Highly efficient, dual state emission from an organic semiconductor

We report highly efficient, simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence (74% yield) at room temperature from a single molecule ensemble of (BzP)PB dispersed into a polymer host. The slow phosphorescence (208 ms lifetime) is very efficient (50%) at room temperature and only possible because the non-radiative rate for the triplet state is extremely low. The ability of an organic molecule to function as an efficient dual state emitter at room temperature is unusual and opens new fields of applications including the use as broadband down-conversion emitters, optical sensors and attenuators, exciton probes, and spin-independent intermediates for F\"orster resonant energy transfer

High multipole transitions in NIXS: valence and hybridization in 4f systems

Momentum-transfer (q) dependent non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements were made at the N4,5 edges for several rare earth compounds. With increasing q, giant dipole resonances diminish, to be replaced by strong multiplet lines at lower energy transfer. These multiplets result from two different orders of multipole scattering and are distinct for systems with simple 4f^0 and 4f^1 initial states. A many-body theoretical treatment of the multiplets agrees well with the experimental data on ionic La and Ce phosphate reference compounds. Comparing measurements on CeO2 and CeRh3 to the theory and the phosphates indicates sensitivity to hybridization as observed by a broadening of 4f^0-related multiplet features. We expect such strong, nondipole features to be generic for NIXS from f-electron systems

Biodegradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103), a constitutive degrader of 2, 4–dichlorophenoxyacetate

The efficacy of using genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) to degrade recalcitrant environmental toxicants was demonstrated by the application of Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) to an Oregon agricultural soil amended with 500 u.g/g of a model xenobiotic, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA). P. putida PP0301(pR0103) is a constitutive degrader of 2, 4–dichlorophenoxyacetate (2, 4–D) and is also active on the non–inducing substrate, PAA. PAA is the parental compound of 2, 4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4–D) and whilst the indigenous soil microbiota degraded 500 ng/g 2, 4–D to less than 10 J–g/g, PAA degradation was insignificant during a 40–day period. No significant degradation of PAA occurred in soil inoculated with the parental strain P. putida PP0301 or the inducible 2, 4–D degrader P. putida PP0301(pR0101). Moreover, co–amendment of soil with 2, 4–D and PAA induced the microbiota to degrade 2, 4–D; PAA was not degraded. P. putida PP0301–(pR0103) mineralized 500–Μg/g PAA to trace levels within 13 days and relieved phytotoxicity of PAA to Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds with 100% germination in the presence of the GEM and 7% germination in its absence. In unamended soil, survival of the plasmid–free parental strain P. putida PP0301 was similar to the survival of the GEM strain P. putida PP0301(pR0103). However, in PAA amended soil, survival of the parent strain was over 10 000–fold lower (< 3 colony forming units per gram of soil) than survival of the GEM strain after 39 days.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75471/1/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00160.x.pd

How analysts think: sense-making strategies in the analysis of temporal evolution and criminal network structures and activities

Analysis of criminal activity based on offenders’ social networks is an established procedure in intelligence analysis. The complexity of the data poses an obstacle for analysts to gauge network developments, e.g. detect emerging problems. Visualization is a powerful tool to achieve this, but it is essential to know how the analysts’ sense-making strategies can be supported most efficiently. Based on a think aloud study we identified ten cognitive strategies on a general level to be useful for designers. We also provide some examples how these strategies can be supported through appropriate visualizations