Insilico docking analysis of mangrove-derived compounds against breast cancer protein (BRCA1)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women only next to lung cancer. In normal cells, BRCA1 and BRCA2 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2) ensure the stability of DNA and also prevent uncontrolled cell growth. Mutation of these genes is linked to the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Considering the lacunae of reliable and potential drugs to cure the life threatening breast cancer, the present study has focused on molecular computational analysis to identify the potential compounds, derived from mangrove ecosystem, which can block the mutated gene (BRCA1) responsible for the breast cancer. Six compounds were tested against the carcinogenic protein. The 3D crystal structure of the protein was retrieved from protein data bank (PDB) and the protein binding sites of the test compounds were identified. The results revealed that among six compounds, triterpenoid, stigmasterol and pyrethrin were found efficient in destroying the protein (BRCA1) responsible for breast cancer

Study of Sepsis with Acute Kidney Injury

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of mortality in hospital and ICU admission cases. It is suggested that sepsis with AKI is associated with higher mortality and morbidity when compared with Non-septic Acute kidney injury cases. AKI is seen in 19% of moderate sepsis, 23% with severe sepsis and 51% with septic shock.so, with increasing severity of sepsis there is increase in incidence of AKI and increase in mortality. Mortality is higher in males, older age group associated with co-morbid illness. In our study, we study about the profile of AKI in septic cases. Sepsis is classified into moderate, severe and septic shock based on American college of thoracic society and its clinical outcomes are assed based on available parameters. AKI is divided into risk, injury, failure, loss and ESRD based on RIFLE classification and they are studied regarding the outcome, response to treatment, mortality and morbidity rates. Renal replacement therapy is the treatment of choice, when patient is anuric, raising azotaemia and resistant hypertension with pulmonary edema the ideal therapy is haemodialysis

Short Term Assessment of Functional Results of Surgically Treated Tibial Plateau Fractures

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the proximal tibia involve a major weight-bearing joint and are serious injuries that frequently result in functional impairment. They were originally described as “the fender fracture” because they resulted from low-energy pedestrian versus car accidents. In recent literature, majority are reported from high energy motor vehicle accidents and falls from a height. The tibial plateau fractures make up 1% of all fractures and 8% of fractures in the elderly. Most injuries affect the lateral plateau (55% to 70%), medial plateau fracture in (10% to 23%) cases, both plateau fracture in 10-30% of reported series. The optimal treatment of tibial plateau fracture has been a source of controversy for a long time. Current thinking leave from for both operative and non-operative management depending upon the fracture pattern and clinical examination. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyse the short term assessment of functional results of 28 closed tibial plateau fractures treated by surgeries prospectively done in our institution during the period from August 2004 to October 2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study consisting of 28 patients conducted at Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Government General Hospital, Chennai during the period from May 2004 to March 2007. 6 patients were lost in their follow-up. The average age in our study population was 35.2 years with the range between 22 to 65 years. RESULTS: All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically at various follow up periods. All the patients were analysed using Modified Hohl and Luck functional evaluation method. In our study 3 patients(10.7%) showed excellent results, 17 patients (60.7%) showed good results, 5 patients ( 17.8% ) showed fair results and 3 patients (10.7% ) showed poor results. In 5 patients treated with open or closed reduction and cancellous screw fixation, 1 had excellent results, 3 had good results, 1 had fair results. In 21 patients in open reduction and plating group, 3 had excellent , 13 had good,4 had fair and 1 had poor results. One patient treated with external fixation with limited internal fixation had fair result. CONCLUSION: The surgical management of Tibial plateau fracture is a difficult and challenging task. The techniques demand considerable skill and mature judgement on the part of the on the part of the surgeon. Delayed institution of proper management of fractures of proximal tibia gives poorer functional outcome. Hence proper evaluation of fracture pattern and early institution of appropriate management yields good results. Bone grafting to supplement the fixation methods in depressed fracture patterns is useful in restoring the articular congruity and early rehabilitation of patient. CT and MRI have a definite role in studying the correct personality of complex fracture patterns and deciding the appropriate treatment method. Rehabilitation and physiotherapy should be timely instructed for effective functional outcome of treatment methods. As this is only a short term study, further follow up and evaluation is essential to come out with a definitive conclusion

