Policiklični aromatični ugljovodonici i pesticidi u zemljištu Vojvodine

The paper deals with several groups of compounds that represent the most frequent pollutants of soil in the world. The paper also reviews results of long-term studies conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on the residues of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of the Vojvodina Province. The analyzed samples have been found to contain residues of persistent pesticides and their metabolites lindane and its metabolites 6,20 μg/kg, alachlor 3,56 μg/kg, aldrin 2,3 μg/kg, heptachlor epoxide 0,99 μg/kg, chlordane 3,82 μg/kg, DDT and its metabolites 10,77 μg/kg, dieldrin 2,04 μg/kg, endrin 3,57 μg/kg and endrin aldehyde 1,36 μg/kg. Soil samples from Novi Sad municipality contained 53,69 μg/kg of DDT and its metabolites. The values of atrazine ranged from 0,0005 to 0,8 mg/kg. The values of PAHs were 6,64 mg/kg in industrial soil, 4,93 mg/kg in agricultural soil, and 4,55 mg/kg and 5,48 mg/kg in the Novi Sad municipality. The lowest value, 0.83 mg/kg, was found for nonagricultural/nonindustrial soils.Organska jedinjenja koja se mogu naći u zemljištu prikazana su u ovom radu Takođe je prikazan i deo višegodišnjih ispitivanja sadržaja ostataka pesticida i policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika u zemljištu izvedenih u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Ispitano zemljište sa teritorije Vojvodine sadrži ostatke perzistentnih pesticida i njihovih metabolita: lindan zajedno sa metabolitima 6,20 μg/kg, alahlor 3,56 μg/kg, aldrin 2,3 μg/kg heptahlor epoksid 0,99 μg/kg, hlordan 3,82 μg/kg, DDT zajedno sa metabolitima 10,77 μg/kg, dieldrin 2,04 μg/kg, endrin 3,57 μg/kg i endrin aldehid 1,36 μg/kg. Zemljište sa teritorije opštine Novi Sad sadrži ostatke DDT-a zajedno sa metabolitima u količini od 53,69 μg/kg. Tokom višegodišnjih ispitivanja sadržaja atrazina u zemljištu nađene vrednosti su se kretale u opsegu od 0,0005 mg/kg do 0,8 mg/kg. Nađeni sadržaj policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika je u industrijskom zemljištu 6,64 mg/kg, u poljoprivrednom zemljištu 4,93 mg/kg, u zemljištu na teritoriji opštine Novi Sad 4,55 mg/kg i 5,48 mg/kg, dok je sadržaj na nepoljoprivredno/neindustrijskom zemljištu najniži i iznosi 0,83 mg/kg

Compressed sensing MRI using masked DCT and DFT measurements

This paper presents modification of the TwIST algorithm for Compressive Sensing MRI images reconstruction. Compressive Sensing is new approach in signal processing whose basic idea is recovering signal form small set of available samples. The application of the Compressive Sensing in biomedical imaging has found great importance. It allows significant lowering of the acquisition time, and therefore, save the patient from the negative impact of the MR apparatus. TwIST is commonly used algorithm for 2D signals reconstruction using Compressive Sensing principle. It is based on the Total Variation minimization. Standard version of the TwIST uses masked 2D Discrete Fourier Transform coefficients as Compressive Sensing measurements. In this paper, different masks and different transformation domains for coefficients selection are tested. Certain percent of the measurements is used from the mask, as well as small number of coefficients outside the mask. Comparative analysis using 2D DFT and 2D DCT coefficients, with different mask shapes is performed. The theory is proved with experimental results

Water and waste management in medieval and modern Gradec

sažetak S ciljem utvrđivanja slojeva povijesnog razvoja, Hrvatski restauratorski zavod proveo je 2021. godine multidisciplinarna konzervatorsko-restauratorska i arheološka istraživanja sjevernog dvorišta Banskih dvora. Rezultati su potvrdili kontinuitet naseljavanja zagrebačkoga gornjogradskog platoa od prapovijesti do danas, a poslužili su kao osnova za izradu projektno-tehničke dokumentacije potrebne za cjelovitu obnovu potresom iz 2020. godine oštećene zgrade Vlade RH. Tijekom arheoloških istraživanja sjevernog dvorišta pronađeni su brojni nalazi ostataka stambenih i gospodarskih objekata te gradske infrastrukture koji nam omogućavaju razumijevanje tehnološke strane povijesnog razvoja gospodarenja vodom i otpadom unutar gradskih zidina srednjovjekovnoga i novovjekovnog Gradeca.In 2021, the Croatian Conservation Institute conducted multidisciplinary conservation, restoration and archaeological research of the entire Banski Dvori complex to create the prerequisites for the design and technical documentation necessary to renovate the building that houses the Government of the Republic of Croatia as part of the plan to renovate buildings damaged in the earthquake. During excavations in the northern courtyard, remains of residential and commercial buildings, communal infrastructure and various other archaeological finds from the medieval and modern periods were found. They have enabled us to reconstruct the construction sequence of the central part of the so-called fifth insula. While the preserved written sources provide us with an insight into the legislative framework prescribed by the city authorities, archaeological research enables us to understand the technological side of the historical development of water and waste management within the city walls of medieval Gradec. On the basis of the geomorphology of the terrain, preserved written sources and results of archaeological research, it is possible to assume that the water-supply system of medieval Gradec was based on private and public wells or cisterns. The remains of two wooden water systems from the 15th century were documented during excavations. On the basis of their location and context, it might be possible to assume that these were pipelines intended for carrying stormwater to cisterns. It could also be a technological solution, known from written sources, used to move underground the sewer that ran between the houses. Waste management in European cities in the Middle and Early Modern Ages was characterized by a complex system of interweaving of public and private interests and obligations. The remains of several medieval and modern buildings used for waste disposal were found in the excavated area, which is a common occurrence in European cities. However, it was only the construction of the city\u27s water supply and sewerage network in the 19th century, an important step towards improving the health and hygiene standards of the population, that marked the birth of a modern European city. In the excavated part of the northern courtyard, the remains of two phases of the sewerage system were documented, and the more recent one can be dated to the last decade of the 19th century, when the city sewerage system was constructed. During the construction, the older sewerage system was destroyed, which could possibly be attributed to the former Rauch Mansion. In terms of water and waste management, Gradec fits the historical development of most European cities throughout the Middle Ages and the modern period up until the construction of the city\u27s water supply and sewerage network during the second half of the 19th century

Biochemical characteristics and nutrient content of the callus of sunflower inbred lines

Mineral nutrition is a factor affecting in vitro regeneration. Various requirements for individual mineral elements between plant species and also between genotypes of the same species have led to the differentiation and definition of the significance of the genetic background in determining callus biochemical characteristics and a confirmation whether different requirements for nutrients leave a possibility of achieving better and more efficient regeneration with a specific modification of substratum composition. The practical aspect of the obtained results lays in the fact that the sunflower species are characterized by low regeneration ability. It was shown that the dynamics of uptake and accumulation of mineral elements into callus cells is a genotype dependent trait being more or less evident depending upon element. Total nitrogen content was between 4 and 5%. The sunflower genotype PH-BC2-101A showed the highest accumulation of nitrogen phosphorus and, to some extent, calcium. Consequently, a high accumulation of total dry matter without pigment synthesis was recorded. A high nitrogen accumulation in the cited genotype resulting in the highest nitrate reductase activity a very high accumulation of soluble proteins (enzymes)

Arheobotanička analiza nalaza iz srednjovjekovne „smočnice“ iz dvorišta palače Banski dvori (Zagreb, Hrvatska)

In 2021, the Croatian Conservation Institute conducted multidisciplinary conservation-restauration and archaeological research in the northern courtyard of Banski dvori Palace to determine the layers of historical development. The results confirmed the continuity of settlement of the Zagreb upper town plateau from prehistoric times to the present day, and served as a basis for the development of project-technical documentation required for the complete restoration of the Government of the Republic of Croatia building damaged by the 2020 earthquake. During the excavations, remains of a subterranean timber-framed structure were documented. Based on the archaeological finds and context it can be interpreted as the underground storage room of a medieval urban house dated to the period of 13th and 14th century. A total of 1464 plant macrofossils were isolated by archaeobotanical analysis, of which six were carbonized and some of remains were just partially mineralized. The majority of the finds (95%) represent woody edible species with the highest number of finds being grapevine (Vitis vinifera), sweet/sour cherry (Prunus avium/cerasus), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). Some woody species such as grapevine and peach (Prunus persica) were certainly cultivated, while others like Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and blackthorn are evidence that the population collected fruits from nature. Edible herbaceous species accounted for 2.12% of the finds, included cucumber (Cucumis sativus), spice fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), cereals millet (Panicum miliaceum) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum). More than 40% of the remains were found in five vessels, while the rest were from the surrounding sediment. All vessels contained grapevine and wild apples/pears, and fruits such as sweet/sour cherry, blackberry and plum were also found, leading to the assumption that the vessels contained the commonly used medieval beverage made from unripe fruit, known as verjuice.S ciljem utvrđivanja slojeva povijesnog razvoja, Hrvatski restauratorski zavod proveo je 2021. godine multidisciplinarna konzervatorsko-restauratorska i arheološka istraživanja sjevernog dvorišta Banskih dvora. Rezultati su potvrdili kontinuitet naseljavanja zagrebačkoga gornjogradskog platoa od prapovijesti do danas, a poslužili su kao osnova za izradu projektno-tehničke dokumentacije potrebne za cjelovitu obnovu potresom iz 2020. godine oštećene zgrade Vlade Republike Hrvatske. Tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani su ostaci objekta kojeg je na temelju nalaza i konteksta moguće interpretirati kao podzemnu ostavu srednjovjekovne gradske kuće iz 13. i 14. stoljeća. Arheobotaničkom analizom izolirano je 1464 biljnih makrofosila, od kojih ih je šest bilo karbonizirano, a nekolicina uglavnom djelomično mineralizirana. Većina nalaza (95 %) predstavlja drvenaste jestive vrste s najvećim brojem nalaza vinove loze (Vitis vinifera), trešnje/višnje (Prunus avium/cerasus) i trnjine (Prunus spinosa). Neke drvenaste vrste poput vinove loze i breskve (Prunus persica) zasigurno su bile uzgajane, a neke poput crvenog drijena (Cornus mas) i trnjine dokaz su da je stanovništvo sakupljalo plodove iz prirode. Jestivih zeljastih vrsta je 2,12 %, a radi se o nalazima povrtne vrste krastavac (Cucumis sativus), začinske biljke obični komorač (Foeniculum vulgare) te žitarica divlji proso (Panicum miliaceum) i obična pšenica (Triticum aestivum/durum). Više od 40 % ostataka pronađeno je u pet posuda, a ostali su ostaci iz okolnog sedimenta. U svim je posudama pronađena vinova loza i divlja jabuka/krušaka, a pronađeno je i voće poput trešanja/višanja, kupina i šljiva, što nas navodi na pretpostavku da se u posudama nalazio često korišteni srednjovjekovni sok od nezrelog voća tzv. verjuice

Old cities and fortresses in the mountainsof Moslavina and Zrinska gora: Issues of researching, conserving and presenting

U radu su predstavljena dva modela upravljanja kasnosrednjovjekovnim i ranonovovjekovnim gradovima i utvrdama kontinentalne Hrvatske. Modeli su zasnovani na revaloriziranju vrijednosti, primjeni načela kulturnog menadžmenta te s pragmatičnim stavom spram odnosa potreba i mogućnosti.The issue of researching, conserving and presenting late mediaeval and early modern cities and fortresses of continental Croatia has become a large problem in a time of world economic crisis. This has developed from several different factors. Old cities and fortresses are mainly structures of large dimensions and unkempt, often located in isolated areas and overgrown with thick vegetation. Furthermore, adequate blueprint documentation and complete historically archived studies exist for only a small number of old cities and fortresses. However, the greatest problems are their large quantity and a chronic lack of financial resources. From the above mentioned, it is obvious that solving one of the problems inevitably means emphasizing another (ex. for creating detailed documentation of the existing state of a structure it is necessary to remove the vegetation surrounding and covering it which speeds up the decay of the object). Therefore, it is very important to attempt to define several steps (management models) for conscientious maintenance of old cities and fortresses, based on objective criteria, pragmatic viewpoints and economic principles of cultural management. These steps will also encompass the issues and interrelatedness of securing access to the structures (removing vegetation, clearing an access path), creation of blueprint documentation, research (archaeological, conservational, historical, archival and others), measures and methods for conservation, restoration, presenting and promotion, long term maintenance and clear definition, and alignment of value, vision, mission, goals and economic factors. The study presents two models of management. The first model is related to objects which, regardless of positive cultural, historical, scientific, aesthetic and sociological values have negative economic characteristics. In order to ensure their long-term maintenance, and in accordance with financial possibilities, a digital database of the existing state recorded with 3D laser scanning technology is being compiled. Creating this database and yearly monitoring of the condition of the structures will enable the creation of a priority list of endangered monumental heritage and allow for determination of precise investments. This model was presented based on the example of the old city Zrin. The second management model refers to those structures whose SWOT and CB analyses justify further investments from research to revitalizing. Positive results are presented using the „On the paths of the Moslavina forest heritage“ and „fortresses of the Petrinja region“ projects. These positive results include using the management models with the goal of maximizing positive effects on heritage and cultural tourism, strengthening social values and supporting the development of the local economy

Jelengrad and Košutgrad – Two burgs in Moslavina

Tijekom 2012. godine započela su sustavna arheološka istraživanja Jelengrada i Košutgrada, dvaju kasnosrednjovjekovnih gradova na Moslavačkoj gori. Iako su oba grada nesumnjivo imala značajnu ulogu u onodobnom kulturno-povijesnom krajobrazu, nakon napuštanja krajem 16. stoljeća ostali su prepušteni vegetaciji i neumitnom zubu vremena, u potpunosti izvan fokusa znanstvenog interesa. Cilj ove prve sezone istraživanja bio je njihovo raščišćavanje od vegetacije te urušene građe, potvrđivanje stratigrafske slike te izrada nacrtne dokumentacije.In 2012 Croatian Conservation Institute started with systematic archaeological excavations of Jelengrad and Košutgrad, two late medieval burgs on Moslavina Mountain. Although both burgs have undoubtedly had important place in the cultural-historic landscape during late medieval period, after their abandonment at the end of the 16th century, they have been left to the ravages of time and vegetation, outside of any scientific focus. Main goals of this first season of archaeological excavations were clearing the locations of vegetation and debris, confirmation of stratigraphy, and making of detail plan documentation

Elaborating an Idea of Emilij Laszowski: Krčingrad as the Possible Original Seat of the Drežnik County

Srednjovjekovna utvrda Krčingrad nalazi se na šumovitom poluotoku između Kozjačkoga i Gradinskoga jezera u sklopu Nacionalnoga parka Plitvička jezera. Dosadašnja arheološka istraživanja potvrdila su da su danas vidljivi ostaci građeni na prijelazu 13. u 14. stoljeće, a široka kontekstualizacija sačuvanih povijesnih izvora ukazala je na to da su ga vrlo vjerojatno izgradili knezovi Babonići da bi zaštitili ulaz na prostor svoje političke i gospodarske domene. Krčingrad se nalazio na vrlo važnom prometnom pravcu koji je, prolazeći prostorom današnjih Plitvičkih jezera, spajao područja srednjovjekovne Drežničke i Krbavske, tj. Ličke županije. U radu se propitkuje teza Emilija Laszowskog da je Krčingrad bio prvobitno središte srednjovjekovne Drežničke županije, analizirajući pritom dosadašnja mišljenja u historiografskoj literaturi, kao i razmatrajući sačuvana srednjovjekovna pisana vrela, ali i različita kasnija svjedočanstva, te promatrajući geostratešku važnost plitvičkoga prostora u razvijenom srednjem vijeku kroz spektar središnjih funkcija nekoga naselja.The medieval fortress of Krčingrad is situated on a wooded peninsula between the Kozjačko and Gradinsko lakes, within the Plitvice Lakes National Park. Archaeological investigations conducted so far have confirmed that the visible remains of the fortress date back to the late 13th or early 14th century, while a broad contextualization of the preserved written sources suggests that it was most likely built by the Babonić Counts to protect the entrance to their political and economic domain. Krčingrad occupied a strategic position along a significant traffic route that, transversing the Plitvice Lakes area, connected the territories of medieval Drežnik and Krbava Counties with Lika County. The paper explores Emilij Laszowski\u27s hypothesis that Krčingrad was the original centre of the medieval Drežnik County, analysing the previous opinions expressed in historiographical literature while also taking into account medieval written sources, various later testimonies, and an assessment of the geostrategic importance of the Plitvice area during the High Middle Ages through the spectrum of the central functions of a settlement

Plodnost zemljišta u Vojvodini

Procesi pedogeneze su na oko dve trećine površine AP Vojvodine formirali tipove zemljišta koji se odlikuju bogatstvom u hranivima i visokim proizvodnim sposobnostima Plodnost zemljišta, koja se može značajno razlikovati od bogatstva, predstavljaju lako pristupačne količine biljnih hraniva u zemljištu. Sistem kontrole plodnosti zemljišta i upotrebe đubriva zasnovan 1980. godine, obuhvata kontrolu svih faktora koji određuju plodnost zemljišta i dejstvo đubriva, odnosno preko ishrane utiču na rast, razviće i prinose biljaka, kao i mere kojima se ovi usmeravaju u cilju ostvarenja visoke i stabilne proizvodnje uz primenu ekonomičnosti i zaštitu biosfere. U toku proteklih 15 godina zbog ekonomske krize i ratnih razaranja, Sistem nije sprovođen u dovoljnoj meri u poljoprivrednoj praksi. U toku 2002.-2004. godine sprovedena je akcija besplatnog analiziranja zemljišta u privatnom vlasništvu. Rezultati akcije pokazuju punu opravdanost na daljem radu oživljavanja Sistema