Učinak sirutke i propolisa na pokazatelje rasta, krvnu sliku i proljev u jaradi

This study was conducted to obtain an alternative, more economical and healthier milk substitute feed by adding whey powder and propolis to cow’s milk in goat kid rearing. Forty Saanen goat kids born in the same period were divided into 4 groups, 7 days after their birth. The kids were divided into 4 groups of 10, with 10 in the control group (CG) who were kept together with their mothers, and in experimental groups 1-2-3 (EG1, EG2, EG3) who were kept in separate sections. Kids in all three experimental groups were fed with only the milk substitute (cow’s milk+whey powder+water). In groups EG2 and EG3, the kids were given 0. 4 cc and 0. 2 cc propolis respectively in addition to the milk substitute once a day. The growth and development parameters and rectal temperatures of the kids were measured once a week, and morning and evening diarrhea scorings were taken in all groups. Biochemical and hematological analyses were performed. According to all the results obtained, the differences in body temperatures and in the glucose and urea values between the groups were found to be significant (P <0.05). Each group was evaluated within itself, RBC analysis results were found to be significant in all groups. The insignificant difference between the average growth and development parameters of the kids in the EG and in the CG was an important finding in growing kids more economically and reserving goat’s milk for more profitable procedures. According to the diarrhea scores, it was observed that propolis was effective against diarrhea, and it was concluded that it could be used in raising kids as a preventive measure. Feeding kids with the milk substitute was found to be more economical than feeding them with their mother’s milk. As a result of this study, it could be suggested that the use of milk substitutes containing whey and propolis will positively affect the growth, development and health of goat kids.Ovo je istraživanje provedeno kako bi se pronašla ekonomičnija i zdravija zamjenska hrana za mlijeko u uzgoju koza, i to dodavanjem sirutke u prahu i propolisa kravljem mlijeku. Ukupno 40 jaradi sanske pasmine ojarenih u isto vrijeme podijeljeno je u četiri skupine po deset jedinki, sedam dana nakon jarenja. Kontrolna skupina od 10 jaradi (CG) držana je sa svojim majkama, dok su tri pokusne skupine (EG1, EG2, EG3) bile odvojene od majki. Jarad u svim trima pokusnim skupinama hranjeni su zamjenskim mlijekom (kravlje mlijeko, sirutka u prahu i voda). U skupini EG2 jarad je dobivala 0,4 cc propolisa, a u skupini EG3 0,2 cc propolisa dodanog u zamjensko mlijeko jedanput na dan. Pokazatelji rasta i razvoja te rektalna temperatura mjereni su jedanput tjedno. U svim su skupinama uzeti uzorci proljeva u jutarnjim i večernjim satima te su provedene biokemijske i hematološke pretrage. Dobivenim rezultatima ustanovljene su znakovite razlike u temperaturi tijela te vrijednostima glukoze i ureje među skupinama (P<0,05). Analizirane su jedinke unutar svake skupine te se pokazalo da su vrijednosti eritrocita znakovite u svim skupinama. Razlika među pokazateljima rasta i razvoja jaradi u pokusnim skupinama i kontrolnoj skupini, koja nije bila znakovita, važno je otkriće koje upućuje na to da se kozje mlijeko može sačuvati za isplativije namjene. Zapaženo je da je propolis učinkovit u slučaju proljeva te se može preventivno davati. Uočeno je i da je hranjenje jaradi mliječnom zamjenom ekonomičnije od kozjeg – majčina mlijeka. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da primjena zamjene za mlijeko, uz dodatak sirutke i propolisa, pozitivno utječe na rast, razvoj i zdravlje jaradi

Topiramate Induced Restless Legs Syndrome: Case Report

Several medications can exacerbate or cause Restless Legs syndrome (RLS). Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug used to epilepsy and migraine treatment. In literature, number of case with topiramate induced RLS is very rare. Herein, we present the case with topiramate induced RLS, in which the case takes to topiramate for migraine prophylaxis. However, how topiramate causes RLS is exactly unknown. Probably, topiramate has an antidopaminergic effect

Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (SRED) in a Patient Admitted with Weight Gain Due to Eating Periods During Sleep

Sleep related eating disorder (SRED) is classified as a parasomnia seen mostly during non-REM sleep stage. Clinical complications of SRED are obesity and metabolic disease. Although SRED is seen in approximately 5% of the general population, it is thought that SRED is most often underdiagnosed. Herein, we present a case of SRED

Mechanisms of segregated household wastewater treatment by Membrane Bioreactor

Bu &ccedil;alışmada, ayrık evsel atıksuların membran biyoreakt&ouml;rde (MBR) arıtılma mekanizmaları araştırılmıştır. &Ccedil;alışma, siyah ve gri atıksuların beslendiği pilot &ouml;l&ccedil;ekli iki ayrı batık MBR kullanılarak ger&ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Biyolojik arıtmanın kirletici boyutu &uuml;st&uuml;ne etkisinin incelenmesi ve membranların verimli s&uuml;zme boyut aralığının belirlenmesi amacıyla, atıksu ve aktif &ccedil;amur &ouml;rnekleri &uuml;st&uuml;nde, KOİ i&ccedil;in boyut dağılım analizi ger&ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. Aktif &ccedil;amur &ouml;rnekleri &uuml;st&uuml;nde ger&ccedil;ekleştirilen kirletici boyut dağılım analizi sonu&ccedil;ları ile membran s&uuml;z&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n konsantrasyonu karşılaştırılarak membranın verimli s&uuml;zme boyutu tahmin edilmiştir. Buna g&ouml;re, bu &ccedil;alışmada kullanılan membranlar mikrofiltrasyon sınıfında ve 400 nm g&ouml;zenek a&ccedil;ıklığına sahip olmasına karşın, MBR i&ccedil;inde membran y&uuml;zeyinde biyofilm oluşması ve ikinci bir bariyer g&ouml;revi g&ouml;rmesi sebebiyle verimli s&uuml;zme boyutunun yaklaşık 8 nm değerine d&uuml;şt&uuml;ğ&uuml; ve ultrafiltrasyon sınıfında yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla membranın sadece biyok&uuml;tle ile su fazının ayrılmasını sağlamakla kalmadığı, b&uuml;y&uuml;k molek&uuml;l ağırlığına sahip ayrıştırılamayan &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş organik maddelerin de reakt&ouml;r i&ccedil;inde tutulmasını sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş kalıcı KOİ&rsquo;nin MBR&rsquo;larda akibetinin araştırılması i&ccedil;in atıksu, MBR i&ccedil;inden alınan aktif &ccedil;amur numunesi s&uuml;z&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml; ve membran s&uuml;z&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml; arasında kararlı denge i&ccedil;in k&uuml;tle dengesi eşitliği kurulmuştur. K&uuml;tle dengesi eşitlikleri sonucunda, konvansiyonel sistemde ayrıştırılamayan bir kısım &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş kalıcı KOİ&rsquo;nin MBR&rsquo;larda ayrıştığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki MBR&rsquo;da da &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş kalıcı KOİ&rsquo;nin ayrışma verimi, reakt&ouml;r i&ccedil;inde tutulan fraksiyon değerlendirildiğinde %95, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş kalıcı KOİ&rsquo;nin tamamı dikkate alındığında ise %50 civarında bulunmuştur. &nbsp;Anahtar Kelimeler: Membran biyoreakt&ouml;r, gri su, siyah su, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş kalıcı organik madde.Worldwide, one in five persons does not have access to safe drinking water, whereas half of the world's population does not have access to sufficient sanitation (WHO, 2000). In addition, stress on water resources increases because of pollution, ineffective water use, increasing water demand and droughts. In the current conventional wastewater management, end of pipe, approach all types of wastewater are mixed, transported in a sewer system, and treated in a wastewater treatment plant. However, the sewer systems usually do not end up with an appropriate treatment plant. As a result, uncontrolled wastewater discharges cause serious problems in the receiving environment. Recently, "decentralised sanitation and re-use" (DESAR), which is a logical on-site source separation and reuse based approach, was proposed as an alternative to current "end of pipe" approach. On household level, two main sources of wastewater are recognized which are grey and black water. In this framework, treatment by MBR may be a promising alternative for small scale systems with the high hygienic standard effluent quality, reduced reactor volume, smaller footprint and operation easiness due to reduced net sludge production at high sludge ages. Two pilot-scales submerged MBRs were constructed for grey and black water treatment equipped with plate and frame type membrane modules. In the first part of this study, detailed characteristics of grey and black water in terms of aerobic biodegradability related kinetic and stoichiometric model parameters, which are missing in the literature, were determined based on batch experimental study and respirometric tests. Assessment of biodegradable COD fractions and kinetic and stoichiometric constants were done by model fitting of the OUR data (Insel etal., 2003). The OUR data was analyzed according to endogenous decay modified ASM1 (Orhon and Artan, 1994). For the case of black water as the large fraction likely to cover a wide range of compounds with different biodegradation pattern, dual hydrolysis rate is assigned. For the case of grey water, a single hydrolysis rate is sufficient to explain the hydrolysis. The results of aerobic biodegradability characterization showed that the kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients of grey and black water were in accordance with the previously reported values for domestic wastewater. Compared with black water, hydrolysis rate of grey water was found to be lower, which is attributed to the slowly biodegradable detergents, soaps and cleaning agents heavily found in grey water. The combined wastewater followed the kinetics of black water. Wastewater characterization usually includes, a single filtration size (450 nm), which conventionally differentiates soluble and particulate COD components. In this study, size information of pollutants has been explored in a much wider range between 2nm to 11 m for a better understanding of feed water characteristics. Furthermore, size distribution study was also performed on the reactor bulk liquids of the MBRs mainly for better understanding of membrane separation and the fate of soluble non-biodegradable organics in MBRs. It is found that due to biofilm formation, serving as an additional separation barrier on the surface of the membranes, the effective filtration size is in the range of ultrafiltration, around 5-14 nm, although the membrane itself is in the size range of microfiltration with the 400 nm pore size. In conventional activated sludge systems, HRT controls the retention time of soluble COD, which is the filtrate of 450 nm filter. On the other hand, in MBRs this statement is not true anymore. Membrane separation decides the residence time of pollutants depending on the effective filtration range of the membrane and size of pollutants. As a result of size distribution analysis of bulk liquid, it is found that the retained soluble residual organics, which are accepted as non-biodegradable in conventional activated sludge systems, are slowly biodegraded, around 50% and 95% for overall soluble residual organics and the retained fraction in the reactor bulk liquid respectively. Similar results were obtained for both of the MBRs. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the difference between MBRs and conventional activated sludge systems is not just a physical separation by a membrane. Furthermore, better understanding of fate of soluble organics in MBRs will be a step for better understanding of membrane fouling mechanisms. Keywords: Membran Bioreactors, grey water, black water, DESAR, soluble residual organics

Gender differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital and one-year outcomes of young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction under the age of 40

Introduction: Although the incidence of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the elderly population has decreased in recent years, this is not the case for young people. At the same time, no reduction in hospitalization rate after STEMI was shown in young people. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, angiographic findings, in-hospital and one-year outcomes of patients under the age of 40 and their gender differences were investigated. Methods: This study has been performed retrospectively in two centers. Between January 2015 and April 2019, 212 patients aged 18-40 years with STEMI and who underwent reperfusion therapy were included. The gender differences were compared. Results: The median age of (male 176; 83.0% and female 36; 17.0%) patients included in the study was 36 (33-38) for men and 36 (34-38) for women. Chest pain was the most common complaint for both genders (96.0% vs. 94.4%; P = 0.651). While men presented more often with Killip class 1,women presented more often with Killip class 2. The anterior myocardial infarction (MI) was the most common MI type and it was higher in women than in man (P = 0.027). At one year of follow-up, the prevalence of all-cause hospitalization was 24%, MI 3.8%, coronary angiography 15.1%, cardiovascular death 1.4%, and all-cause death 0.47%, there was no gender difference. Conclusion: Anterior MI was the most common type of MI and it was more common in women than in men. Left anterior descending artery was the most common involved coronary artery. The most common risk factor is smoking. In terms of in-hospital outcome, left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in women. There was no significant difference in one-year outcomes between both genders