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NANO ZERO-VALENT IRON IMPREGNATED CASHEW NUT SHELL

Objective: The present study is focussed on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) impregnated cashew nut shell (NZVI-CNS). Antibacterial activity was determined by adopting agar well diffusion method against selected bacteria.Methods: The preparation was carried out by simple liquid-phase reduction method, namely, borohydride reduction method. The anti-bacterial activity of the NZVI-CNS was studied against by adopting well diffusion assay method. Superparamagnetism behaviour has been studied using a permanent bar ferro magnet.Results: The nanoparticles obtained have been characterized with various techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) analyses. These techniques showed that the formations of NZVI with an average size of 50 to 100 nm and also it was found to be hexagonal and spherical in shape. The obtained NZVI impregnated CNS exhibits better superparamagnetism phenomenon. The synthesized cashew nut shell impregnated NZVI had the potential to inhibit the bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Serratia marcescens.Conclusion: The synthesis process for NZVI nanoparticles impregnated CNS is simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. The synthesized NZVI impregnated CNS had the greater potential as effective growth inhibitors in the various microorganisms and this can be applied to the diverse pharmacological applications.Â

Automatic generation control of a hydro - thermal and thermal - thermal systems in a deregulated environment

This paper deals with the applications of automatic generation control (AGC) of a hydro —thermal and thermal—thermal systems in a power system deregulated environment and makes an attempt to provide a new practical AGC model to fulfill the needs of a modern restructured hydro-thermal and thermal -thermal power system. Several Distribution Company, distribution Participation Matrix,and area participation factor have been tried out and dynamic responses for frequency, tie line flow and power generations are obtained to examine the performance of the system in deregulated environment considering integral controllers. Investigations have been also carried out to study the effect of generation rate constraint and the importance of APF in deregulated environment. Study also reveals that the conventional integral controllers are quite robust than PI and PID controllers and the optimum integral gains once set for nominal condition need not be changed for +25% variations in system parameters and +20% variations in operating load condition from their nominal values

Control of Clinical Pathogens by the Haemolymph of Paratelphusa hydrodromous, a Freshwater Crab

In the present study, effort has been made to find the antimicrobial activity of haemolymph collected from freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous. The haemolymph collected was tested for antimicrobial assay by disc diffusion method against clinical pathogens. Five bacterial species, namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and five fungal strains, namely and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp., were selected for the study. The result shows a strong response of haemolymph against the clinical pathogens which confirms the immune mechanism of the freshwater crab

Antiatherogenic activity of silybin in Wistar rats: an experimental study

Background: Dyslipidemia is the major contributor to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, Atherosclerosis presently comprises one of the essential contributors to a global epidemic of cardiovascular disease and turn out to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Natural antioxidants have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid profiles and mitigate peroxidative modification of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to explore the antiatherogenic effect of silybin through its antioxidant mechanism in Wister rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet.Methods: Male Wistar rats of 150-200 g were used for this study. Hypercholesterolemia in rats was induced by administration of high cholesterol diet. The Wister rats were divided into four groups, each with eight rats. After 60 days blood samples were drawn by retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and liver and aorta were dissected out and processed for histopathological study and biochemical analyses.Results: In the histopathological study high cholesterol fed Wister rats showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with leucocytic infiltration of sinusoids. The level of TBARS was significantly increased in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05). Silybin at both doses [300 mg/kg (1593.00±81.08) and 600 mg/kg (1596.00±28.81)] reduced the plasma TBARS significantly (p<0.05). The antioxidant enzyme levels were also reduced significantly in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study suggests a conclusive evidence of silybin has antiatherogenic action. Its safety profile, availability and low cost are an added advantage to the presently available pharmacological therapy. Hence, silybin can be considered in conjunction with other available dyslipidemic medication in the market

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki in the control of two mosquito species (Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus)

Abstract: Bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) was used for controlling the mosquito species (Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus) which gave a significant (p&lt;0.05) mortality in both species. The higher concentration of Btk was highly effective compared to the control ones. The controlling effect was dose and time dependent. Among the studied mosquitoes the C. quinquefasciatus (LC 50 0.154%) was more susceptible than A. stephensi (LC 50 0.372%) towards the bioinsecticide Btk

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Findings In 2019, 273 center dot 9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 center dot 5 to 290 center dot 9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 center dot 72% (4 center dot 46 to 5 center dot 01). 228 center dot 2 million (213 center dot 6 to 244 center dot 7; 83 center dot 29% [82 center dot 15 to 84 center dot 42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global agestandardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 center dot 21% [-1 center dot 26 to -1 center dot 16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 center dot 46% [0 center dot 13 to 0 center dot 79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 center dot 94% [-1 center dot 72 to -0 center dot 14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Summary Background Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings In 2019, 273 & middot;9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 & middot;5 to 290 & middot;9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 & middot;72% (4 & middot;46 to 5 & middot;01). 228 & middot;2 million (213 & middot;6 to 244 & middot;7; 83 & middot;29% [82 & middot;15 to 84 & middot;42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 & middot;21% [-1 & middot;26 to -1 & middot;16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 & middot;46% [0 & middot;13 to 0 & middot;79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 & middot;94% [-1 & middot;72 to -0 & middot;14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe