Using geographical and taxonomic metadata to set priorities in specimen digitization

Digitizing the information carried by specimens in natural history collections is a key endeavor providing falsifiable information about past and present biodiversity on a global scale, for application in a variety of research fields far beyond the current application in biosystematics. Existing digitization efforts are driven by individual institutional necessities and are not coordinated on a global scale. This led to an over-all information resource that is patchy in taxonomic and geographic coverage as well as in quality. Digitizing all specimens is not an achievable aim at present, so that priorities need to be set. Most biodiversity studies are both taxonomically and geographically restricted, but access to non-digitized collection information is almost exclusively by taxon name. Creating a “Geotaxonomic Index” providing metadata on the number of specimens from a specific geographic region belonging to a specific higher taxonomic category may provide a means to attract the attention of researchers and governments towards relevant non-digitized holdings of the collections and set priorities for their digitization according to the needs of information users outside the taxonomic community

Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of two-color XUV-NIR ionization with polarization control

Electron emission caused by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in the presence of a strong near infrared (NIR) field leads to multiphoton interactions that depend on several parameters. Here, a comprehensive study of the influence of the angle between the polarization directions of the NIR and XUV fields on the two-color angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of He and Ne is presented. The resulting photoelectron angular distribution strongly depends on the orientation of the NIR polarization plane with respect to that of the XUV field. The prevailing influence of the intense NIR field over the angular emission characteristics for He(1s) and Ne(2p) ionization lines is shown. The underlying processes are modeled in the frame of the strong field approximation (SFA) which shows very consistent agreement with the experiment reaffirming the power of the SFA for multicolor-multiphoton ionization in this regime

Mineralogical study of the Gonçalo Li-pegmatite deposit, Portugal

Beside the Scandinavian countries and Serbia, Portugal is among the European countries with the most significant lithium resources. The Li-rich occurrences in Portugal are mainly associated with aplite-pegmatite dykes and sills intruded in granitic and metasedimentary rocks of the Central Iberian and Galicia – Trás-os-Montes geotectonic zones (Carvalho & Farinha, 2004). The Gonçalo Li-pegmatites in the Guarda district (currently only used as decorative stone) have significant economic importance. Among other deposits, Gonçalo is a reference site in the focus of the EU FAME project (www.fame-project.eu) that aims to unlock the development potential of the most promising European Sn-W-Li ore types. Results of optical microscopy, QEMSCAN©, Raman and electron-probe microanalysis of the Gonçalo Li-pegmatite deposit have been employed to determine the mineralogical variability of the pegmatites with the aim to determine the deportment of lithium and potential rare-metal by-products and to guide enhanced mineral processing technologies.Available to download freely and reproduced here with permission of the publisher. The attached file is the published pdf

APOLAS - More Accurate Areal Precipitation Over Land and Sea

Long-term feild comparisons of four progressive precipitation sensors demonstrate their superior performance. Measurements yield differences in cloud micro physics between land and sea and between surface and higher altitutdes. A pattern recognition algorithm based on CAPPI-fields of Rostock weather radar was developed to separate convective from stratiform rain area

High-resolution Photo-excitation Measurements Exacerbate the Long-standing Fe XVII Emission Problem

We measured the L-shell soft X-ray fluorescence of Fe XVII ions in an electron beam ion trap following resonant photo-excitation using synchrotron radiation provided by the P04 beamline at PETRA III. Special attention is paid to two 2p-3d transitions, the 3C and 3D lines that are essential plasma diagnostics tools for astrophysics. Their resulting oscillator-strength ratio, f(3C)/f(3D) = 3.09(8)(6), is three times more accurate than previous results. The present ratio clearly departs by approximately 5-sigmas from the newest ab initio calculations but confirms previous laboratory measurements and astrophysical observations. A ten thousand-fold reduction in excitation-photon intensity and ten times higher spectral resolution allow us to exclude current explanations, reinstating a forty-year-old atomic-physics puzzle

Direct 2D spatial coherence determination using the Fourier analysis method Multi parameter characterization of the P04 beamline at PETRA III

We present a systematic 2D spatial-coherence analysis of the soft-X-ray beamline P04 at PETRA III for various beamline configurations. The influence of two different beam-defining apertures on the spatial coherence properties of the beam is discussed and optimal conditions for coherence-based experiments are found. A significant degradation of the spatial coherence in the vertical direction has been measured and sources of this degradation are identified and discussed. The Fourier-analysis method, which gives fast and simple access to the 2D spatial coherence function of the X-ray beam, is used for the experiment. Here, we exploit the charge scattering of a disordered nanodot sample allowing the use of arbitrary X-ray photon energies with this method

Commissioning of a photoelectron spectrometer for soft X ray photon diagnostics at the European XFEL

Commissioning and first operation of an angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer for non-invasive shot-to-shot diagnostics at the European XFEL soft X-ray beamline are described. The objective with the instrument is to provide the users and operators with reliable pulse-resolved information regarding photon energy and polarization that opens up a variety of applications for novel experiments but also hardware optimization

Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes

In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events, such as storms, have increased in frequency, intensity and duration. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. For lake ecosystems, high winds and rainfall associated with storms are linked by short term runoff events from catchments and physical mixing of the water column. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how such wind and precipitation events alter lake physical processes, our mechanistic understanding of how these short-term disturbances 48 translate from physical forcing to changes in phytoplankton communities is poor. Here, we provide a conceptual model that identifies how key storm features (i.e., the frequency, intensity, and duration of wind and precipitation) interact with attributes of lakes and their watersheds to generate changes in a lake’s physical and chemical environment and subsequently phytoplankton community structure and dynamics. We summarize the current understanding of storm-phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions by generating testable hypotheses across a global gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.Fil: Stockwell, Jason D.. University of Vermont; Estados UnidosFil: Adrian, Rita. Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; AlemaniaFil: Andersen, Mikkel. Dundalk Institute of Technology; IrlandaFil: Anneville, Orlane. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Bhattacharya, Ruchi. University of Missouri; Estados UnidosFil: Burns, Wilton G.. University of Vermont; Estados UnidosFil: Carey, Cayelan C.. Virginia Tech University; Estados UnidosFil: Carvalho, Laurence. Freshwater Restoration & Sustainability Group; Reino UnidoFil: Chang, ChunWei. National Taiwan University; República de ChinaFil: De Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.. Netherlands Institute of Ecology; Países BajosFil: Doubek, Jonathan P.. University of Vermont; Estados UnidosFil: Dur, Gaël. Shizuoka University; JapónFil: Frassl, Marieke A.. Griffith University; AustraliaFil: Gessner, Mark O.. Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; AlemaniaFil: Hejzlar, Josef. Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; República ChecaFil: Ibelings, Bas W.. University of Geneva; SuizaFil: Janatian, Nasim. Estonian University of Life Sciences; EstoniaFil: Kpodonu, Alfred T. N. K.. City University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Lajeunesse, Marc J.. University of South Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Lewandowska, Aleksandra M.. Tvarminne Zoological Station; FinlandiaFil: Llames, Maria Eugenia del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Matsuzaki, Shin-ichiro S.. National Institute for Environmental Studies; JapónFil: Nodine, Emily R.. Rollins College; Estados UnidosFil: Nõges, Peeter. Estonian University of Life Sciences; EstoniaFil: Park, Ho-Dong. Shinshu University; JapónFil: Patil, Vijay P.. US Geological Survey; Estados UnidosFil: Pomati, Francesco. Swiss Federal Institute of Water Science and Technology; SuizaFil: Rimmer, Alon. Kinneret Limnological Laboratory; IsraelFil: Rinke, Karsten. Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research; AlemaniaFil: Rudstam, Lars G.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Rusak, James A.. Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; CanadáFil: Salmaso, Nico. Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Mach; ItaliaFil: Schmitt, François. Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences; FranciaFil: Seltmann, Christian T.. Dundalk Institute of Technology; IrlandaFil: Souissi, Sami. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Straile, Dietmar. University of Konstanz; AlemaniaFil: Thackeray, Stephen J.. Lancaster Environment Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Thiery, Wim. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; SuizaFil: Urrutia Cordero, Pablo. Uppsala University; SueciaFil: Venail, Patrick. Universidad de Ginebra; SuizaFil: Verburg, Piet. 8National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Williamson, Tanner J.. Miami University; Estados UnidosFil: Wilson, Harriet L.. Dundalk Institute of Technology; IrlandaFil: Zohary, Tamar. Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research; IsraelGLEON 20: All Hands' MeetingRottnest IslandAustraliaUniversity of Western AustraliaUniversity of AdelaideGlobal Lake Ecological Observatory Networ