0% OATP1B1 function) result in plasma exposure similar to 40 mg dose (with 100% OATP1B1 function). Therefore dose reductions might be considered to avoid increased plasma exposure caused by function-impairing OATP1B1 genetic variants, such as R57Q.Peer reviewe

    Sopeutumisen tila 2017 : IlmastokestÀvyyden tarkastelut maa- ja metsÀtalousministeriön hallinnonalalla

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    Suomalaisten luonnonvaraelinkeinojen tulee sopeutua vÀistÀmÀttömÀÀn ilmastonmuutokseen riippumatta siitÀ kuinka nopealla aikataululla ja tehokkain toimenpitein kasvihuonekaasupÀÀstöjÀ tullaan vÀhentÀmÀÀn osana Pariisin sopimuksen toimeenpanoa. TÀmÀ raportti on ensimmÀinen maa- ja metsÀtalousministeriön hallinnonalan politiikkasektoreita kokonaisvaltaisesti tarkasteleva katsaus (lukuunottamatta vesitaloutta), joka kokoaa alan monipuoliset tutkimukset ja tekee niiden tuottamaan ymmÀrrykseen nojaten pÀÀtelmÀt maa-, metsÀ-, riista-, kala- ja porotalouden kohtaamista haasteista ilmaston muuttuessa sekÀ haitallisten vaikutusten ajoittumisesta, pysyvyydestÀ ja alueellisesta jakautumisesta huomioiden nÀytön vahvuuden. Toimialoittain tÀrkeimpien sopeuttamistarpeiden tunnistamisessa on huomioitu niin luonnon kuin yhteiskunnan sopeutumispotentiaalia. Kaikki nÀmÀ tarkastelut huomioivan, Luken asiantuntijoiden tekemÀn haavoittuvuusanalyysin myötÀ on tunnistettu sopeutumisen kannalta kriittisimmÀt ilmastonmuutoksen mukanaan tuomat riskit luonnonvaraelinkeinoille. LisÀksi haastattelimme toimialoilta noin viittÀkymmentÀ sidosryhmÀasiantuntijaa saadaksemme kÀsityksen siitÀ, miten eri luonnonvara-alojen toimijat ovat tunnistaneet sekÀ mahdollisesti varautuneet ilmastonmuutoksen tuomiin riskeihin mutta myös mahdollisuuksiin. Tavoitteena oli myös tiedostaa kuinka hyvin tutkimuksen tuottama tieto on jalkautunut kÀytÀntöön. TutkimusryhmÀ pÀÀtyi seuraaviin toimialakohtaisiin toimintasuosituksiin, jotka avataan raportissa yksityiskohtaisesti. Maatalouden ilmastokestÀvyyttÀ tulee parantaa lisÀÀmÀllÀ varautumista sÀÀvaihteluun ja ÀÀri-ilmiöihin niin vakuutustarjontaa kehittÀmÀllÀ kuin viljelyn monimuotoistamisen edellytyksiÀ parantamalla. Maatalouden tulee ennakoiden varautua erityisesti sadannassa tapahtuviin vuoden ja kasvukauden aikaisiin muutoksiin vesitalouden hallintajÀrjestelmiÀ kehittÀmÀllÀ sekÀ syyskylvöisten viljelykasvien viljelyn laajentamisedellytyksiÀ parantamalla. LisÀksi kasvintuhoojien mittava kasvu tulee rajoittaa kaikin kÀytössÀ olevin keinoin. Mittavien metsÀtuhojen vÀlttÀmiseksi kansainvÀlinen taimikauppa tulee vÀlittömÀsti lopettaa ja yhdenpuulajin kasvattamisen sijaan suosia sekametsÀrakenteita. LisÀksi kÀytössÀ olevia metsÀnhoito-ohjeita tulee noudattaa ja panostaa tutkimukseen sekÀ seurantaan metsÀnhoidollisten korjaustoimien ajantasaistamiseksi. Puunkorjuun sujuvuuden edellyttÀmÀn alemman tieverkon hyvÀn kunnon yllÀpidosta ei pidÀ tinkiÀ. Riistakantojen ja vieraslajien seuraaminen on avainasemassa, jotta kannoissa tapahtuviin muutoksiin osataan reagoida riittÀvÀn aikaisin. Samoin tutkimuksen ja kÀytÀnnön yhteistyö ja metsÀstyksen sÀÀtely on sÀilytettÀvÀ ajantasaisena. Tutkimus, tiedon vÀlittÀminen ja tuotekehittely nousivat kalatalouden keskeisiksi toimenpiteiksi. LisÀksi istutuksista tulisi luopua, uusia kalaresursseja hyödyntÀÀ kestÀvÀsti sekÀ kalankasvatuksen normistoa uudistaa joustavammaksi. Poronhoitoa tulisi kehittÀÀ paikallisista lÀhtökohdista kÀsin ja liittÀÀ se tiiviimmin metsÀtalouden ja muun maankÀytön suunnitteluun tutkimukseen tukeutuen ja kulttuuriset perinteet huomioiden. Olemme saaneet MetsÀtalous-osioon materiaalia ja neuvoja useilta henkilöiltÀ, siitÀ suuret kiitokset. Erityisesti haluamme mainita seuraavat: Matti Sirén (Luke), Harri MÀkinen (Luke), Sakari Sarkkola (Luke), Ari VenÀlÀinen (IL), Matti Haapanen (Luke) ja Anneli ViherÀ Aarnio (Luke). LisÀksi lÀmpimÀt kiitokset kaikille tekstiÀ kommentoineille sekÀ haastatteluihin osallistuneille.201

    Complex responses of global insect pests to climate warming

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    Although it is well known that insects are sensitive to temperature, how they will be affected by ongoing global warming remains uncertain because these responses are multifaceted and ecologically complex. We reviewed the effects of climate warming on 31 globally important phytophagous (plant-eating) insect pests to determine whether general trends in their responses to warming were detectable. We included four response categories (range expansion, life history, population dynamics, and trophic interactions) in this assessment. For the majority of these species, we identified at least one response to warming that affects the severity of the threat they pose as pests. Among these insect species, 41% showed responses expected to lead to increased pest damage, whereas only 4% exhibited responses consistent with reduced effects; notably, most of these species (55%) demonstrated mixed responses. This means that the severity of a given insect pest may both increase and decrease with ongoing climate warming. Overall, our analysis indicated that anticipating the effects of climate warming on phytophagous insect pests is far from straightforward. Rather, efforts to mitigate the undesirable effects of warming on insect pests must include a better understanding of how individual species will respond, and the complex ecological mechanisms underlying their responses

    Lapin luonto on jatkuvassa muutoksessa (mielipideartikkeli)

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