New constraints on micro-seismicity and stress state in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone : Observations from a dense seismic array

Major funding was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant NE/I028017/1 and partially supported by Boğaziçi University Research Fund (BAP) under grant 6922. We would like to thank all the project members from the University of Leeds, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory, Aberdeen University and Sakarya University. I would also like to thank Prof. Ali Pinar and Dr. Kıvanç Kekovalı for their valuable comments. Some of the figures were generated by GMT software (Wessel and Smith, 1995).Peer reviewedPostprin

Association of total serum antioxidant capacity with the Tei index in echocardiography in patients with microvascular angina

Objectives Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is a conditioncharacterized by exercise-induced chest pain that occursconsidering a normal coronary angiogram. We aimed toinvestigate the total serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) andbiventricular global functions using echocardiography inpatients with CSX.Patients and methods The study population included 55patients with typical anginal symptoms and a positiveexercise stress test, or ischemia in myocardial perfusionscintigraphy and normal coronary arteries detectedangiographically, and 49 healthy volunteers with atypicalchest pain and a negative stress test. TAC was assessedfrom blood samples. Transthoracic echocardiography wasperformed for the entire study population. The Tei index wascalculated using the formula IVCT+IVRT/ET.Results TAC was found to be significantly lower in the CSXgroup compared with the control group (0.70 ± 0.37 vs.1.5± 0.30, respectively, P1.77 mmol/l), it was found that the Tei indexwas higher in the decreased TAC group compared with theother groups (0.66 ± 0.18 vs. 0.49 ± 0.10 and0.46± 0.13 mmol/l, P<0.001, respectively).Conclusion Our study suggested that TAC wassignificantly decreased in CSX patients and decreasedantioxidant levels were related to impaired Tei index inechocardiography in patients with microvascularangina. Coron Artery Dis 26:620–625 Copyright © 2015Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved

Dynamic crack arrest analysis by ordinary state-based peridynamics

Dynamic fracture analysis for the crack arrest phenomenon is performed by ordinary state-based peridynamics formulation and discretization employing transition bond concept. Double cantilever beam specimen is chosen for our numerical evidence purpose. The analysis consists of two main phases namely, generation and application (prediction) phases. In the generation phase, the dynamic stress intensity factors of propagating and arrested cracks are estimated by the present formulation for given crack path histories, and good agreement is achieved. As for the application phase, dynamic stress intensity factors well as total crack lengths after crack arrests are in good agræment with the experiments. Moreover, the influence of transition bond concept on the crack arrest behavior is investigated and it is found that the transition bond is very efficient in the simulation of the crack arrest problem such that premature arrests of cracks are observed without transition bond cases

Hand-held echocardiography during complex electrophysiologic procedures

Introduction: Complex electrophysiologic (EP) procedures are time consuming and open to complications. Accurate and rapid recognition of cardiac pathologies is essential before, during, and immediately after such procedures. In this study, we aimed to compare hand-held echocardiography (HHE) with standard echocardiography (SE) to determine whether HHE can be used as a practical and reliable diagnostic tool during such procedures. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing complex EP procedures and catheter ablation were included in the study. All patients were evaluated with SE or HHE in terms of main cardiac pathologies at the beginning and immediately after the procedure. The diagnostic accuracy and evaluation time of both methods were compared at the beginning and after the procedure. The agreement between both methods was calculated. Results: At the beginning and after the procedure, opening and evaluation times with HHE were significantly shorter than with SE (P<0.001 for all). There was significant agreement between the two methods in the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies (Agreement was 95% for minimal mild aortic regurgitation (AR), 99% for moderate/ severe AR, 93% for minimal/ mild mitral regurgitation (MR), 95% for moderate/ severe MR, 100% for pericardial effusion, and 100% for left ventricular thrombus at the beginning of the procedure). Conclusion: With the use of HHE during complex EP procedures, cardiac pathologies can be diagnosed with similar accuracy as SE. In addition, HHE has a significant advantage over SE in terms of time to diagnosis